1 BYZANTINE STUDIES/ETUDES BYZANTINE confused natures thie Coun of 754, bu their arguments ato Mon. pjsinm. All the emphasis plced on the divinity of Christ. Bec they "hooaht of Crist mony as Ge, the ted and crue the onopils of "Nestorianism, when the onophes tol them tat He was ao aman an such He could be crcumsbe Thee i 0 doubt tha the conoclst: Chie ‘ology had Monophyste tendencies Wat we cannot sy with certainty, dar te the lack ofthe icnocate wings whether the onocats were Mone. plyster by tenon, o without reasing they fll into Monoptyston But ses, we su Keep in ind that many ofthe leaders and follower of iconoclam were af Monophyste origin, Armenians sé Spins. NO msi What thee te intentions were, however, heir attacks on the image forced ‘he Church to define he meaning andthe we ofthe ina a Chistian "Tn conslasion we can sy thatthe tve tives of conch wer els ‘ous, based onthe spent of smal segnent within te Church opposing the wie of te image ne antquy-Theman charge ofthe eonocss aan the ue ofthe images was that of "wot." and was mail based on he ‘Old Tesameat pohibions. They slo maie ue ofthe ety obetions of the Church guns the uw ofthe ager in worip.Astime went on Stig ‘he contorey the contac arguments ith Contatine V took Chis Tope character, But apn this theology was ot something and ‘a, wat formulated by Euscis of Casa buted on Chilo ae ‘mens. The Eusebia nga of this theology, however, di not help the con lat 100 much, Beng si-Arian, Evscias cool not be accepted tan tuthorty of Orthodox theology Going deeper inthe examination of the {heokegy of the konosats, we notice thelr Monoptc tendencies, The Sin of Cit cng! we ham comits So, deste the ancient orgin of the iconoclastic theological arguments Seonoclass was a fale. Is aumeats were outdated, because they came fom a small spent opposing the geaeral ekg ofthe Church AL these tie the eon associ with the eunph of Cistanity andthe deve ment ofthe orthodox theology ofthe Church, Ivar looked upon ape of the pre and sited teaition of the Chueh, that why those who atcked ine coudemoed as hee. St. Nichols Grok Orthodox Ohh Bethe ‘conto dos Teen ur F999 036 YZANTINE STUDIESIETUDES BYZANTINE, 6 12.1979), 195 [NORMAN TOBIAS (Newark, NJ, US.A) The Tacies and Strategy of Alextus Comnenus at Calvrtae, 1078 “The rsonstnastion of bates a Byzantine story i iil, fr histo califormation salmon invariably meager. Alsnople (378), Chalo 480, Duras (530), Taine (352), and Manzker (1071) ae the best known of he fare exceptions to this rl. Tots st Clavie shoul be added! Ii tian foe itary history because it provides gimps ito the sate of he "An mila” ofthe empeinthe crv seventh century and revel con Lint in te Byzatioe tof wat tat post dates the callape of the teas ona heme sate? in this ore sal undertake wo thing. Fit, hal thoroughly analyz tue bate for which we hate two parte and delalled accounts Oe pro Wied bythe Alea of Picea Anna Connea, the daughter of the Domes Teo the School, who Ted the imperil force) The ther by the eles in Tie Contre Mest! roy. e413 buy, eva, 8 vin Pi (Cambri ieee St ph cmp sot ne fT een Te Bye Bowe te Be fhe Cnn. Pts aan eee iene moment ax acai [Sion em She Den of Ned ele Ae ore thereof ‘ten fone arth ih inh Sy By, Sop sa Ae eae i cerca ‘ani by Haze 3 nen The Ae ofthe rine Ane Comnena Ben SE 2th Reon ier Fer Ata Emp of te Romen08008 ‘to. logon Ka nh, evn Co Li) On A Comota Se Ceri Si Ac inn noe ye ‘Guage Ua en 192) 13950 Nro Mom oh Fa eta ea 99). Foner dackon "Aon Comes Hb at,194 BYZANTINE STUDIES/ETUDES BYZANTINE son ofthe leader ofthe insurgents, Niephors Brynn o named Nistpho "ts Brjeniun® By comparing their two acount, 1 hope peel se no. Un of he stateny and tacts employed by the contests In nion th tats of Calanytae will be sompared withthe fates outed by Leo the Wise (856911) a his Tacrca® BY comping the emit in heya (ent cena) with the eleventh century. one wl be abet detente to what Je. tue there was continuity Byzantine mitay pasts Phe Pree “The ttl of Calaryae aon from areata advance on Constantin ple by NiceporusBryeunns. the Dux of Dacian. Sent to thie tte Bi outpost by the Emperor Michie VIL Ducas (107178), Byres tk ‘as to gual the ree sebelions” According obs eet wo, the suces ‘Ot his ison led to innsendor at cour tht wis cospn gant the ‘emperor? Aana Comen, however, ins tht Brenna sed des ‘ain his Former benefacor? Be asst. elon broke Ov and Mi ‘hel Deas payed his wal inet in deaing with 2° “Theinstents onthe other band acted cl. Whe Jha Beyennins, the pretsders brother, won ver the lca Thracian nobility, Neephosfl. {owing the eraional iasion route (he Via Fanaa, arched gh the western pronnss without meting reistance! Probably saesmancip Well as lary stength wee factor nha sucess, for Ana Compene describes his progres: with these words: “On his approaching ny ta rapes (New York Alred&» Koop 1963) pp 196-97"2nd Due Anne Ct se New Yor: Tae, 1973) ‘SNe Berni ae fm tages mt ayn ie mae BES 10, The eon tnd ns Nephotvena Comment cs. Mea, Een vol Cra srr tae trina os an Wane Salih ns reach tn of fo fur woke oy Haake, Nee ai elie beh ao 389) ABS ST OS Stes wet wa Lc, Tat, Foote ca comptes See psoding he Tt Wi i tan sro |ALEXIUS COMNENUS AT CALAVRYTAE, 1078 ws ‘woud reeme him with splat hands, and snd hin on othe nxt with ‘Shin."" His progres int is aie Thrace ws, therefore apd and unl ered. Only at Traanpole dl he meet any eppostin, though i wa a {he ed theft to actually aecaim hi “Emperor of th Rosana" From Trajanopolis he advanced t is hose town Adsanopl, Al hong hismarch he was fue ws “Emgroe by the oa populace At Adianople the st tepy ofthe campaign was decled. The deion was ot to adrance with the ttre aon agit Constantinople Bt 10 send 4 pew with feat for ‘eeto septate with Michael Das! This tak wasenttel ooh Bye ris, the Cupar and Domestic of the Schools forthe argent The frapetor refused 1 negation, he pt hts in the ys inpesn ble walls nd inthe abity of hs generals A sege ensued, butt wasindect. sae and the insurgents withdrew. The deg an the proxy ofthe ns {es however, toppled Michael Duss, sd NephonsBotanates (07881) fecceded hi” From Beyenis fet attempt to win the cpl on can vine some idea otis sate. Bakaly twas dic approach wih single geographic ob este Constuatinopl” And this es the eo for i fli, Asstoder ‘heods, Liddell Hart sys, "Asie move on an opponent consoliates an enemy's bln, physical an pyehoogal, and by consoling increas is esting power" The ner fore, therefore, nly pared Bren Uy iat effore Undaunted by eh setback, he tune to ache hija through aslwer and mor method suatepe ddbcation i it step wa, therefore to const hs as, especially i Thrace, By thi state, By Enlus hoped to upet the emperor dpostions, separate hm fom hor Ges, endanger his spies (ow that Trace war the emp’ ed bk), Be lal 9,2 9901 6 824: a era rele dre Dorm nacre scipanny Stapp 11321-12116: a Bde Ra Ma hai 8 11.0 hoo th Copley 1, Bay, Te Dp tin Stn he ia Cay Wats Reed Tet fhe Kegon ie TS i Ay rm 858 Ie BH tla, Stery, 2a. fem Yok: Far 1967) po. 34041 seam yer see ae ral a anh ‘Seino dt aon ncn Bese bt Sa eg pt, seein on nn woo ea en196 [BYZANTINE STUDIESVETUDES BYZANTINES and secure his own base within seking tance of the capital. Pycholog ily this move added to the dacomffare of lin the cy, with Turks 99 ‘ee side and insurgents om the eter Hens, Bryennivs changed his State from a dict to an indrect approach. Te occupation of Trace wih ism terl and poychologkal effect wa calculated to dsocate the emperor's bs lee. Botaites'suation deteriorated dally. “The treasury was oi of mone: says th historian Bryenioe ~The Army,” als Ann Coren asin Ferment 2 a tesonse, Botanites sought to bay pope. He ik th fees of the state wth sycopbant The historanBryeninsGesrbes thsi ne ply with these worde “He tted the highest dignites ofthe emp fot tovalat waco: ov hero ier of 0 members ofthe senator ls ‘rst to tho who showed some zal, but oll those who asked or bed tim Finally, lamed by he news that Bryennits was masing alse sale forces of Thrace and Macon aunt Bi, Botaniates took two dese ‘tepe Fhe appointed Alexi Commens tothe post of Domestic of te Sols! Second, he sought miltry ai from the Turkish Princes Mansi {od Sulsyran, who responded with 200 men and ssuice of ro to lme 2 Meanie, he soudht to delay the insrent hugh potions Peaps i this way Hotnltes hoped to buy sme vial tine. On the ether ands he may hve gevinly Ben seking Covet an open ont By meas fof some compromise. The soiance of tle war alnays.a cardinal pice [St Byentne strategy, whic found an ely proponent in Besar? and Sthch repeated inthe Sato of Mace, the Taetey of Lo ante see 3 she ee ot ‘Redes e Chlan, at Comméne Ener tr mp been aux TF XT Sey aia pete comm rio nam i aaraceiits aks on camrttae ame Sires |ALEXIUS COMNENUS AT CALAVRYTAE, 1078 wr ictea of Nicephoras Phocas25 “To cary ou thi diplomatic manuover Botaits wet the veteran dpe Iomat, the Prados, Constantine Choirorpactes® and his kita, Sto. romans Those delezter met the pretender at Theodoroplie in Tha, ‘there he was marsaling his amy. Tey greted Beenie acon tothe {som demanded by protocol He, in tum, responded with cord, fr he was spb eth the razon fr the mission Storms the pact of che smbassdor poe fit followed by Constantin Choos {en eur fra suspension of hse Bryentius wa offered the ite of (Coes with the strane that he wb tesed Bota? Bryenins responded that be to wished peace and concord and was ready to ase the honor which the emperor tad feed him, Bt, he se, tht it sar no or hima tat he deed the benefits of ese. ais oral thos who were asocted wih the enterpie: gener, sles and not ‘es°30 Beant however agreed to atep the empeor' ffer with he Tollowing proves: 1) The emperor should cont al hat he had promised hs suport 2.) The coronation shoud take places Damosrania (Tha) ‘the church ofthe Archangel Mikal" Obvisuy Brynn waseoncermed about hit fF he sa“ eta one but God, ut Lave no conience sda Stet rs te ‘amen ete ofp, em. 0 ater nn Syirnarre bemoans ona tenes SiS iis Wheat Siwomenceomnae ea, 12 md Nero we A Sear ete be ‘iy, Vil dCs north 9 (1900.18 we roe eee eer eee mm {icon tie de Prot Byeance," noes ofa d Cater Sek Epp incaacanamennceetaaien cari Peers Ss wn cremannet re ome tte SL cam ae a Sera cert ont iste Spr ogme ny dae Foray oer ou heey ch co. Baoan sae et