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I. INTRODUCTION
All the existing video compression standards are based
on the hybrid scheme of the Motion compensation (MC)
and the discrete cosine transform (DCT). The latest video
compression standard H.264 provides better compression
than the previous standards. In this standard, the hybrid
scheme is fully optimized and there is no point to exploit it
further [2].
With emerging wireless and mobile applications, there Fig. 1 Wavalet based video compression scheme
has been considerable amount of research in the area of For the implementation of MCTF, it is required to find
the Medical video compression at very low bit rates in the motion vectors (MV), while a Haar transform requires
particular, Telemedicine applications. The high bit rates MV for every frame pair. In case of Le Gall 5/3 transform
that result form the various types of digital video make implementation, MV is required for every consecutive
their transmission through their intended channels very frame which is twice in number as that of Haar [1]. But in
difficult. Therefore there is a need for the video our proposed scheme, we used only one MV and obtained
the backward MV as the opposite sign of the first one. For
compression.Wavelet based video technique has recently
small search range, the MV between the frames can be
received much attention and provides good competitor for considered to be linear. The Le Gall 5/3 transform is
Hybrid Scheme (MC/DCT). Compared to DCT of size 4*4 implemented using the following lifting steps [3][8].
or 8*8, a multi level spatial wavelet transform is more
Ht[m, n] = X2t−1[m, n] Ѹ 0.5( X2t[m Ѹ dm, n Ѹ dn] + X2t−2[m Ѹ
effective in removing the spatial redundancy, especially
bm, n Ѹ bn]).
for videos of high spatial resolution. This paper is
organized as follows: Section I describes the proposed Lt[m, n] = X2t[m, n] + 0.25(Ht+1[m Ѹ dm, n Ѹ dn] +Ht[m Ѹ
scheme and the traditional scheme of implementation of bm, n Ѹ bn]),
longer filters for MCTF with results and Section II where Lt and Ht are the temporal low and temporal high
describes Conclusions & future scope. subbands and X2t, X2t-1, X2t-2 are the input frames.
Copyright © 2008 by Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology 243
M EDICAL A PPLICATIONS
iv) Le Gall 5/3 for MCTF and a 2D Le Gall 5/3 for spatial
filtering TABLE IV
USING 5/3 FOR MCTF AND 2D HAAR FOR A THRESHOLD OF (45,2)
Here, we considered four sequences where the
sequence_1 is a medical video of CT_SKULL, since the Sequence (256*256) Mean CR MeanPSNR (dB)
background in the video frames is uniform with a little
motion the CR achieved is phenomenally very high at high Sequence_2 531.65 32.89
thresholds (low bit rates). As similar to above features, a
non-medical sequence is selected (sequence_2) which gives Sequence_3 80.75 28.59
a high CR. For the sequence_3, a total change in the
background sequence is selected, gives a moderate CR. A Sequence_4 22.74 30.3
non-uniform background (poor spatial redundancy)
sequence (sequence_4) with a small movement is
considered which gives a very low CR. TABLE V
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M EDICAL A PPLICATIONS
III. SECTION II [2] Demin Wang, Andr Vincent, Liang Zhang, “Codec from Canada,
CRC-WVC, outperforms H.264 video with wavelets”, January 2007.
A. Conclusions
[3] Abhijeet Golwelkar, “Motion compensated temporal filtering and
It has been observed that the Haar for MCTF and 2D – motion vector coding using longer filters”, PhD Thesis, Electrical
engineering, RPI, 2004.
Le Gall 5/3 transform gives better PSNR than H.264
Baseline profile at low bit rates (higher thresholds). While [4] Michael D. Adams, Faouzi Kossentini, “Reversible integer-to-integer
with 5/3 transform for MCTF (proposed scheme) and 2D- wavelet transforms for image compression: performance evaluation
Le Gall 5/3 transform gives better PSNR than H.264 and analysis”, 2000, IEEE.
Baseline profile at all bit rates. Hence our new scheme
provides a good CR and PSNR as compared to H.264 [5] Andrew Secker, David Taubman, “Highly scalable video compression
Baseline profile, provided a fixed search range of 2. The using a lifting-based 3D wavelet transform with deformable mesh
Wavelet based video codec implemented in this paper is motion compensation”, Proc. ICIP, p: III – 273-6, 14-17 Sept. 2003,
capable of an alternative to H.264 Base line profile. Barcelona, Spain.
Conceptually a P frame can alone be introduced using one
[6] Iain E.G. Richardson, “ H.264 and MPEG-4 Video compression”.
MV, while in our proposed scheme creates an illusion that a
B-frame is inserted using a single MV, which gives better [7] Draft ITU-T Recommendation and final Draft International standard
performance at low computational complexity. of Joint video specification (ITU-T Rec. H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10
AVC), Eighth meeting: Geneva, Switzerland, 23-27 May 2003.
With the traditional implementation of MCTF using
Le Gall 5/3 WT, both forward and backward motion [8]. I. Daubechies and W. Sweldens, “Factoring wavelet transforms into
vectors are calculated individually. Wavelet based video lifting steps,” J. Fourier Anal. Appl., Vol. 4 (no. 3), pp. 247-269,
coding has an advantage that once a video is encoded at a 1998.
given resolution and quality, video with various lower
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