Vocabulario esencial

UNIDAD 1: La familia y los amigos

D 1:
UNIDA

La
familia
y los

s
amigo
Sustantivos Nouns heredero/a (m, f) heir; heiress
hipoteca (f) mortgage
abrazo (m) hug, embrace hogar (m) home
actitud (f) attitude huérfano/a (m, f) orphan
ama de casa (f) housewife infancia (f) childhood
amistad (f) friendship ingresos (m, pl) income
ansiedad (f) anxiety joven (m, f) young person
apellido (m) surname juguete (m) toy
apoyo (m) support licencia (f) por maternity leave
aprobación (f) approval maternidad (HA)
autocontrol (m) self-control llanto (m) crying
baja (f) por paternity leave luna de miel (f) honeymoon
paternidad (E) madre (f) soltera single mother
barrio (m) district; maltrato (m) ill-treatment; abuse
neighbourhood matrimonio (m) married couple;
beso (m) kiss marriage
boda (f) wedding mayores (m, pl) grown-ups
bofetada (f) slap mellizo/a (m, f) twin
bronca (f) row; foul mood (HA) muñeca (f) doll
canguro/a (m, f) babysitter nacimiento (m) birth
(E coloq.) niñero/a (m, f) babysitter
cariño (m) affection niñez (f) childhood
casamiento (m) marriage; wedding nombre (m) (first) name
castigo (m) físico physical punishment nombre (m) completo full name
celos (m, pl) jealousy noviazgo (m) relationship (with
chalé (m) adosado (E) semi-detached house
a boy/girlfriend)
compañero/a (m, f) companion
conducta (f) behaviour engagement
crecimiento (m) growth (in Spain)
culpa (f) guilt novio/a (m, f) boy/girlfriend;
cumpleaños (m) birthday fiancé(e);
departamento (m) (rented) flat/apartment bridegroom/bride
(HA) (alquilado) oveja (f) negra black sheep
divorcio (m) divorce par (m) equal
faenas (f, pl) housework pareja (f) couple; partner
domésticas (E) parentesco (m) kinship
familia (f) single-parent permiso (m) de maternity leave
monoparental family maternidad (E)
familia (f) real royal family piso (m) (E) flat; apartment
felicidad (f) happiness planificación (f) family planning
gastos (m, pl) de casa household expenses familiar
generación (f) generation prometido/a (m, f) fiancé/e
guardería (f) nursery receta (f) recipe; prescription

Spanish B for the IB Diploma © Mike Thacker and Sebastián Bianchi 2014 1
relación (f) relationship sobrino/a (m, f) nephew; niece
reparto (m) de las division of suegro/a (m, f) father/mother-in-law
responsabilidades responsibilities tatarabuelo/a great-great-
reunión (f) familiar family reunion grandfather/-mother
riña (f) quarrel tío/a (m, f) uncle/aunt
risa (f) laughter yerno (m) son-in-law
rutina (f) routine
tareas (f, pl) housework Adjetivos Adjectives
domésticas (HA)
tercera edad (f) retirement; third age adoptivo/a adopted; adoptive

D 1:
UNIDA

La
familia
y los

s
amigo
varón (m) male; man amado/a loved; beloved
vecino/a (m, f) neighbour; resident; antipático/a unpleasant
inhabitant cariñoso/a loving, affectionate
viudo/a (m, f) widow; widower casado/a married
vivienda (f) dwelling celoso/a jealous
delgado/a thin
desequilibrado/a unbalanced
La familia The family
discapacitado/a handicapped
abuelo/a (m, f) grandfather; enamorado/a in love
grandmother familiar family
ahijado/a (m, f) godson; goddaughter feliz happy
benjamín (m) (coloq.) youngest son fraternal brotherly, fraternal
bisabuelo/a (m, f) great-grandfather; gordo/a fat
great-grandmother guapo/a (E) handsome; pretty
cónyuge (m, f) spouse (formal) independiente independent
cuñado/a (m, f) brother/sister-in-law infeliz unhappy
esposo/a (m, f) husband; wife inmaduro/a immature
familiares (m, pl) relatives; relations joven young
gemelo/a (m, f) twin (identical twin jubilado/a retired
in HA) maduro/a mature
hermanastro/a (m, f) step brother/sister mayor grown-up; adult
hermano/a (m, f) elder/younger mimado/a spoilt
mayor/menor brother/sister minusválido/a handicapped
hermanos (m, pl) brother(s) and primogénito/a (m, f) first-born
sister(s) prometido/a engaged
hija (f) mujer female child recién nacido/a new-born (child)
hijo/a único/a (m, f) only son/daughter separado/a separated
hijo (m) varón male child simpático/a nice; pleasant
madrastra (f) stepmother soltero/a single
madrina (f) godmother triste sad
mamá (f) mum unido/a united, close
marido (m) husband vecino/a nearby; neighbouring
nene/a (m, f) baby; small child
nieto/a (m, f) grandson; Verbos Verbs
granddaughter abrazar to hug
nuera (f) daughter-in-law adoptar to adopt
padrastro (m) stepfather aprobar (–ue–) to approve
padres (m, pl) parents ayudar (a) to help (to)
padrino (m) godfather bautizar to baptize
papás (m, pl) parents besar to kiss
papis (m, pl) parents casarse to get married
(affectionate term) castigar to punish; to correct
pariente/a relative charlar to chat
parientes (m, pl) relatives cocinar to cook
primo/a (m, f) cousin compartir to share
progenitor(a) (m, f) father; mother corregir (–i–) to correct

Spanish B for the IB Diploma © Mike Thacker and Sebastián Bianchi 2014 2
crecer to grow (up) (m, pl) nappies/diapers
criar to bring up conciliar la vida (f) to reconcile work and
cuidar (de/a) to look after home
dejar to let, allow familiar y laboral to give birth (to)
despreciar to despise, to look dar a luz (a) (f)
down on de niño/a as a child
discutir to argue de tal palo, tal astilla like father, like son
divorciarse to get divorced estar enamorado/a to be in love (with)
enamorarse (de) to fall in love (with) (de)
fastidiar to annoy estar de luto to be in mourning

D 1:
UNIDA

La
familia
y los

s
amigo
fallecer to die ganar un sueldo to earn a salary
gastar to spend llevarse bien/mal con to get on well/badly
heredar to inherit with
independizarse to become volar (–ue–) to fly the nest
independent del nido (m)
influir (en) to influence
jubilarse to retire
jugar (–ue–) to play
llamarse to be called
madurar to mature
meterse en to get mixed up in
mimar to pamper, to spoil
molestar to bother
morir (–ue–) to die
nacer to be born
pasear to go for/take a walk
pegar to hit, to strike
permitir to allow, to let
prohibir to forbid
(com)prometerse to get engaged
proteger to protect
recurrir (a) to have recourse to
reñir (–i–) to tell off, to scold;
to argue
residir (en) to reside (in)
reunirse to meet
salir (con) to go out (with),
to be someone’s
boy/girlfriend
separarse to separate

Locuciones Expressions
cambiar pañales to change

Spanish B for the IB Diploma © Mike Thacker and Sebastián Bianchi 2014 3