FOUNDATION RUBBLE STONE

Written By:
AJI SANTOSO
2 PJJ-A
061740111400

CIVIL ENGINEERING
POLYTHECHNIC OF SRIWIJAYA
PALEMBANG
TAHUN 2018/2019
 PREFACE

First at all, give thanks for God’s love and grace for us. Thanks to God for helping me and
give me chance to finish this assighment timely. And I would like to say thank you to Mrs.
Hanni, SPd, M.Pd as the lecturer that always teaches us and give much knowledge about
how to practice English well.

Palembang, March 2018

Aji Santoso

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ............................................................................................................... i
TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................................... ii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................... 1
1.2 Formulation of The Problem ..................................................... 1
1.3 Purpose ...................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER II: DISCUSSION ................................................................................. 3
. 1.1 Definition of Concrete............................................................... 3
1.2 Types of Portland Cement......................................................... 4
1.3 Aggregates................................................................................ 4
1.4 Types of Concrete...................................................................... 4
CHAPTER III: CONCLUSION ............................................................................. 5
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................... 6
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. General

The foundation can be defined as a building located within the ground that is part adjacent to

the element of the underground and the building. Which functions to withstand its own load

and wind load, divided into 2 namely:

A. Shallow foundation

Shallow foundation is the foundation that supports the load directly. A shallow foundation is

called a direct foundation, the foundation is used when the soil layer at the base of the

foundation is capable of supporting the load located not deep from the ground surface.

B. Foundation In

The foundation that passes the burden on the building to hard ground or rocks located away

from the surface

B. Problem Formulation.

In this discussion the issues to be discussed are:

o Understanding and function or usefulness of stone foundation times

o Implementation of stone foundation times

 CHAPTER II

DISCUSION

Definition of foundation

the foundation is a building that can withstand a wide range of loads, either horizontally
or vertically in stable condition. The purpose is to hold the loads that occur so as to
produce stability of the construction.

Foundation is an important element in building a building. The strong or weak of a

building is determined by the robustness of the foundation construction.

For building single-story house usually use stone foundation times. This kind of
foundation is very good because if the stone is planted in the ground so the quality is not
changed. The foundation stone is usually trapezoidal with the width of the top at least 25
cm. The bottom width size is usually adjusted to the weight of the load on it. But the
general standard used usually ranges from 70-80 cm.

Foundation Classification

A. Shallow foundation

Foundation with a depth of generally 1m or slightly more. Example Brick foundation,

Stone foundation times

B. Foundation inside

Foundation with a depth of more than 1m. For example foundation well, foundation pile
Understanding and Use of Rubble stone

The foundation stone is a part of a building structure made of a collection of

natural stone made with a certain shape and size using a binder in the form of a mixture of

concrete, this type of foundation is a shallow foundation used in buildings with a load not too

big like a house.

To make the stone foundation times, the size of the stone used is usually about 25

cm. so the stone must be broken first. It aims to facilitate the installation so that the results are

more neat as well as sturdy.

At the base of the construction of stone foundation stone is a layer of sand 5-10 cm

thick that serves to flatten the ground base. After that new stone times installed with a

standing position. Among the stone gaps are filled with sand until solid so as to support the

load that is above it. The arrangement of this model also functions as a drainage so that it can

drain the surrounding groundwater. To keep the stone foundation is not quickly damaged or

wet ground water so the body of the foundation plastered roughly thickness of about 1.5 cm.

General terms of standard for making stone foundation times are as follows:

A. Having a strong and sturdy construction so it is not easy to experience a shift

B. Be able to adapt to the occurrence of land movements such as unstable soil, expanding

soil, shrinking soil, mining activities and effects of earthquakes

C. Ability to retain chemical elements in the soil both organic and non organic

D. Ability to withstand water pressure

The foundation standard is as follows:

A. Material

All materials for the foundation stone work times consist of crushed stone with the width of

each side ± 15 cm.

Broken stone material should not be of limestone and must be hard, not easily cracked or

broken.

B. Mortal

The adhesive mixture for the stone masonry pairs consisting of 1 cement and 4 sands is

measured in volume doses.

The cement used is Portland local cement and the sand used is tidal sand and must be clean

from mud and soil and the rest of the roots.

C. Foundation Base

The base soil for the base of the foundation must be solidified prior to being given a layer of

sand urug. The thickness of sand of urug is usually 10 - 15 cm.

D. Cement

All the cement used is local portland cement.

Terms:

1) Passing the Portland Cement Regulation of Indonesia (SNI.8-1972).

2) Passed the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) DT-91-0008-2007

3) Have a certificate Test (test certificate).

4) Obtain the Planner / Supervisor Approval.

5) All cement to be used must be from one same brand

6) Cement in a new and original state

E. Aggregates

All usage of Aggregate Subtle and Aggregate Rough, shall meet the requirements:

1) General Regulation of Building Material Inspection (NI.3-1956)

2) National Indonesia (SNI) DT-91-0008-2007

3) Not Easily Crushed (stay hard), not porous.

4) Free from soil / clay (not mixed with soil / clay or other dirt.

F. Water

Water that will be used for all jobs in the field is clean water, colorless, does not contain

chemicals Water containing salt (sea water) is not allowed to be used.

Materials and tools needed for making stone foundation times:

A. Ingredients

1. Sand: as the main ingredient in making the mixture

2. Cement: as an adhesive for mixing

3. Water: as a binder of cement and sand

4. Stone times: as the base material for the installation of stone times.

B. Tools

• Sputter Spoon

• Bucket

• Hoe

• Yarn

• Claw Hammer
•Barrow

• Saws

The method of making stone foundation times is as follows:

A. Work Preparation

Plan the sequence of excavations, the sequence of installation of the stone foundation, the

temporary dug up before it is transported out of the site, as well as the temporary stockpiling

of the stones before it is installed.

B. Working

1. Prepare the necessary tools

2. Digging the ground with the width of the width equal to the width of the bottom foundation

with the required depth.

3. Digging the sides of the tilt, so that the right angle is obtained.

4. Dispose of excavated soil into place.

5. Check the position, width, depth, and neatness according to plan.

C. Sand Work

1. Sand flattened at the bottom of the excavation and watered to get the optimum humidity

for compaction.

2. Solid sand urug by using a stamper tool.

3. If necessary repeat steps one and two so as to get thick sand of urug as planned.
D. Work of Foundation Pairs

A. Profile creation

1. Install the wooden peg to install the profile (2 stakes for each profile). profiles mounted on

each end of the foundation lane.

2. Install the flat wooden slats on both pegs, as high as the profile.

3. Place the profile completely perpendicular and the plane over the profile is flat. Keep the

center of the profile right at the center of the planned excavation and the top of the profile

according to the height of the foundation.

4. Tie the profile to a flat bar mounted between 2 pins and also nailed for stronger.

5. Place the score, tilt on the foundation cliff and pit the profile, so it becomes strong and

sturdy.

6. Check the profile position and its size, fix it if there is something wrong, so do the height.

B. Installation of Rubble Stone

1. Prepare all the tools and materials needed

2. Place the thread on the outer side of the profile for each height difference of 25 cm from

the sand surface.

3. Prepare the mortar to attach the stones.

4. Arrange the stones above the sand layer of urug without mix (aanstamping) with 25 cm

high and fill the sand in the crevices of the stone so that there is no cavity between the stones

then pour the blank stone pairs with water.

5. Raise the thread on the next 25 cm and attach the rocks to the mortar, according to the

height of the yarn. Keep the field outside the pair is flat.
The advantages of stone foundation times:

• Implementation of easy foundations

• Fast foundation work time

• Manufacture is relatively cheap, if using stone times

Disadvantages of stone foundation times:

• Broken stones in certain areas are difficult to find in certain areas

 CHAPTER III

Conclusion

The definition of a foundation is a building that can withstand a wide range of loads,

either horizontally or vertically in stable condition. The purpose is to hold the loads that occur

so as to produce stability of the construction.

The foundation stone is divided into two kinds, namely the foundation of local and

continuous. The local foundation is placed on the corner of the building and serves as an

element that accepts the column load on the first floor building. While the continuous

foundation is the element that receives the load from the wall which then continues to spread

to the ground
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BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.bibm.eu/precast-concrete/what-is-concrete--what-is-a-precast-concrete-product-

http://www.nicbm.com/ar/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/cat_Concrete_Pipes_1170714.pdf

https://www.bre.co.uk/filelibrary/pdf/rpts/BeAware_Precast_Concrete_Sector_Report_02Ma

09.pdf

http://www.world-housing.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Type_Precast.pdf
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