3 Magnesium is a metal.

(a) Describe the structure and bonding in magnesium.

(b) Why can magnesium conduct electricity when solid?

(c) Why is magnesium malleable?

(d) Magnesium reacts with sulfur to form the ionic compound

magnesium sulfide, MgS.

The diagrams show the electronic structures of atoms of magnesium and sulfur.
Mg S

(i) Complete the diagrams to show the electronic structures of

the ions in magnesium sulfide. Show the charges on the ions.

(ii) Ionic compounds, such as magnesium sulfide, do not conduct

electricity when solid. Magnesium sulfide does not dissolve in
water. Magnesium sulfide does conduct electricity under certain conditions.

State the conditions needed for magnesium sulfide to conduct

electricity. Explain why magnesium sulfide conducts electricity under
these conditions.

(c) Silicon has a giant structure which is similar to the structure of diamond.

(i) Name the type of bond which is present between silicon atoms in silicon.
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(ii) Suggest two physical properties of silicon. Use your knowledge of structure and
bonding to explain why silicon has these physical properties.
property
1 ...........................................................................................................................
reason
1 ..............................................................................................................................
property
2 ...........................................................................................................................
reason
2 ..............................................................................................................................

Carbon dioxide, CO2, is a gas at room temperature and pressure, whereas

silicon(IV) oxide, SiO2, is a solid.

(i) Name the type of structure which the following compounds have.
carbondioxide
(ii)
(iii) silicon(IV) oxide
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(ii) Use your knowledge of structure and bonding to explain why carbon
dioxide is a gas at room temperature and pressure, whereas silicon(IV)
oxide is a solid.
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(f) Silicon(IV) oxide is an acidic oxide. When silicon(IV) oxide reacts with
alkalis, the salts formed contain the ion SiO32–. Write a chemical
equation for the reaction between silicon(IV) oxide and aqueous sodium
hydroxide.

Q. Potassium reacts with bromine at room temperature to form potassium bromide.

(a) Write a chemical equation for this reaction. Include state symbols.
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(b) (b) Potassium bromide exists as an ionic lattice. Potassium bromide does
not conduct electricity when solid but does conduct electricity when molten.
(i) What is meant by the term ionic lattice?
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(ii) Explain why potassium bromide does not conduct electricity when solid
but does conduct electricity when molten.
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(c) Concentrated aqueous potassium bromide is an electrolyte. (i) What is
meant by the term electrolyte?
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(ii) Describe the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous potassium bromide.
Include: ● an ionic half-equation for the reaction at the cathode ● the name
of the product at the anode ● the name of the potassium compound formed.
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(iii) When molten potassium bromide is electrolysed, the product at the
cathode is different.
Name the product at the cathode when molten potassium bromide is
electrolysed.
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(d) Iodine reacts with chlorine to form iodine monochloride, ICl, as the only
product. (i) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
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(ii) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a
molecule of iodine monochloride. Show outer shell electrons only.
[2]

(e) Potassium bromide has a melting point of 734 °C. Iodine monochloride
has a melting point of 27 °C.

In terms of attractive forces, explain why there is a large difference between

these melting points.