CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Setting of the Study.

The research will be conducted at MA Jauharotul Mualimin is located in

Gayau Sakti Kecamatan Seputih Agung Central Lampung. MA Jauharotul

Mualimin was established in 2000. It consist 3 classes, a computer

laboratory, an office, and a library. It has 21 teachers and 93 of students.

This researcher chooses eleventh grade of class XIB, in academic years

2015/2016.

B. Subject of the Study

The students of this research are twenty seven students of class XIB of

MA Jauharotul Mualimin. While, the objective of this research is the

students reading comprehension the researcher chooses this class because

most of the students have low score in English lesson especially in reading

comprehension ability.

More detail explore at the table as follow:

Table 3
The Subject of Class XIB
Sex
Class Total
Male Female
9 15 24
 XIB

In this research, the researcher would like to use collaborator to help

the researcher in doing the action research. She is Mrs. Nurini Asmawati

as an English teacher in the eleventh graders of MA Jauharotul Mualimin

Seputih Agung. And in this research the object of the study is something

will be measured. The object in this study is reading comprehension

ability. In this study expected that by using Directed Reading Thinking

Activity strategy can improve students’ learning activity especially in

reading comprehension ability.

C. Action Plan

This research is classroom action research. Suhardjono stated that,”

Action research is a dynamic process in which these four aspects are to be

understood or not as static steps, complete in them, but rather as moments in

the action research spiral of planning acting, observing the activity and

reflecting”. 1 Action research involves learning in and through action and

reflection, and it is conducted in variety of contexts, including the social and

caring sciences, education, organization, and administration studies, and

management. Because action research is always to do with learning, and

learning is to do with education and growth.2

1
Robin Mc Taggart. Action Research A Short Modern History, (Australia: Deakin
University, 1991), p.31.
2
McNiff, et.al, Action Reasearch: Principles and Practice (Second Edition), (London and
New York:RoutledgeFalmer, 2002), p. 16.
 It means that, Classroom action research consist four activities that are

done in repeated cycle, it can be described as follow:3

plan plan

reflect act reflect act

observe observe

Figure1.1. The cycle of the classroom action research by Jean Mc Kniff

with Jack Whitehead

From the explanation above, it can be inferred that Classroom Action

Research (CAR) is a research in teaching and learning in the class which

the aim is to solve problem or to repair something.

1. The Steps of Research

The research will be conducted based on the pre-test and post test. The

researcher takes one class on the eleventh grade where the students are

given the pre-test before they are given the material. Furthermore, they are

also given post test after they are given the treatment.

In this classroom action research, the research will hold the research

in two cycles. There is a relationship between one to the other. They are:

(a) planning (b) acting (c) observing, and (d) reflecting. If the first cycle

3
Ibid, p. 41
 fail and the cycle must be hold again in the second cycle and so on. That

can be illustrated as follows:

1. Cycle 1

a. Planning

Planning is the first step of this classroom action research. In

order to get the optimal result to solve the problems, the writer tries

to make planning in the cycles based on the problems that are faced

by the students in reading class. Here, the writer exposed the plans

for the research:

1) The researcher will prepare the material of the subject

2) The researcher will make the lesson plans which would be taught

to the students and designing the steps in doing the action

3) Preparing of teaching aids or media

4) Preparing observation instruments that would be brought into

classroom and used to know the situation of teaching and learning

process when the strategy is applied, and to know whether the

students’ activeness in the classroom especially on reading

comprehension ability by using directed reading thinking activity

strategy in teaching learning is improving well or not.

b. Acting
 After finishing the planning, the learning process conducted in

the XIB MA Jauharotul Mualimin Seputih Agung, the researcher will

act as follows:

1) Pre Teaching Activities

a) Pray and greet the students.

b) The researcher will check the attendant list.

c) The researcher will ask the students condition.

d) The researcher will choose the story appropriate with the

material going to be taught.

2) While Teaching Activities

a) The researcher will apply the lesson plan.

b) The researcher will give a sheet paper of text to the student.

c) The researcher will instruct to predict what will happen next

base on the title and then read the text.

d) The researcher will ask some questions related the text.

e) The researcher will instruct the student to make conclusion

base on their prediction and reading.

f) The researcher will give evaluation.

g) The researcher will ask the students, are there difficulties in

comprehending the text.

h) The researcher will ask the students why they predict that.

3) Post Teaching Activities

 a) The researcher will ask to students to answer some questions

related to the topic.

b) The researcher will summarize the material of learning.

c) The researcher and collaborator will give motivation to the

students.

d) The researcher will close the meeting.

e) The researcher will greet to the students.

c. Observing

In this step, the researcher will observe the process of teaching

learning by using format observation. The researcher will observe

the students’ activity by using observation sheet. It is to write some

indications, not only good indication but also the bad one also is

written, such as students’ good participants, students’ error and the

students’ ability to answer the question. The important thing in

teaching learning process is noted by researcher.

d. Reflecting

Reflection is the last step in this process. The researcher will

analyze and discuss the observation result during teaching process,

like the weakness and strength from the action in this step; the

researcher will use the data from evaluation to make progress for the

second cycle. The researcher will decide that the next cycle focus on

the weakness in preview cycle.

D. Data Collection Technique

 The research technique is the way which is used by researching in

collecting data in research. 4 The researcher uses the method collecting data

such as:

1. Test

Test is a set of question or exercise which used for knowing the

creativity, knowledge, ability or talent that belongs to the individual or

group. 5 In this research the researcher will use test method to get

information about the students score before and after treatment.

a. Pre-test

Pre-test will be conducted before presenting the treatments, to

know how far the students able to read the text. The type of pre-test

is objective test, the researcher uses objective test in the form of

asking the students to answer the question based on the text that

they read.

b. Post-test

The researcher will use post-test to know the students’ reading

comprehension after answering some questions. The test in this

research is reading comprehension test to answer some questions

base on the text.

2. Observation

4
Ibid, p. 160.
5
Ibid, p.150.
 In the context of science, observation means more than just

observing the world around us to get ideas for research.6 Observation

also refers to the process of making careful and accurate measurement,

which is distinguish feature of well-conducted scientific investigation.

This method is hoped that to get information about the learning process,

behavior and activities of individual at the research site. In this case the

writer directly organized observation in the field research, the writer

will take the data of the student’s reading comprehension test result,

how the students respond to the strategy and they can improve reading

comprehension ability.

3. Documentation

When the process of creating the research is conducted, the

researcher may collect document. This data source is relatively

scientific data and easy to gain.

The writer will use the documentation method to get detail

information about the using of paper question in reading comprehension

ability, condition of the teacher, employers, and organization structure,

the facilities of the school.

6
John Wiley & Sons Inc, Essential of Research Design and Methodology, (Hoboken:
New Jersey,2005), p. 6
E. Research Instrument

The writer describes the research instrument as the tool of research which

is used in each method, as follows:

1. Instrument Blueprint

The instrument that will be used in research, these some instruments

which will be used in this research as follows:

a. The writer will be conducted a pre-test and post-test in different level in

this research. The test material had been about students’ reading

comprehension ability and had been presented in multiple choice and

consist of 20 items.

b. The instrument will be used to observation method is observation tool.

This instrument is used by the writer to get information about the

condition of students, teachers, and officials of MA Jauharotul

Mualimin Seputih Agung Central Lampung.

c. The instruments which will be used for documentation method are

books, rule, note, and others. This instrument is by researcher to get

data about the English improvement of students especially in reading

comprehension ability the students’ improvement in learning English.

F. Data Analysis Technique

Analysis of data means studying the tabulated material in order to

determine inherent facts or meanings. A plan of analysis can and should be

 prepared in advance before the actual collection of material. 7 The data will be

conducted by taking the average of the pre-test and post-test. To know

students achievement after the actions, the researcher will conduct and give

test at the early cycle and the last cycle. Then, the researcher will tabulate the

result of the test, and find the average of the pre test and post test of each

student. The average will be calculated with percentage by applying the

following formula:

∑𝑥
𝑥̅ =
𝑁

Note: x = Average score

∑x = The total number of student’s score
N = Total of Students46

In gaining student’s activity in learning process it can be inferred that the

result use the formula as follow:

F
P X 100 %
N

Note: P = The class percentage

F = Frequency of student activity

N = Total of the students47

7
Yogesh Kumar Singh, Fundamental of Research Methodology and Statistics, (New
Delhi: Age International Publisher, 2006), p. 223
G. Indicator of the Successes

From the result of the research, it can be stated successful in learning

process if the result of the cycle 2 more successful than cycle 1. Aspects that

are inspected of the research are the students’ activity and the students’ ability

of learning activity in the class.

The parameters are:

1. The students can response the teacher’s questions.

2. The students can answer the question (oral, written).

3. The students can give attention.

4. The students make note from the material.

5. The students do the assignment.

This research will be could success if 80% of students get referring to

MCM (Minimum Criteria Mastery) is 75. And the students get improving in

reading comprehension ability and learning process, and there is the

improvement of students’ activity.