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Research
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For the suburb of Melbourne, Australia, see Research, Victoria.

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For the Wikipedia policy, see Wikipedia:Original research. For information on using Wikipedia for research, see Wikipedia:Researching
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About Wikipedia Research Scientific research relies on the application of the scientific method, a harnessing of
Community portal curiosity. This research provides scientific information and theories for the explanation of the nature
Recent changes and the properties of the world around us. It makes practical applications possible. Scientific
Contact Wikipedia research is funded by public authorities, by charitable organizations and by private groups, including
Donate to Wikipedia many companies. Scientific research can be subdivided into different classifications according to
Help their academic and application disciplines.
Artistic research, also seen as 'practise-based research', can take form when creative works are
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considered both the research and the object of research itself. It is the debatable body of thought
Print/export which offers an alternative to purely scientific methods in research in its search for knowledge and
truth.
Languages
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ‬ Historical research is embodied in the scientific method.
Aragonés The term research is also used to describe an entire collection of information about a particular
Asturianu subject.[citation needed]
বাংলা
Contents [hide]
Català
1 Etymology
Česky
2 Research processes
Corsu
2.1 Scientific research
Dansk
3 Artistic Research
Deutsch 4 Historical method
Eesti 5 Research methods
Ελληνικά 6 Publishing
Español 7 Research funding
Esperanto 8 Research culture
‫ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬ 9 See also
Français 10 References
Furlan
Olin Levi Warner, Research helping the
Gaeilge Etymology [edit]
torch of knowledge (1896). Library of
ह द Congress Thomas Jefferson Building,
한국어 The word research derives from the French recherche, from rechercher, to search closely where Washington, D.C.
Hrvatski
"chercher" means "to search".

Bahasa Indonesia
Research processes [edit]
ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut
Íslenska
Italiano
Scientific research [edit]

‫עברית‬ Main article: Scientific method

Lëtzebuergesch Generally, research is understood to follow a certain structural process. Though step order may vary depending on the subject matter and
Lietuvių researcher, the following steps are usually part of most formal research, both basic and applied:
Nederlands
Formation of the topic
日本語
Hypothesis
 Norsk (bokmål) 
Conceptual definitions
 Norsk (nynorsk) 
Operational definition
Occitan
Gathering of data
Polski
Analysis of data
Português
Test, revising of hypothesis
Ripoarisch
Conclusion, iteration if necessary
Română
Runa Simi
A common misunderstanding is that by this method a hypothesis can be proven or tested. Generally a hypothesis is used to make predictions
that can be tested by observing the outcome of an experiment. If the outcome is inconsistent with the hypothesis, then the hypothesis is
Русский
rejected. However, if the outcome is consistent with the hypothesis, the experiment is said to support the hypothesis. This careful language is
ංහල
used because researchers recognize that alternative hypotheses may also be consistent with the observations. In this sense, a hypothesis can
Simple English
never be proven, but rather only supported by surviving rounds of scientific testing and, eventually, becoming widely thought of as true (or better,
Soranî / ‫ﮐﻭﺭﺩﯼ‬
predictive), but this is not the same as it having been proven. A useful hypothesis allows prediction and within the accuracy of observation of the
Српски / Srpski
time, the prediction will be verified. As the accuracy of observation improves with time, the hypothesis may no longer provide an accurate
Srpskohrvatski /
Српскохрватски prediction. In this case a new hypothesis will arise to challenge the old, and to the extent that the new hypothesis makes more accurate
Basa Sunda
predictions than the old, the new will supplant it.

Suomi
Artistic Research [edit]
Svenska
Tagalog One of the characteristics of Artistic Research is that it must accept subjectivity as opposed to the classical scientific methods. As such, it is
ไทย similar to social sciences in using quantitative research and intersubjectivity as tools to apply measurement and critical analysis.
Türkçe
Українська
Vèneto Historical method [edit]
Tiếng Việt
Main article: Historical method
Winaray
‫ייִדיש‬ The historical method comprises the techniques and guidelines by which historians use historical sources and other evidence to research and
中文 then to write history. There are various history guidelines commonly used by historians in their work, under the headings of external criticism,
internal criticism, and synthesis. This includes higher criticism and textual criticism. Though items may vary depending on the subject matter
and researcher, the following concepts are usually part of most formal historical research:
Identification of origin date
Evidence of localization
Recognition of authorship
Analysis of data
to digout something and to unearth something or unveal something
Identification of integrity
Attribution of credibility

Research methods [edit]

The goal of the research process is to produce new knowledge, which takes three main forms (although, as previously discussed, the
boundaries between them may be obscure.):
Exploratory research, which structures and identifies new problems
Constructive research, which develops solutions to a problem
Empirical research, which tests the feasibility of a solution using empirical evidence
Research can also fall into two distinct types:
Primary research
Secondary research
In social sciences and later in other disciplines, the following two research methods can be applied,
depending on the properties of the subject matter and on the objective of the research:
The research room at the New York
Qualitative research
Public Library, an example of secondary
Quantitative research research in progress.
Research is often conducted using the hourglass model Structure of Research[1]. The hourglass
model starts with a broad spectrum for research, focusing in on the required information through the methodology of the project (like the neck of
the hourglass), then expands the research in the form of discussion and results.

Publishing [edit]

Academic publishing describes a system that is necessary in order for academic scholars to peer review the work and make it available for a
wider audience. The 'system', which is probably disorganised enough not to merit the title, varies widely by field, and is also always changing, if
often slowly. Most academic work is published in journal article or book form. In publishing, STM publishing is an abbreviation for academic
publications in science, technology, and medicine.
Most established academic fields have their own journals and other outlets for publication, though many academic journals are somewhat
interdisciplinary, and publish work from several distinct fields or subfields. The kinds of publications that are accepted as contributions of
knowledge or research vary greatly between fields; from the print to the electronic format. Business models are different in the electronic
environment. Since about the early 1990s, licensing of electronic resources, particularly journals, has been very common. Presently, a major
trend, particularly with respect to scholarly journals, is open access. There are two main forms of open access: open access publishing, in
which the articles or the whole journal is freely available from the time of publication, and self-archiving, where the author makes a copy of their
own work freely available on the web.

Research funding [edit]

Main article: Research funding

Most funding for scientific research comes from two major sources: Corporation's research and
Wikiversity has learning materials
development departments; and government research councils such as the National Institutes of about Research
Health in the USA and the Medical Research Council in the UK. These are managed primarily
through universities and in some cases through military contractors. Many senior researchers (such Look up research in Wiktionary,
as group leaders) spend a significant amount of their time applying for grants for research funds. the free dictionary.
These grants are necessary not only for researchers to carry out their research, but also as a source
of merit.

Research culture [edit]

It has been recently criticized that for developing research in a university, the first step is to foster a research culture.[2] However, there is no
clear definition for research culture.

See also [edit]

Academic conference Innovation

Advertising research Lab notebook
Basic research List of fields of doctoral studies
Business information Marketing research
 Conceptual framework National Council of University Research Administrators (NCURA)
Creativity techniques Open research
Demonstrative evidence Operations research
Due diligence Original research
Dialectical research Participatory action research
Empirical evidence Psychological research methods
Empirical research Research and development
European Charter for Researchers Social research
Internet research

References [edit]

1. ^ Trochim, W.M.K, (2006). Research Methods Knowledge Base.

2. ^ "Research Culture in Modern University Management" .

Categories: Research | Research methods

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