Solugées para trabalhos de casa 9
Questo 5.3. Escreva a equagio da taxa de Arrhenius na exponeneial (a) e (b) comum
Formas logaritmicas.
Resposta 5,3
a) Rate of reaction =Ce@/*"
Q
2.303RT
Questo 5.6 Escreva a equagao para a primeira lei de difusdo de Fick e defina cada uma das
Termos em unidades do SI
Resposta 5.6
Fick’s first law of diffusion is given by:
2
y=—D se or in St unit form, {ses} -(=\e 2}
dk m?-s s)\\m om
where J = flux or net flow of atoms;
D= proportionality constant called the diffusivity (atomic conductivity) or
diffusion coefficient;
Xe x concemation grate
m -
b) logy, rate = logy, constant —
Question 5.7 Quais fatores afetam a taxa de difusio em cristais de metal sélido?
Resposta 5,7
A taxa de difustio em cristais de metal solido ¢ afetada por cinco fatores:
1 Tipo de mecanismo de difusio:
2 Temperatura de difusio:
3 Concentragao das espécies de difusio (gradiente de concentragao);
4 Tipo de estruturas de cristal:
5 Tipo de imperfeigdes de cristal presentes.
Questao 5.12. (a) Calcular a concentragao de equilibrio das vagas por metro ciibico
Em prata pura a 750 ° C. Assuma que a energia de formagdo de uma vaga em prata pura
E 1.10eV. (B) Qual é a fragao de vacdncia a 700 °C?
Resposta 5,12
a) The equilibrium number of vacancies is calculated as n, = NCe™®/"7 Thus for silver,
= NoPeu _ _ (6.0210 atoms/at. mass)(10.5x10° g/m’)
= = 5.86x10" atoms/m*
at. mass Cu (107.870 g/at. mass)
‘Substituting and assuming E, = 1.10 eV for vacancies formed at 1023 K,=(5.86%10" atoms/m?)4exp] -_———_110.eV_
m= | “| (862x105 eV/K\(1023 K)
= 2.24*10* vacancies/m?
») The vacancy fraction at 973 K is,
-1.10 eV
n,
<2 = exp] ————>—____ |< e ?? 2.0110 vacancies/atom
N (8.62 10° eV/K)(973 K)
Questio 5.13 Determinar o fluxo de difuusdo de étomos de zinco em uma solugao solida de zinco em
Cobre entre dois pontos A e B, yum separados, a 500°C. yay 10° Atomo fnE C 3= 10"
Atomo /in
Resposta 5,13
* a 8 Zine in Coppen
=... To s08e
—— 20 wm —a +
26 5 atoms
On> 10 eons og2 OF
-1f >
D> Ac , From Table Sa Da x00 =
J--DzE; pete
26
“12,710 — 40 (ae 1+ Atoms
J- -4r0¢ 22K10 ———
2oxg® ms
$rom Kt &
Questao 5.16
The surface of a steel gear made of 1022 steel (0.22 wt % C) is to be gas-carburized at 927°C (1700°F).
Calculate the time necessary to increase the carbon content to 0.30 wt % at 0.030 in, below the surface of
the gear. Assume the carbon content of the surface to be 1.20 wt %. D(C in yiron) at 927°C = 1.28 x 10"
ms.Respondido 5.16
Given: C,=1.20% C,=0.22% C,=0.30%
=1.28x10""! m?/s
x= 0.03 in.(0.3048 min( A } =7.62x104 m Daag
ef 7.62x10% m
2V(1.28x10™ m’/s)t
Interpolating from Table 5.3,
Interpolating from Table 5.3,
ertz 0.9184—0.9103 _ x-1. x=1234
0.9340-0.9103 1.3-1.2
Thus,
2 2
t= 106.49 = 106.49 = 7,446.6 s= 124min.
z 1.234
z
0.9103 12
0.9184 x
0.9340 1.3
Questao 5.20
The surface ofa steel gear made of 1020 steel (0.20 wt % C) is to be gas-carburized at 927°C. Calculate the
carbon content at 0.95 mm below the surface of the gear after an 8,0-hour carburizing time. Assume the
carbon content at the surface of the gear is 1.25 wt %, D(C in yiron) at 927°C = 1.28 x 10"! m’/s.