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Objectives
1. To determine the minor losses and velocity in pipe flows when subjected to sudden
expansion and contraction.
2. To be able to know the relationship between the head losses to the sudden change
of the pipe sizes and so as its velocity too.
II. Procedure
Minor losses are a major part in calculating the flow, pressure or energy reduction in
piping systems. After performing the experiment, the students come up with a conclusion that
the head losses are being affected by the sudden expansion and contraction of pipes. Based
from the computed result of the head losses, the head loss in enlarged pipes is less that of the
losses in contracted pipes. While in its velocity, the larger the pipe the lower its velocity, the
smaller the pipe the higher the velocity.