Part 2

First Aid for

Medical Condition

Dr. Leonardo Liswojo

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 AGENDA

Introduction & Background

First aid for medical conditions

Basic Life Support

First aid for injuries

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 Unconscious & No Breathing

Administer CPR:
• Lay the person on his or her back
• Give chest compressions
• Tilt head slightly
• Breathe into the person’s mouth
• Continue until EMS personnel arrive

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 Choking

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 Choking / Tersedak
• Saluran napas tersumbat akibat benda asing.

• Sumbatan dapat terjadi total atau sebagian.

• Akibatnya korban sulit bernapas sehingga

kekurangan oksigen, dan dapat segera
menimbulkan kematian

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 CHOKING/TERSEDAK

PENYEBAB
• Bagian tubuh korban sendiri
– Lidah
– Saluran napas bengkak

• Benda asing
– Makanan (permen, bakso)
– Uang logam, koin
– Gigi palsu

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 CHOKING/ TERSEDAK
TANDA-TANDA
• sulitbernapas.
• tak mampu mengeluarkan suara/bicara.
• awalnya disertaibatuk-batuk.
• tampak panik hingga hilangkesadaran
• korban tampak pucat dan kebiruan pada bibir
dan kulitnya.
• tanda khas tersedak : korban memegangi
lehernya dengan ibu jari dan jari telunjuk

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 Apa yang harus dilakukan ?
• datangi korban
• tanyakan: “Apakah anda tersedak / sesak ?”
• jika IYA atau korban tidak dapat menjawab
akibat sesak nafasnya ...................................
• panggil pertolongan
• mintalah korban untuk batuk
• (lihat algoritma berikut)

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 PERTOLONGAN
sumbatan jalan nafas
parah ?
ya tidak
sumbatan berat
(batuk tidak adekuat) sumbatan ringan
dan/atau (batuk adekuat)
tidak mampu bersuara

tidak sadar masih sadar bantu pasien untuk dapat

batuk
lakukan lakukan 5x:
RJP * tepuk punggung awasi adanya penurunan kesadaran,
* manuver Heimlich batuk tidak adekuat,
sampai sumbatan hilang
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110 J.P. Nolan et al. / Resuscitation 81 (2010) 1219–1276. © 2010 ERC
 TEPUKPUNGGUNG
dewasa

Anak

Bagian Diklat RSCM bayi

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 MANUVERHEIMLICH

1. Berdiri di belakang korban

2. Tutup kepalan tangan anda
dengan tangan yang
satunya
3. Letakkan kepalan tangan di
ulu hati dan kedua lengan
melingkari korban
4. Tarik dan hentakkan
kepalan tangan anda
dengan kuat hingga korban
Bagian Diklat RSCM
sedikit terangkat
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 MANUVERHEIMLICH

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 JIKAKORBANTIDAKSADAR

jika korban
tidak sadar

lakukan
RJP
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 Allergy
Common, but EMERGENCY
• If Anaphylactic occur -> SYOK

Breathing difficulty (shortness of breath,

wheezing, airway swelling)
Circulatory symptoms (fall of blood pressure,
collapse, shock)

Anaphylactic reactions may dramatically lead to death. In an anaphylactic

reaction, oxygenation and epinephrine injection(given intramuscularly, using an
auto-injector) can be lifesaving.
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 Shock (1)
Shock is a medical emergency which can be caused by
severe blood loss, cardiac disturbance, neurogenic,
infection.
The casualty does not receive enough oxygen due to the
loss of blood
Signs & symptoms include:
●Pale clammy skin
●Drowsiness
●Thirst
●Confusion
●Nausea & vomiting

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 Shock (2)
If you suspect a casualty is suffering from shock then you
should:

> Lie them down and raise their legs

This improves the blood flow to the vital organs

> Cover them with a blanket

> Call for emergency help if you haven’t already done so.

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 Shock
• Lay the victim down
• Cover
• Raise feet

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 Photo: Treatment of shock

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 Muscle
and
neurologic

Pulmonary

CHEST PAIN
Cardiac

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 Heart Attack

• Call Hospital
• Make victim comfortable
• Loosen tight clothing
• Check for medication
• Keep victim still
• Don’t give stimulants

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 Fainting

• Check for pulse &

breathing
• Administer CPR if
necessary
• Call Hospital if more
than
a few minutes
• If conscious, lay the
victim down with feet
elevated and give
sweetened drink

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 KEJANG

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 Epileptic Seizures

• Remove victim
from hazards
• Check for
breathing
• Nothing in the
mouth
• Keep comfortable
• Call Hospital if
medical assistance
is needed

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© 1110
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 Kejang demam vs Epilepsi
Suhu rektal > 38oC
6 bulan – 5 tahun
30 – 40% berulang

Kejang Demam Kejang Demam

Sederhana Kompleks

Kejang menyeluruh
Singkat < 15 menit
Tidak berulang dalam 24 jam
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 Prinsip Penanganan Kejang Demam

Perhatikan Jalan Napas

O2 atau bantuan napas

Menetap setelah 3-5 menit:

Jika BB 5 – 10 kg : 5 mg diazepam rektal
Jika BB > 10 kg : 10 mg diazepam rektal
2 kali pemberian; selang 5- 10 menit

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 Stroke

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 BEFAST

Kelemahan / rasa kesemutan pada wajah, tangan dan kaki (biasanya

satu sisi tubuh), Bingung, Kesulitan bicara atau memahami
pembicaraan, Kesulitan melihat, Kesulitan jalan atau gangguan
keseimbangan, Pusing berputar, Nyeri kepala, Pingsan/tidak sadar
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 Tipe Stroke:

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 Penanganan Awal Stroke
• Puasakan
• Berikan oksigen bila tersedia
• Naikan kepala posisi 30 derajat
• Segera bawa ke RS

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