COMMUNICATION

• act or process of communicating

• exchanging of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing or signs
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

• refers to communication between two or more people

• Subdivided into:
1. DYADIC COMMUNICATION
Communication between exactly 2 people. Conversation, Dialogue, Interview

2. PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
Happens when individuals and groups engage in dialogue in the public sphere in order to
deliver a message to a specific audience

Public speaking events, newspaper editorials and billboard advertisements

3. SMALL-GROUP COMMUNICATION
Communication among three or more people who are related to each other by a common
purpose

FOUR PRINCIPLES OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

1. INESCAPABLE (“You cannot not communicate”)

2. IRREVERSIBLE (“Taste your words before you spit them out”)
3. COMPLICATED
4. CONTEXTUAL
• Psychological Context – refers to the state someone is in [mood/emotion]
• Relational Context – degree of depth with the other person
• Situational Context – where the communication is taking place
• Cultural Context – different cultures communicate differently
FUNCTIONS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

1. Gaining Information
2. Building a Context of Understanding
3. Establishing Identity
4. Interpersonal Needs
• INCLUSION – establish identity
• CONTROL – exercise leadership skills and prove abilities
• AFFECTION – build rrelationship
ETHICS

• system of moral principles

• deals with values relating to human conduct, with respect to rightness and wrongness of certain
actions

ETHICAL FRAMEWORK
1. Deantological Ethics
• Greek word "deon" meaning "obligation" or "duty", and "logos" meaning "speaking" or "study"
• focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves
• a situation is good or bad depending on whether the action that brought it about was right or
wrong
2. Utilitarian Ethics
• Focuses on the consequence of the action (whether or not it will benefit the majority) to identify
whether it is right or wrong
3. Virtue Ethics
• Character-based ethics
• looks at the virtue or moral character of the person carrying out an action
• provides guidance as to the sort of characteristics and behaviours a good person will seek to
achieve
4. Situational Ethics
• states that decision-making should be based upon the circumstances of a particular situation
• each situation must be addressed differently from each other

COMMUNICATION ETHICS
• principle governing communication
right and wrong aspects and moral-immoral dimensions relevant to interpersonal
communication
• maintaining correct balance between speaking and listening
• principle of honesty on both sides (speaker and listener)
• Fundamental to responsible thinking, decision making and the development of relationships and
communities within and across contexts, cultures, channels and media
• accepting responsibility for the messages you convey to others and the short-term or long-term
consequences of your communication
4 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN COMMUNICATION

• Honesty-Truth is the precondition for communication to be meaningful or important.

• Respect-Respect is the basis for both relationship and communication.
• Attention & focus-Not being distracted is a minimal precondition for listening and communication
to be effective.
• Golden Rule-do unto others as you would have them do unto you.

OTHER PRINCIPLES
• communicating fact-based messages honestly and accurately
• values freedom of expression, diversity of perspective and tolerance of dissent
• honest and straightforward but should not offend or provoke listeners
• the message must be credible (example: stock performance of a company must be presented with
evidences such as annual reports)
• the message should accommodate the languages and listening preferences of everybody
• avoid words and language that are demeaning or intolerant and refrain from sending messages that
promote or incite violence