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Solugées para trabalhos de casa 9 Questo 5.3. Escreva a equagio da taxa de Arrhenius na exponeneial (a) e (b) comum Formas logaritmicas. Resposta 5,3 a) Rate of reaction =Ce@/*" Q 2.303RT Questo 5.6 Escreva a equagao para a primeira lei de difusdo de Fick e defina cada uma das Termos em unidades do SI Resposta 5.6 Fick’s first law of diffusion is given by: 2 y=—D se or in St unit form, {ses} -(=\e 2} dk m?-s s)\\m om where J = flux or net flow of atoms; D= proportionality constant called the diffusivity (atomic conductivity) or diffusion coefficient; Xe x concemation grate m - b) logy, rate = logy, constant — Question 5.7 Quais fatores afetam a taxa de difusio em cristais de metal sélido? Resposta 5,7 A taxa de difustio em cristais de metal solido ¢ afetada por cinco fatores: 1 Tipo de mecanismo de difusio: 2 Temperatura de difusio: 3 Concentragao das espécies de difusio (gradiente de concentragao); 4 Tipo de estruturas de cristal: 5 Tipo de imperfeigdes de cristal presentes. Questao 5.12. (a) Calcular a concentragao de equilibrio das vagas por metro ciibico Em prata pura a 750 ° C. Assuma que a energia de formagdo de uma vaga em prata pura E 1.10eV. (B) Qual é a fragao de vacdncia a 700 °C? Resposta 5,12 a) The equilibrium number of vacancies is calculated as n, = NCe™®/"7 Thus for silver, = NoPeu _ _ (6.0210 atoms/at. mass)(10.5x10° g/m’) = = 5.86x10" atoms/m* at. mass Cu (107.870 g/at. mass) ‘Substituting and assuming E, = 1.10 eV for vacancies formed at 1023 K, =(5.86%10" atoms/m?)4exp] -_———_110.eV_ m= | “| (862x105 eV/K\(1023 K) = 2.24*10* vacancies/m? ») The vacancy fraction at 973 K is, -1.10 eV n, <2 = exp] ————>—____ |< e ?? 2.0110 vacancies/atom N (8.62 10° eV/K)(973 K) Questio 5.13 Determinar o fluxo de difuusdo de étomos de zinco em uma solugao solida de zinco em Cobre entre dois pontos A e B, yum separados, a 500°C. yay 10° Atomo fnE C 3= 10" Atomo /in Resposta 5,13 * a 8 Zine in Coppen =... To s08e —— 20 wm —a + 26 5 atoms On> 10 eons og2 OF -1f > D> Ac , From Table Sa Da x00 = J--DzE; pete 26 “12,710 — 40 (ae 1+ Atoms J- -4r0¢ 22K10 ——— 2oxg® ms $rom Kt & Questao 5.16 The surface of a steel gear made of 1022 steel (0.22 wt % C) is to be gas-carburized at 927°C (1700°F). Calculate the time necessary to increase the carbon content to 0.30 wt % at 0.030 in, below the surface of the gear. Assume the carbon content of the surface to be 1.20 wt %. D(C in yiron) at 927°C = 1.28 x 10" ms. Respondido 5.16 Given: C,=1.20% C,=0.22% C,=0.30% =1.28x10""! m?/s x= 0.03 in.(0.3048 min( A } =7.62x104 m Daag ef 7.62x10% m 2V(1.28x10™ m’/s)t Interpolating from Table 5.3, Interpolating from Table 5.3, ertz 0.9184—0.9103 _ x-1. x=1234 0.9340-0.9103 1.3-1.2 Thus, 2 2 t= 106.49 = 106.49 = 7,446.6 s= 124min. z 1.234 z 0.9103 12 0.9184 x 0.9340 1.3 Questao 5.20 The surface ofa steel gear made of 1020 steel (0.20 wt % C) is to be gas-carburized at 927°C. Calculate the carbon content at 0.95 mm below the surface of the gear after an 8,0-hour carburizing time. Assume the carbon content at the surface of the gear is 1.25 wt %, D(C in yiron) at 927°C = 1.28 x 10"! m’/s.

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