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FAMOUS  
QUOTATIONS       &    

PICTURES  
    Quotations  Collected  by  Benjamin  Gal-­‐Or  
 
 
 
Once  a  nation  begins  to  think,  it  is  impossible  to  stop  it.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Voltaire    
 
It  is  dangerous  to  be  right  when  those  in  authority  are  wrong.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Voltaire      
 
Do  what  you  feel  to  be  right,  for  you'll  be  criticized  anyway.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Eleanor  Roosevelt  
 
 
 
 
 
 
No  science  is  immune  to  the  corruption  of  Politics    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Jacob  Brunowski    
 
“The  happiness  of  your  life  depends  upon  the  quality  of  your  thoughts.”                              -­‐
-­‐-­‐-­‐―  Marcus  Aurelius    
 
Great  spirits  have  always  encountered  violent  opposition  from  mediocre  minds.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Albert  Einstein  
 
Man  is  born  free,  and  everywhere  he  is  in  chains    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Rousseau  
 
Timid  men  prefer  the  calm  of  despotism  to  the  tempestuous  sea  of  liberty  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Thomas  Jefferson  
 
No  style  of  thinking  will  survive  which  cannot  produce  a  usable  product                  
when  survival  is  at  stake.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Thomas  Favill  Gladwin  
 
Any  fool  can  criticize,  condemn  and  complain,  and  most  fools  do.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Dale  Carnegie  
 
Strategy  without  tactics  is  the  slowest  route  to  victory,  tactics  without  strategy  is  
the  noise  before  defeat.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Sun  Tzu  
 
Man  is  stranger  to  his  own  research;  He  knows  not  whence  he  comes,  nor  
whither  goes;  Tormented  atoms  in  a  bed  of  mud;  Devoured  by  death,  a  mockery  
of  fate;  But  thinking  atoms,  whose  far-­‐seeing  eyes,  Guided  by  thoughts,  have  
measured  the  faint  stars;  Our  being  mingles  with  infinite;  Ourselves  we  never  
see,  or  come  to  know.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Voltaire  
 
All  reality  is  one  entity,  one  in  cause,  one  in  origin.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Giordano  Bruno    

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You  sadist.  You  make  people  think.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Ezra  Pound  
 
Even  the  categories  in  which  facts  are  collected  and  ordered  vary  according  to  
the  social  position  of  the  observer.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Karl  Mannheim  
 
It  is  better  to  light  a  single  candle  than  to  curse  the  darkness.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Chinese  Proverb  
 
Not  even  wrong!    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Wolfgang  Pauli      (about  a  physics  manuscript  submitted  for  publication)  
 
When  men  are  most  sure  and  arrogant  they  are  commonly  most  mistaken,  giving  
views  to  passion  without  that  proper  deliberation  which  alone  can  secure  them  
from  the  grossest  absurdities.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  David  Hume    
 
It  is  important  when  scientists  are  called  upon  to  play  their  part  in  the  world  of  
affairs,  as  is  happening  to  an  increasing  extent.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Sir  William  Lawrence  Bragg  
 
People  are  born  ignorant,  not  stupid;  it  is  education  that  makes  them  stupid.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Old  adage  (advanced  by  B.  Russell)  compare  with:  
 
''never  lose  your  ignorance'',  "ignorance  is  bliss",  a  common  adage.  
 
Imagination  is  more  important  than  knowledge.  Knowledge  is  limited.  
Imagination  encircles  the  world.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Albert  Einstein  
 
Perfection  of  means  and  confusion  of  goals,  seem  –  in  my  opinion  –  to  
characterize  our  age.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Albert  Einstein  
 

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Music  is  a  moral  law.  It  gives  soul  to  the  universe,  wings  to  the  mind,  flight  to  the  
imagination,  and  charm  and  gaiety  to  life  and  to  everything.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Plato  
 
Everything  is  connected  with  everything  else  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Plato  
 
All  the  rivers  run  into  the  sea.  Yet  the  sea  is  not  full.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  King  Solomon  
 
Be  on  your  guard  against  all  kinds  of  greed:  A  man's  life  does  not  consist  in  the  
abundance  of  his  possessions.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Luke  12:15  
 
Some  subjects  are  so  serious  that  one  can  only  joke  about  them.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Niels  Bohr  
 
We  haven’t  the  money,  so  we’ve  got  to  think.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Lord  Ernest  Rutherford  
 
Every  worthwhile  accomplishment,  big  or  little,  has  its  stages  of  drudgery  and  
triumph;  a  beginning,  a  struggle  and  a  victory.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Ghandi  
 
Anyone  who  has  never  made  a  mistake  has  never  tried  anything  new.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Albert  Einstein  
 
Ohne  Musik  wäre  das  Leben  ein  Irrtum.    
[Without  music,  life  would  be  a  mistake.]  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Nietzsche  
 
God  may  have  created  Man  in  his  own  image,  but  Man  has  more  than  returned  
the  favor.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Voltaire  
 
The  individual  has  always  had  to  struggle  to  keep  from  being  overwhelmed  by  
the  tribe.  If  you  try  it,  you  will  be  lonely  often,  and  sometimes  frightened.  But  no  
price  is  too  high  to  pay  for  the  privilege  of  owning  yourself.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Nietzsche  

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Those  who  think  learnt  by  themselves  and  not  from  Sages.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Huan  Yin  Tze  
 
It  is  man’s  social  being  that  determines  his  thinking.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Mao  Tse-­‐tung  
 
The  man  who  trims  himself  to  suit  everybody  will  soon  whittle  himself  away.                
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Charles  Schwab  
 
Everything  is  foreseeable  but  permission  is  given.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐  Rabbi  Akiva  Ben  Yossef  (Killed  by  the  Romans  between  130-­‐140)  
 
The  most  incomprehensible  about  the  world  is  that  it  is  comprehensible.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Albert  Einstein.    (Gravitation  is  not  responsible  for  people  falling  in  love.  )  
 
Are  not  the  mountains,  waves  and  skies  a  great  part  of  me  and  I  of  them?    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Lord  Byron  as  quoted  by  Schopenhauer  
 
It  is  essential  for  the  men  of  science  to  take  an  interest  in  the  administration  of  
their  own  affairs  or  else  the  professional  civil  servant  will  step  in  –  and  then  the  
Lord  helps  you.    _____    Rutherford  
   
May  the  spirit  of  Newton’s  method  give  the  power  to  restore  unison  between  
physical  reality  and  the  profoundest  characteristics  of  Newton’s  teaching-­‐strict  
causality.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Albert  Einstein  
 
The  best  engineers  are  those  who,  in  addition  to  technical  expertise,  have  had  
good  training  in  the  liberal  arts  and  understand  the  world  around  them.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Admiral  Rikover  
 
Quantum  physics  formulates  laws  governing  crowds  of  particles,  not  individuals.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Albert  Einstein  

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Space  and  bodies  are  not  really  different.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Baruch  Spinoza  
 
Human  existence  is  based  upon  two  pillars:  Compassion  and  knowledge.  
Compassion  without  knowledge  is  ineffective;  knowledge  without  compassion  is  
inhuman.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Victor  Weisskopf  
 
Every  great  and  deep  difficulty  bears  in  itself  its  own  solution.  
 -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Victor  Weisskopf  
 
In  every  era  the  attempt  must  be  made  anew  to  wrest  tradition  away  from  a  
conformism  that  is  about  to  overpower  it.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Walter  Benjamin  
 
You're  the  same  today  as  you  will  be  5  years  from  now  except  for  the  books  you  
read  and  the  people  you  meet.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Charlie  "Tremendous"  Jones  
 
Never  doubt  that  a  small  group  of  thoughtful,  committed  citizens  can  change  the  
world.  Indeed,  it  is  the  only  thing  that  ever  has.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Margaret  Mead    
 
As  the  soil,  however  rich  it  may  be,  cannot  be  productive  without  cultivation,  so  
the  mind  without  culture  can  never  produce  good  fruit.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Seneca  
 
Be  more  concerned  with  your  character  than  your  reputation,  because  your  
character  is  what  you  really  are,  while  your  reputation  is  merely  what  others  
think  you  are.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  John  Wooden  1910-­‐2010  
 
Don't  walk  in  front  of  me,  I  may  not  follow.  Don't  walk  behind  me,  I  may  not  
lead.  Just  walk  beside  me  and  be  my  friend.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Albert  Camus    
 
Obstacles  are  those  frightful  things  you  see  when  you  take  your  eyes  off  your  
goal.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Henry  Ford  

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The  pursuit  of  knowledge  for  its  own  sake,  an  almost  fanatical  love  of  justice,  
and  the  desire  for  personal  independence-­‐-­‐these  are  the  features  of  Jewish  
tradition  which  make  me  thank  my  stars  that  I  belong  to  it.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Albert  Einstein  
 
He  gave  man  speech,  and  speech  created  thought,  which  is  the  measure  of  the  
universe;  and  science  struck  the  thrones  of  earth  and  heaven.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Percy  B.  Shelley,  Prometheus  Unbound  
 
And  I  gave  my  heart  to  seek  and  search  out  by  wisdom  concerning  all  things  that  
are  done  under  Heaven…  For  in  much  wisdom  is  much  grief;  and  he  who  
increaseth  knowledge  increases  sorrow.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  King  Solomon  
 
The  right  to  search  for  truth  implies  also  a  duty.  One  must  not  conceal  any  part  
of  what  one  has  recognized  to  be  true.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Albert  Einstein  
 
It  is  impossible  to  demonstrate  the  non-­‐contradictoriness  of  a  logical  
mathematics  system  using  only  the  means  offered  by  the  system  itself.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Kurt  Gödel  
 
He  who  can  properly  define  and  divide  is  to  be  considered  a  god  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Plato    
 
It  is  better  to  remain  silent  and  be  thought  a  fool  than  to  open  one's  mouth  and  
remove  all  doubt.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Abraham  Lincoln    
 
Every  child  is  an  artist.  The  problem  is  how  to  remain  an  artist  once  we  grow  up.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Picasso  
 
Live  the  life  you  have  imagined.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Henry  David  Thoreau  
 
Be  yourself;  everyone  else  is  already  taken.-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Oscar  Wilde  
 
Only  those  who  risk  going  too  far  can  possibly  find  out  how  far  they  can  go.    
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  T.S.  Elliot  

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FAUST:  'Tis  writ:  'in  the  beginning  was  the  Word!'    
I  pause,  to  wonder  what  is  here  inferred?  
The  Word  I  cannot  set  supremely  high,    
A  new  translation  I  will  try.    
I  read,  if  by  the  spirit  I  am  taught,    
This  sense:  'In  the  beginning  was  the  Thought'.    
This  opening  I  need  to  weigh  again,  
Or  sense  may  suffer  from  a  hasty  pen.  
Does  Thought  create,  and  work,  and  rule  the  hour?  
'Twere  best:  'In  the  beginning  was  the  Power!'  
Yet,  while  the  pen  is  urged  with  willing  fingers,  
A  sense  of  doubt  and  hesitancy  lingers.  
The  spirit  come  to  guide  me  in  my  need,  
I  write,  'In  the  beginning  was  the  Deed!'  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Goethe  
 
A  nation's  greatness  is  measured  by  how  it  treats  its  weakest  members.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Gandhi  
 
The  reward  for  conformity  was  that  everyone  liked  you  except  yourself.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Rita  Mae  Brown  
 
The  price  of  hating  other  human  beings  is  loving  oneself  less.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Eldridge  Cleaver  
 
Wherever  you  go  ,  go  with  your  whole  heart.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Confucius  
 
Happiness  comes  when  your  work  and  words  are  of  benefit  to  yourself  and  
others.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Buddha  
 
The  harder  I  work,  the  luckier  I  get.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Goldwyn  
 
If  you  light  a  path  for  someone  it  will  also  brighten  your  path.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Chinese  proverb  
 

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I  have  never  killed  a  man,  but  I  have  read  many  obituaries    
with  great  pleasure.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Clarence  Darrow  
 
No  man  can  put  a  chain  about  the  ankle  of  his  fellow  man  without  at  last  finding  
the  other  end  fastened  about  his  own  neck.-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Tim  Cavanaugh  
 
If  you  have  integrity,  nothing  else  matters.  If  you  don't  have  
integrity,  nothing  else  matters.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Alan  Simpson  
 
If  you  don't  want  to  have  critics:  don't  do  anything  and  don't  be  anybody  -­‐-­‐-­‐  ???  
 
It's  interesting  to  look  back  and  see  what  the  pioneers  did  and  see  how  creative  
they  were  -­‐  and  they  didn't  have  the  material  that  we  do  now.  We  must  always  
be  thinking  of  the  next  invention.  You  never  reach  a  mature  technology  -­‐  it  
always  improves  and  can  be  quite  dramatic  -­‐  there's  no  end  to  the  future  of  
improvement.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Dr.  Sam  Williams  (1921-­‐2009)  
 
You  ....  cannot  strengthen  the  weak  by  weakening  
the  strong.  
You  ....  cannot  help  small  men  by  tearing  down  
big  men.  
You...cannot  help  the  poor  by  destroying  
the  rich.  
You....cannot  help  the  wage  earner  by  pulling  
down  the  wage  payer.  
You....cannot  keep  out  of  trouble  by  spending  
more  than  your  income.  
You  ...  cannot  further  the  brotherhood  of  man  
by  inciting  class  hatred.  
You.....cannot  establish  security  on  borrowed  
money.  
You.....cannot  build  character  and  courage  by  
taking  away  a  man's  initiative  and  
independence.  

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You  .....    cannot  help  men  permanently  by  doing  
for  them  what  they  could  and  should  
do  for  themselves.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  J.  Paul  Getty  
 
Friendship  marks  a  life  even  more  deeply  than  love.  Love  risks  degenerating  into  
obsession,  friendship  is  never  anything  but  sharing.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  Elie  Wiesel  
 
Who  is  rich?  The  one  who  is  happy  with  what  he  has.  -­‐-­‐-­‐  biblical  adage  
 
“Thermodynamics  cannot  be  fathomed  in  all  its  profundity  in  a  single  pass.”  
—  Joseph  Kestin  (1966),  A  Course  in  Thermodynamics  [31]  
 
“Thermodynamics  is  a  funny  subject.  The  first  time  you  go  through  it,  you  don't  
understand  it  at  all.  The  second  time  you  go  through  it,  you  think  you  
understand  it,  except  for  one  or  two  small  points.  The  third  time  you  go  through  
it,  you  know  you  don't  understand  it,  but  by  that  time  you  are  so  used  to  it,  it  
doesn't  bother  you  anymore.”    
—  Arnold  Sommerfeld,    
 
Quotations  Collected  by  Bernard  Marr/Published  by  Linkedin  

“Happiness  is  when  what  you  think,  what  you  say,  and  what  you  do  are  in  
harmony.”  ―  Mahatma  Gandhi  

“For  every  minute  you  are  angry  you  lose  sixty  seconds  of  happiness.”  ―  
Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  

“It  isn't  what  you  have  or  who  you  are  or  where  you  are  or  what  you  are  
doing  that  makes  you  happy  or  unhappy.  It  is  what  you  think  about  it.”  ―  
Dale  Carnegie  

  10  
 
 
 
 
 
 

“The  difference  between  a  successful  person  and  others  is  not  a  lack  of  
strength,  not  a  lack  of  knowledge,  but  rather  a  lack  of  will.”  –Vince  Lombardi  

“The  best  way  out  is  always  through.”  –  Robert  Frost  

“Nothing  diminishes  anxiety  faster  than  action.”  –Walter  Anderson  

“The  only  way  to  do  great  work  is  to  love  what  you  do.  If  you  haven’t  found  it  
yet,  keep  looking.  Don’t  settle.”  –  Steve  Jobs  

“What  you  get  by  achieving  your  goals  is  not  as  important  as  what  you  
become  by  achieving  your  goals.”  –  Goethe  

“Remember  that  happiness  is  a  way  of  travel,  not  a  destination.”  –  Roy  
Goodman  

“Motivation  is  a  fire  from  within.  If  someone  else  tries  to  light  that  fire  under  
you,  chances  are  it  will  burn  very  briefly.”  –  Stephen  Covey  

“The  successful  warrior  is  the  average  man,  with  laser-­‐like  focus.”  –  Bruce  Lee  

“Unless  you  try  to  do  something  beyond  what  you  have  already  mastered,  
you  will  never  grow.”–Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  

“Learn  to  value  yourself,  which  means:  fight  for  your  happiness.”  ―  Ayn  Rand  

“A  successful  man  is  one  who  can  lay  a  firm  foundation  with  the  bricks  others  
have  thrown  at  him.”  –  David  Brinkley  

  11  
 
 
 
 
 
 

“Success  is  not  to  be  measured  by  the  position  someone  has  reached  in  life,  
but  the  obstacles  he  has  overcome  while  trying  to  succeed.”  –  Booker  T.  
Washington  

“All  happiness  depends  on  courage  and  work.”  ―  Honoré  de  Balzac  

“Failure  is  the  opportunity  to  begin  again  more  intelligently.”  –  Henry  Ford  

“Without  self-­‐discipline,  success  is  impossible,  period.”                                        –-­‐-­‐-­‐  Lou  


Holtz  

“Excellence  is  the  gradual  result  of  always  striving  to  do  better.”      -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐–  Pat  
Riley  

“Happiness  is  not  the  absence  of  problems,  it's  the  ability  to  deal  with  them.”  
―  Steve  Maraboli  

“Many  of  life’s  failures  are  people  who  did  not  realize  how  close  they  were  to  
success  when  they  gave  up.”  –  Thomas  A.  Edison  

“Happiness  is  the  meaning  and  the  purpose  of  life,  the  whole  aim  and  end  of  
human  existence.”  ―  Aristotle  

“If  you  don’t  design  your  own  life  plan,  chances  are  you’ll  fall  into  someone  
else’s  plan.  And  guess  what  they  have  planned  for  you?  Not  much.”                                      
–  Jim  Rohn  

  12  
 
 
 
 
 
 

“Those  who  are  not  looking  for  happiness  are  the  most  likely  to  find  it,  
because  those  who  are  searching  forget  that  the  surest  way  to  be  happy  is  to  
seek  happiness  for  others.”                              ―  Martin  Luther  King  Jr.  

“There  are  two  ways  to  get  enough.  One  is  to  continue  to  accumulate  more  
and  more.  The  other  is  to  desire  less.”                        ―  G.K.  Chesterton  

“There  is  only  one  success  –  to  be  able  to  spend  your  life  in  your  own  way.”          
–  Christopher  Morley  

“Don't  aim  at  success.  The  more  you  aim  at  it  and  make  it  a  target,  the  more  
you  are  going  to  miss  it.  For  success,  like  happiness,  cannot  be  pursued;  it  
must  ensue,  and  it  only  does  so  as  the  unintended  side  effect  of  one's  
personal  dedication  to  a  cause  greater  than  oneself  or  as  the  by-­‐product  of  
one's  surrender  to  a  person  other  than  oneself.”  ―  Viktor  E.  Frankl,  

“Action  is  the  foundational  key  to  all  success.”  –  Pablo  Picasso  

“The  best  years  of  your  life  are  the  ones  in  which  you  decide  your  problems  
are  your  own.  You  do  not  blame  them  on  your  mother,  the  ecology,  or  the  
president.  You  realize  that  you  control  your  own  destiny.”  –  Albert  Ellis  

========  

Success  is  not  evaluated  just  by  what  you  have  accomplished,  
but  mainly  by  what  opposition,    incompetence  and  ignorance  you  had  to  
overcome.  
-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  8.8.2010,  me  at  FB,  

  13  
 
 
 
 
 
 

When  acts  betray  lips  trust  the  acts  not  the  speaker.  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  1.1.2011,  me  at  FB  

PICTURES taken from BG Online Booklets by ISSUUE, 2015-2016

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

COSMIC-­‐TRAVEL  "END-­‐of-­‐LIFE"                                                              
At    This  "COSMIC  CEMETERY".    
Figure  1:    The  4  yellow  arrows  inside  these  cosmic,  expanding,  dark,  coldest,  
"Empty  Spaces",  or  "Voids"  represent  the  Universal  Cemetery    

  14  
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
With  pictures  that  follow,  this  one  also  illustrates  the  cosmological  origin  of  all  
science,  all  Physics,  all  Evolution  at  all  times.  

These   pictures   represent   intergalactic/interstellar   "winds"   or   "jets"  


that,  post  traveling  from  active  stars  and  galaxies,  finally  arrive,  dissipate  and  "die"  inside  
these  cosmic,  expanding,  dark,  coldest,  "empty  spaces",  or  "voids"  shown  in  more  details  
of  scale  and  uniform  distribution  in  the  NASA-­‐MAP-­‐Figure  3  below.  

The  winds/jets  start  their  travel  at  active  stars  &  galaxies  and  after  up  to  17  billion  years  of  
space  travel,  enter  these  "voids"  "to  ever  rest  there  irreversibly".    

The  cold  expanding  voids  thus  become  the  largest    "Cosmic  Dumping  
Space",  "Universal  Sink",  or  "cemetery"  between  all  super-­‐clusters  of  
(non-­‐expanding)  galaxies  shown  here  as  "filaments"  and  "walls".  
NOTES:   The   winds-­‐jets   enter   each   cosmic   void   from   all   directions   (Represented   by   the   4  
yellow   arrows),   thereby,   with   back-­‐force   (Momentum   conservation)   like   the   thrust   driving  
rockets   and   jet   engines,   they   push/accelerate   the   "walls"   away,   the   so   called   accelerated  
EXPANSION  OF  THE  UNIVERSE,    

v WHEREFORE:    These  expanding,  coldest  "voids-­‐sinks"  become  the  


v MASTER  ARROW  OF  TIME,    
v ROOT-­‐CAUSE  of  the  SECOND  LAW  OF  THERMODYNAMICS,    
v POINT  of  STARTING  TEACHING  of  unified  SCIENCE,    
v Unified  PHYSICS    
v Unified  EVOLUTION=HISTORY  of  LIFE  and  of  all  STRUCTURES    
v UNDER  EINSTEIN's  GRAVITY  PHYSICS,  General  Relativity.  See  below.  
 

  15  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehension:  The  marked  yellow  "winds-­‐jets"  enter  all  voids  from  all  directions.    

BASIC   CLASSICAL   PHYSICS:   Subject   to   momentum   conservation,   these   "winds-­‐jets"   push  


back,  and  away,  all  non-­‐expanding,  by  gravity,  "matter-­‐filaments-­‐walls"  of  super-­‐clusters  of  
millions   galaxies   around   each,   evenly   distributed   voids,   Fig.   3.   Said   thermodynamic   and  
thrusting   processes   cause   the   well-­‐verified   Einstein-­‐Hubble   inertial   expansion,   since   the  
'BIG  BANG',  to  accelerate  the  expansion.      

Wherefore,   there   is   no   need   to   speculate   on   immeasurable   dark-­‐energy   that   is   claimed   to  


fill-­‐up   the   entire   cosmos   and   our   solar   system   to   account   for   the   1998-­‐discovered  
acceleration  of  the  Einstein-­‐Hubble  expansion  and  accordingly  to  change  Einsteinian  Gravity  
Physics,  EGP,  or  GENERAL  RELATIVITY.  

RECAP:   Inside   each   void   the   "winds-­‐jets"   clash   in   virtual   "adiabatic   surfaces",   Fig.   2,   and  
dissipate  there  irreversibly  as  the  end  of  their  cosmic  travel,  some  as  long  as  17  billion  years.  

Preliminary   Origin   Conclusions:   These   verified   thermodynamic   processes   provide   the   root-­‐
cause  for:  

1) The   cosmological   origin   of   theoretical   physics,   including   the   second   law   of  


thermodynamics,    
2) The  origin  of  all  observed  time  asymmetries,    
3) The  origin  of  all  life  evolution.  [14-­‐20].    
4) The  philosophy  of  Gravitism  based  on  EGP,  
5) The   unequivocally   proof   that   dark-­‐energy   does   not   account   for   the   1998-­‐discovered  
acceleration   of   the   Einstein-­‐Hubble   expansion   of   the   universe,   because   simple  
classical  physics  and  astronomy,  do  it  herein.  
6) That  claims  based  on  immeasurable  dark  energy  are  misleading  and  wrong,    
7) That   to   associate   dark   energy   with   demands   to   "correct"   well-­‐verified   EGP   is  
tantamount  to  (a)  The  greatest  mistake  in  Science,  (b)  The  greatest  loss  of  trust  in  
today's   theoretical   physics   and   in   scientific   periodicals   that   support   dark   energy  
during  the  last  18  years.    
8) Supporting  similar  issues  raised  by  string  theories  are  presented  in  Appendix  A.  

These  preliminary  conclusions  are  further  defined,  explained  and  proved  by  Figures  2  to  3    

  16  
 
 
 
 
 
 
and  demonstrated  by  Thought  Experiment  provided  below.  
 

 
Figure  2:  "DARK  ENERGY  HOAX"  from  the  "Astrophysical  School's"  point  of  view,  Figure  
taken  from  page  283  in  our  book  "Cosmology,  Physics  and  Philosophy",  [Published  reviews  on  
this  "Astrophysical  School"  are  provided  below].  

VOIDS   EQUIVALENCE:   Due   to   observed   uniform   distribution   of   the   voids   in   intergalactic  


space,  Fig.  3,  the  study  of  one  is  closely  equivalent  to  the  study  of  all,  namely,  the  sole  root-­‐
cause   of   all   irreversible   processes   in   the   cosmos   is   originated   by   these   expanding-­‐cooling  
voids;   from   about   4,000   degrees   at   radiation-­‐dominated-­‐era-­‐end,   down   to   2.7   degrees   K   that  
currently  rules  all  cold  voids.  

CLUSTERS   I   and   II   represent   all   super-­‐clusters   of   galaxies.   The   marked   EXPANDING,  


UNSATURABLE,   SPACE   "1"   represents   the   expanding   voids   shown   in   NASA-­‐MAP   Fig.   3.   The  
voids   are   located   between   all   Super-­‐clusters   of   galaxies   shown   in   the   Map,   or   in   similar  
published   maps   of   the   visible   universe.   It   is   the   largest   dumping   space,   or   "sink"   of   the  
universe.   Much   larger   then   any   BLACK   HOLE   can   provide.   In   fact,   all   radiation   flowing   into  
SPACE-­‐1,  from  stars  and  galaxies,  end  their  travel  there  

  17  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depression  in  energy-­‐density  gradients  between  Clusters  I  and  II  represents  gradients  inside  
the  expanding  voids.  Nearby  expanding  voids  are  half-­‐shown.  Energy-­‐gradients  in  intergalactic  
SPACE-­‐2,   which   wraps   all   non-­‐expanding   clusters   and   super-­‐clusters   of   galaxies,   and  
interstellar  SPACE-­‐3  located  inside  each  galaxy,  as  marked.  

"Adiabatic   walls"   are   virtual   surfaces   that   encage   each   expanding   void   and   thus   prevent   net  
energy   flow   from   one   expanding   void   to   another   due   to   their   uniform   distribution   in   space.  
[Figure   3].   Energy   still   flows   through   this   surface   in   opposing   directions,   but   the   net   value   is  
zero.      

By   rocket-­‐type   reaction,   the   winds-­‐jets   that   enter   each   void   from   all   directions   push   out   the  
"walls"   of   non-­‐expanding,   super-­‐clusters   of   galaxies   around   each,   causing   acceleration   of   the  
left-­‐over  EINSTEIN-­‐HUBBLE  expansion  inertia.  Wrongly  the  detected  acceleration  is  claimed  as  
caused   by   a   mysterious   "dark   energy"   that   "fills   the   entire   universe",   thus   'requires'  correcting  
a  mistake  in  Einsteinian  Gravity  Physics.  

  18  
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Figure  3:      Dark,  coldest,  expanding  "Empty  Spaces",  or  "Voids",  are  located  
between  all  v.  non-­‐expanding  "filaments"  or  "walls"  of  super-­‐clusters  of  galaxies:    

The   dark,   coldest,   expanding   VOIDS   are   evenly   distributed   between   the   super-­‐
clusters  of  galaxies,  some  are  marked  in  pink.  Each  void  encounters  fast,  incoming  
inter-­‐galactic/interstellar   "winds"   as   radiation   "jets".   An   example   is   marked   with  
yellow   arrows   in   Fig.   1.   Two   rules   of   physics   take   place   RE   the   root-­‐cause   of   the  
1998-­‐discovery  of  accelerated  expansion  of  the  universe:    

  19  
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
(i)   momentum   conservation,   which   control   rocket-­‐type   thrust   that   pushes   away  
the  non-­‐expanding  filaments  and  walls  of  the  super-­‐clusters  around  each  void,    

(ii)  the  effect  of  (i)  on  inertia  that  control  the  Einstein-­‐Hubble  expansion  since  the  
Big-­‐Bang.  Theorists  identified  below  claim  that  the  1998-­‐detected  acceleration  
in   the   expansion   of   the   universe   is   caused   by   mysterious   "dark   energy"   that  
fills   the   entire   universe,   and   accordingly,   physics   must   be   "corrected"   to   fit  
their  "Dark  Energy  Speculations".  

 
                             
 
 
   

Figure   4:     SPACE-­‐"2"   wraps   all  


non-­‐expanding  galaxies  [Fig.  2]  and  all  
             non-­‐expanding    SPACE-­‐"3"  
where super-fast, interstellar
winds,
flow out to SPACE-"2" and  next,  
permanently  and  irreversibly  
dissipate  in  the  coldest,  expanding    
SPACE-­‐"1",  Fig.  2,  composed  of  
cold,  dark,  expanding  VOIDS  
located  between  the  Super-­‐Clusters  of  galaxies.  [Figures  2  &  3].      
 
 All  images  from  author's  books  &  Wikipedia.

  20  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure  5:  No  proof  was  ever  established  that  these  "Hail-­‐Cannons"  do  anything  but  
raise   loud   noise,   fool   media   editors,   the   public,   donors   and   government   to   fund  
otherwise   needed   moneys   for   better   education,   health   programs,   the   army,   and  
helping  the  poor  and  elders.  
 
             Claims   made   today   by   about   400   theorists   at   Fermilab,   Universities   of   Chicago,  
Pennsylvania,   Ohio   State,   UCL   &   Argonne   National   Lab,   DOE,   NSF,   IEEC,   IFAE,   OzDEZ,  
NOAD,  NCSA,  SLAC,  CTIO,  LMU  in  Germany,  UK  Consortium,  universities  in  London,  and  
supported   by   SCIENCE-­‐AAAS,   are   voided   by   (a)   applying   simple   momentum  
conservation   which   unequivocally   proves   that   "dark   energy"   is   nothing   but   Chimera,  
(b)  resorting  to  Chimerian  base  &  immeasurable  "dark  energy",  to  claim  that  Einstein  
Gravity  Physics  is  wrong,  (c)    maintaining  (a)  &  (b)  results  in  the  greatest  mistake  in  
Science,  generated  by  theorists  and  supported  by  SCIENCE-­‐AAAS.  
 

  21  
 
 
 
 
 
 
                 Within   organized   shows,   some   Chimerian   players   throw   up   "dark-­‐hail",   which  
instead  of  falling  back  by  gravity,  is  speeding  up  to  the  sky,  whereby  they  (i)  fool  fellow  
scientists,   media   editors,   the   public,   donors   &   international   governments,   to   raise  
astronomical   funds   for   space   craft   &   instrumentation   aimed   to   measure   the  
immeasurable   "dark   hail",     (ii)   exploit   the   1998-­‐discovery   that   the   universe   is   NOT  
slowing   down   its   expansion   by   gravity,   but,   by   "dark   hail",   is   accelerating,   (iii)   help   sell  
computer-­‐simulations  as  "tests"  of  claimed  Chimera  properties  that  dictate  to  "correct"  
Einstein  Gravity  Physics.  Details  below.  

Why  EINSTEIN  was    HORRIFIED?  


Einstein   published   his   Gravity   Physics,   known   as   General   Relativity,   in   November   1915,  
post  checking  if  it  correctly  predicts  published,  irregular,  precise,  motions  of  the  planet  
Mercury.  He  found  total  agreement  with  said  astronomical  observations,  agreement  that  
no  other  theory  had  accomplished  before.  
 
In   1918-­‐1919   his   field   equations   were   re-­‐confirmed   by   correctly   predicting   the   gravity-­‐
induced,  bending  of  light  passing  near  a  large  mass,  in  this  first  case,  the  sun.  
 
Next,  a  Russian  mathematician  proved  that  Einstein's  Field  Equations,  when  applied  to  
cosmology,  show  that  Einstein's  cosmos  cannot  stay  stable,  it  must  expand  or  contract.  
Einstein  was  horrified.  Strong  social  and  religious  pressures  forced  him  to  add  a  simple  
constant  to  his  equations,  to  make  his  world  "stable".  
 
A   few   years   later,   Hubble,   in   the   U.S.,   proved   that,   indeed,   our   universe   is   expanding,  
that,  in  fact,  all  galaxies  run  away  from  each  other.  
 
Einstein  had  thus  predicted  what  Hubble  proved  later:    We  live  in  an  expanding  universe,  
and   because   it   has   been   expanding,   there   had   been   a   "beginning",   which   nowadays   is  
called  "Big  Bang",  but  should  be  termed  "Einstein  Genesis",  or  "Einstein-­‐Bang".      
 

  22  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Most   famously,   Einstein   next   rejected   this   Ghost   Number,   partly   as   WARNING   to  
SCIENTISTS  to  avoid  Fooling  Themselves,  and  mainly  characterizing  his  own  yielding  to  
add   it   to   his   well-­‐verified   world   equations,   the   most   misleading-­‐intervening   social  
pressure  in  science,  and  the  "worse  blunder"  of  his  life.  
 

A  Thought  Experiment  
 

  T omorrow   the   voids   expansion   stops   and   temperatures   in   SPACES   3   to   1   gradually  

rise  to  those  in  the  center  of  stars  or  galactic  centers,  eventually,  thermal  equilibrium  is  
reached,   by   which   all   processes   stop.   THUS,   (a)   stellar   evolution,   which   produces   the  
building   blocks   of   life,   is   impossible   without   energy   the   expansion   and   without   the  
energy-­‐density   marked   in   Fig.   2,   gradients   generated   by   said   expanding-­‐cooling   of   the  
voids,   (b)   Expansion   of   SPACE-­‐1   causes   outflowing   radiation   (interstellar   winds,   or   jets,  
Fig.   3]   emerging   from   active   stars   and   galaxies,   to   gradually   proceed   to   SPACE-­‐2   and  
dissipated  in  SPACE-­‐1.  
 
A  note  on  the  1964-­‐discovered  Cosmic  black-­‐body  radiation:  It  is  a  remnant,  left-­‐over,  
radiation   glow   that   has   expanded   with   VOIDS/SPACE-­‐1   during   about   17   billion   years.   It   is  
cooled   by   the   expansion   itself   from   about   4,000-­‐3,000   K   to   about   270   degrees   below  
zero   C.   Accordingly,   this   black-­‐body   radiation   provides   one   of   the   direct   proofs   that  
VOIDS/SPACE-­‐1  has  expanded  and  is  forming  the  sole  universal,  thermodynamic  "sink"  in  
the  cosmos.  
 
A  note  on  Black  holes:  These  are  local  "sinks"  whose  energy  dissipating  capacities  form  
important  research  subjects  but  so  far  do  not  provide  the  sole  universal  sink.  
 
 CONCLUSION-­‐I:   Our   simple   technical   proof   denies   and   replaces   a   mystic,   immeasurable,  
dark   energy   that   fills   the   entire   cosmos   as   own-­‐generated   by   armies   of   proponents   who  

  23  
 
 
 
 
 
 
extract  billions  for  space-­‐craft,  instrumentation  and  activities  based  on  baseless  claims  that  
are  not  only  misleading  and  fooling  fellow  scientists,  media  editors  and  the  public,  but,  to  
put  it  short:  Are  nothing  but  18-­‐years  re-­‐sold  Chimera  to  the  government  and  the  public.  

CONCLUSION-­‐II:   Said   Dark-­‐Energy   Armies,   "DEA"   are   composed   of   highly-­‐devoted  


proponents   who   fool   themselves   and   sponsors   to   finance   their   grand   Chimera,   partly  
because  they  fail  to  account  for  their  inability  to  read  and  comprehend  this  counter-­‐dark-­‐
energy-­‐proof.  In  short:      

(i)       DEA   resurrect   a   Misleading,   Ghost   Number,   Historically   and   Wrongly   Called  
"Cosmological   Constant",   which   is   nothing   but   a   "Socio-­‐Religious   Prejudice  
Constant",   or   "SoRePreC",   enforced   on   gentle   Einstein   to   add   to   his   well-­‐
verified   Gravity   Field   Equations   to   stop   the   socially-­‐unwanted   expanding  
universe  predicted  by  his  famous,  well-­‐verified  equations.    

(ii)   DEA   reject   and/or   ignore   verified   astrophysical   evidence   used   by   this  
Astrophysical   School,   which   empties   their   own-­‐generated,   "Dark   Energy"   for  
which  they  ask  the  government  to  pay  for.  

(iii)     DEA   reject   and/or   ignore   verified   facts   and   laws   of   physics   presented   by   this  
school,  which  unequivocally,  fully  account  for  the  1998-­‐detected  acceleration,  
and    

(iv)    DEA  reject  the  best  and  well-­‐verified  Einstein  Gravity  Physics  as  "wrong",  and  

(v)      DEA  demand  to  "correct"  the  well-­‐verified  Einstein  Gravity  Physics,  and  

(vi)  DEA  demand  that  other  fellow  scientists  adopt  their  dreams  formulations,  some  
of  which  are  based  on  other  wrongs  by  unverifiable  string  theories,  and    

 (vii)  DEA  demand  that  governments  endlessly  finance  their  dreams  by  huge  budgets  
in  space-­‐crafts,  space  research  and  academic  education  aimed  to  maintain  alive  
their  Chimerian  dreams.    

  24  
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONCLUSION   III:   Such   empty   claims   only   bring   a   sad-­‐end   to   global   trusting   of   theoretical  
physics.   To   save   this   trust   and   wasted   $-­‐billions,   universities   and   governments   should  
dismantled  these  Dark-­‐Energy  Armies.  

CONCLUSION   IV:   Reference   7   details   the   chain   of   processes   ruled   by   the   2nd   Law   of  
Thermodynamics.  This  chain  includes  the  generation  of  the  chemical  building  elements  of  
life   inside   massive   stars,   and   supernova   explosions   that   spread   the   elements   in   SPACE-­‐3,  
the   origin   of   the   solar   system   and   earth   from   the   sole   origin   of   all:   The   Master  
Cosmological   Expansion   of   VOIDS/SPACE-­‐1   as   has   been   established   since   1969-­‐1972   by  
our   Astrophysical   School   of   Relativistic   and   Classical   Thermodynamics   and   Time  
Asymmetries.  [14-­‐20].  

Mathematical  Mistakes  in  Physics  Corrected  


by  The  Astrophysical  School    
On  pages  267-­‐283  of  Cosmology,  Physics  and  Philosophy,  "THE  FAILURE  OF  CLASSICAL  
AND  QUANTAL  STATISTICAL  MECHANICS  TO  DEDUCE  IRREVERSIBILITY  AND  TIME  
ASYMMETRIES"  is  proved.    A  few  resulting  examples:    
(a)     A   common   mathematical   practice   to   resort   to   prediction   that   rejects  
retrodiction  to  support  desired  wishes  to  extract  "proofs"  of  the  origin  of  
irreversibility   in   nature   e.g.,   the   famous   Boltzmann   Theorem,   or   more  
recently,   the   wrong   "proof"   advanced   by   the   late   Nobel   Prize   Winner   I.  
Prigogine,  is  stressed  first  by  this  school.  

(b)        A  common  acceptance  of  retarded  solutions  of  wave  equations  in  static  vs.    
expanding   cosmos,   while   rejecting   advanced   solutions.   [Cf.   John   Wheeler's  
comment  in  Reviews  below],  is  also  stressed  by  this  school.    

(c)       A   common   wrong   in   accepting   only   initial   conditions   vs.   rejecting   final  
conditions   when   one   starts   formulations   with   symmetric   mathematics   to  
provide   the   sought-­‐after   "proof"   in   asymmetric   mathematics,   is   also  
exposed  by  this  school.  

  25  
 
 
 
 
 
 
(d)       Similar   common   mistakes   are   detailed   in   Ref.   19.   They   amount   to  
smuggling   irreversibility   into   symmetric   mathematics   without   declaring  
the  contraband.    

Published  Reviews  on  Previous  Editions  


 
"This  is  a  great  book,  and  an  exciting  book;  
readable,  worth  reading  and  enlightening."                                                                          
 
Sir  Karl  Popper,  The  greatest  philosopher  of  
science  in  the  previous  century  
   
"I  do  not  know  a  better  modern  expression  of  
science,  philosophy  and  classical  humanism  
than  that  of  Gal-­‐Or’s  book."                                                                                  
HaAretz  News  Paper  
 
"We  are  all  Gal-­‐Orians  !  "                                                                                                          
                                                     Editor,  Foundations  of  Physics  
 
"Gal-­‐Or  launches  a  new  spirit  of  inquiry  by  his  excellent  and  thought  provoking  writings.        
I  would  recommend  awarding  a  prize  and  would  hope  that  this  would  serve  to  focus  
attention  on  a  most  important  subject.”                              Gold  Award  by  N.Y.  Academy  of  Sciences                        

"Evokes  a  person  heart.    Has  generated  a  large  number  of  responses  from  around  the  
world,    some  declaring  that  it  has  turned  them  into  “Gal-­‐Orians”.                                                                            
Since  the  thought  presented  by  this  book  is  so  rich,  translators  of  our  country  should  
recommend  this  book  with  all  their  intellectual  power."                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Chinese  Academy  of  Sciences  


  26  
 
 
 
 
 
 
"A  Master  Piece.  
The  well-­‐known  author  bases  his  philosophy  on  a  very  sound  knowledge  of  present-­‐day  
scientific  theories.  "                                                                                                                                                                    Indian  Journal  of  Physics  
         
Einstein's Portrait by Evelyne Katz, 1986, with Permission  
 
"The  works  of  scientists  like  Gal-­‐
Or,  Bohm,  and  (Noble  Prize-­‐
Winner)  Prigogine  provide  
important  resources.  Prigogine's  
formalisms  do  not  really  tell  us  
how  irreversible  change  emerges  
from  reversible  [mathematics].  (in  
this  Gal-­‐Or  is  superior)."                                                                                                                                                                  
The  Crisis  of  the  Sciences  
 
"Einstein's  time-­‐symmetric  tensor  
was  elevated  by  Gal-­‐Or’s  “New  
Astronomical  School  of  Unified  
Thermodynamics”  to  the  status  of  
the  source  of  “Master  
Asymmetry”  controlling  not  only  
irreversible  thermodynamics,  but  all  physical  and  biological  phenomena!.    
           Gal-­‐Or  calls  “GRAVITISM”  (his  philosophy)  that  gravitation  is  the  prime  cause  of  
structures,  irreversibility,  time,  geo-­‐chemical  and  biological  evolution  -­‐-­‐  that  the  
expansion  of  the  universe  is  the  cause  of    the  second  law  of  thermodynamics  -­‐-­‐  that  
microscopic  physics,  and  thermodynamics  in  particular,  cannot  be  understood  without  
reference  to  cosmology.  
               He  ties  “irreversibility”  to  the  “expansion  of  space  itself”,  i.e.  as  far  as  space  is  
expanding,  the  contribution  of  all  kinds  of  radiation  in  space  is  weakened  “irreversibly”  
due  to  the  expansion  phenomenon  itself.  

  27  
 
 
 
 
 
 
             Such  loss,  or  “degradation”  of  energy  in  the  depth  of  inter-­‐cluster  expanding  space,  
may  then  be  considered  as  a  universal  sink  for  all  the  radiation  flowing  out  of  the  material  
bodies  in  the  expanding  universe.”                                Advancement  of  Physics  
 
"Gal-­‐Or’s  “beauty”  has  always  been  the  object  of  science,  which,  he  lyrically  observes  as    
“a  most  fundamental  aesthetic  frame  of  mind,    
a  longing  for  the  run-­‐away  horizons  of  truth  and  symmetry    
that  we  always  try  to  reach.”                        Order  Amidst  Chaos,  Enlightenment  Aesthetics  
           
                       Recommended  by  Encyclopedia  Britannica,  "Nature,  Philosophy  of"  
 
"This  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  books  that  I  have  read."                      Outstanding  Books  List  
 
"Tour  de  force.  A  magnificent  and  sustained  piece  of  work!    
Gal-­‐Or’s  net  is  widely  cast  –  it  reaches  as  far  as  science  policy  and  political  philosophy."                                
A.  Cottrell,  V.  Chancellor,  Cambridge  University    
 
"Appeals  to  scientists  of  all  disciplines  who  are  prepared  to  open  their  minds.  Shines  a  
welcome  light  in  some  dark  corners  of  science.    
Sir  Karl  Popper,  in  a  Foreword,  correctly  describes  it  “a  great  book”.    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 New  Scientist  Magazine  

AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  PHYSICS:  

“Gal-­‐Or's  remarkable  book  sees  and  seizes  the  world  whole.                                        

           He  emphasizes  that  all  scientists  operate  under  some  set  of  philosophical  prejudices,  
and  that  failure  to  acknowledge  this  is  self-­‐delusion.  Furthermore,  he  argues  that  a  failure  
to  attend  to  the  philosophical  base  of  physics  leads  to  an  empty  scientism.  

           His   work   is   challenging   on   many   levels,   constituting   a   review   'with   derivations'   of  


general   relativity     'as   applied   to   cosmology',  thermodynamics,  the   current   state   of  
theoretical   particle   physics,   astrophysics,     as   well   as   a   summary     history   of   western    
  28  
 
 
 
 
 
 
philosophy,    'especially   the   philosophies   of   time   and   mind'     and   critiques   of   western  
society,     the   intelligentsia   and   the   relationship   between   academic   science   and  
government.  

           One  'and  perhaps  the  central'  theme  explored,  is  that  of  the  interplay  between  
symmetry  and  asymmetry.  
           His  primary  interest  is  not  in  the  recent  progress  in  the  unification  of  forces  in  gauge  
theory,  although  he  finds  support  in  it  for  his  Einsteinian  outlook,  but  is  rather  time,  time's  
arrow,  and  the  asymmetry  between  past  and  future.  Around  time  are  accumulated  
discussions,  both  mathematical  and  philosophical,  of  thermodynamic  reversibility,  time  
reversibility,  the  nature  of  causality,  and  the  use  of  advanced  and  retarded  solutions  to  
wave  equations.  
           The  second  major  theme  is  that  of  gravity  and  its  overwhelming  domination  of  the  
actual  form  of  the  universe,  at  all  scales.  
The  combination  of  these  themes  is  not  accidental;  they  are  point  and  counterpoint  to  his  
thesis  that  the  time  asymmetries  are  connectable  to  and  perhaps  even  determined  by  the  
master  asymmetry  given  by  the  gravity  of  general  relativity:    the  remorseless  cosmological  
expansion.  
           He  argues  that  only  the  expansion  can  provide  the  unification  of  time  asymmetries.  
           The  expansion  provides,  among  other  things,  an  unsaturable  sink  for  radiation,  which,  
in  turn,  permits  the  establishment  of  gradients  in  temperature  and  density,  which  provide  
the  basis  for  the  physical  process  that  leads  to  life.  
           He  also  criticizes  the  sloppy  and  improper  use  of  the  concepts  of  entropy  'and  the  
related  notions  in  information  theory'  and  quantum  indeterminism,  especially  as  covers  
for  an  inadequate  understanding  of  temporal  asymmetries.  
           Taking  an  Einsteinian  position  on  the  interpretation  of  quantum  mechanics,  he  looks  
forward  to  revitalization  of  Einstein's  quest  for  a  deterministic  interpretation  of  quantum  
events.      The  value  of  this  book  lies  in  the  challenging  combination  of  ideas  which  Gal-­‐Or  
presents,  which  goes  far  beyond  what  can  be  sensibly  described  in  a  review.  

  29  
 
 
 
 
 
 
           [This]  work  may  be  too  large  to  digest  as  a  text  in  these  days  of  the  decline  of      
academic    institutions  "as  Gal-­‐Or  describes  them",  but  that  will  be  the  loss  of  both  the  
faculty  and  the  students.”                                                                                    AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  PHYSICS  

“One  of  the  best  books  on  the  totality  of  the  sciences  &  the  universe.  It  was  one  of  the  
favorite  books  of  Sir  Karl  Popper.  It  looks  at  physics  and  the  universe  as  a  totality  of  the  
mathematical  philosophical  understanding.  It  also  combines  the  physical  concept  of  time  
with  human  psychological  perception  and  brain  understanding  of  languages.”  
                                                                                                                                                               Robin  forumhub.com/expr/@202.54.92.222  
 
           “I  have  in  the  meantime  studied  your  book,  with  great  interest,  and  made  pages  of  
notes  on  it.  
             I  feel  as  if  I  had  been  on  numerous  walks  and  talks  with  you  on  the  great  questions,  
and  know  that  would  be  great  to  go  on  with  them!    
           Who  cannot  be  impressed  by  your  love  for  the  great  men  of  all  times  and  all  countries,  
by  your  phrase  “working  back  and  forth  between  theory  and  fact”,  by  your  belief  that  
philosophy  is  too  important  to  be  left  to  the  philosophers,  by  your  concern  for  where  
thought  and  language  lie  in  the  scheme  of  things  –  and  by  so  much  more!  
           I  continue  to  reflect,  again  and  again,  on  your  central  thesis  that  expansion  is  the  origin  
of  all  asymmetry  in  time.  
           What  an  ingenious  phrase  is  your,  “smuggle  irreversibility  in  without  declaring  the  
contraband”!  
           I  regard  your  book  as  seeking  to  accomplish  two  tasks  –  and  being  two  books  –  at  the  
very  least  One  is  the  exposition  of  your  central  thesis,  with  clarity,  and  careful  mustering  
of  every  argument  pro  and  con  that  can  lead  to  testable  consequences.  
           I  don’t  see  how  it  is  possible  to  do  proper  justice  to  a  thesis  of  such  importance  by  
mixing  it  in  with  the  other  great  task.  
That  is  to  give  students  an  appreciation  of  the  unity  of  philosophy  and  modern  physics.    
You  do  both  tasks  far  better  than  I  could  hope  to.  
           I  give  you  my  personal  thanks  for  putting  the  two  books  into  a  package  that  I  
personally  have  found  most  thought-­‐provoking.”  
 
                                             Prof.  John  A.  Wheeler,  Institute  for  Advanced  Studies,  Princeton  University  
 
 

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“An  interesting  and  original  book,  easy  to  read,  interesting  and  fascinating.”                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                                                                     Novo  Cimento  Science  Magazine  
 
"Interesting  to  read,  integrating  much  of  scientific  material."  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Deutsche  Literatur-­‐zeitung  

“A  comprehensive  explication  of  a  large  area  of  science  which  the  reader  may  study  in  
many  subjects.”                                                                                                                                                                                                            Contemporary  Philosophy  

"Your  book  “was  /  is  an  inspiration  in  my  life”                          European  reader,  2011/  Facebook  

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