ENERGY Resources About the Author. Second Edition Non-Conventional!” BH Khan received his BSc Engineering degree from ‘Aligath Muslim University (AMU), Aligath (frst sank, 1976), ME from TISe Bangalore (1978) and PhD from ITT Kanpur (1989). Since 1978, heis a faculy ofthe Electrical Engineering Department, AMU, Aligarh, where he is currently working asa professor. . Dr Khan is a recipient of the President of India Medal Buen of Institution of Engineers (India), 2002, for his work Professor ‘om Simultaneous ade Trantmision, He also received the Department of Electrical Engineering Railway Board's First Prize of 1986-87. He is senior Aligarh Musin University wranbor of IEEE (USA), Life Fellow of IE (india) sie ‘Aligarty Uttar Pradesh tember of the Indian Society for Technical Education tnd a life member of the System Society of India. He has over 31 years of experience of teaching / research 5 " A at the undergraduate and post graduate levels in clctrcal engineering in Indias well as abroad, and has worked fon several sponsored research projects His current areas Of ‘interest include Non-conventional and Renewable Energy Sources, Power Electronics and Microprocessor Applications Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited NEW-DELHI ‘McGraw-Hill Offices New Delhi New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogotd Caraca: Kuala Lumpur Lisbon’ Londorr Mag ses CHEE ME: ‘San Juan Santiago =BF wicca’ Pei aNdy Published by the Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, 7 West Pe} Nagap News Dethi WOO0R-) | ‘Copysight © 2099 by Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited. ‘Thincen epi 2013. #O990 ‘No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed mm any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database of retrieval system withoit the prior written permission ofthe publishers. The program listings Gf any) may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, bat they may not be reproduced for publication, ‘This edition can be exported from India only by the publishers, ‘Tata MeGraw Hil{ Education Private Limited ISBN (13): 978-0-07.014276-3 wa ISBN (10): 0-07-014276-9 ‘Managing Director: Ajay Shukla General Manager: Publishing—SEM & Tech Ed: Wha Muhgian Dy Manoger—Sponsoring: Shuki! Mutherjee aitorial Executive: Surabhi Shukla Executive—Editoral Services: Sohini Mukherjee ‘Senior Production Manager: PL Pandita General Marketing —Higher Education & School: Michael J Cruz Product Manager: SEM & Tech Ed: Biju Ganesan Controller—Production: Rajender P Ghansela Asst. General Manager—Produetion: 8 L Dogra Information contained in this work has been obtained by Tata McGraw Hil, Rom sources believed to be reliable. However, neither Tata McGraw: Hill nor its authors guarantee the ‘accuracy of completeness of any information published herein, and neither Tata McGraw- satis tone wa ee ee een gree Hil ands authors ae spying infermatg attempting fo render engineering cor other professional services IPeuch services aie feed he esisance oan ppropng professionat should be sought. * “ ‘Typeset at Noxech Digi C-54, Oba Maaastadr Aiea New Du riaton, WAP printed at Adarsh Printers, C-50/51, Mohit Park; Naveen Shahdars, Delhi 110032 Cover: SDR Pre Visual Summary. Fundamentals of Energy—Science and Technology 4 1 3 1.1. Energy Consunspion and Standitd of Living’? 12. Oil Casis of 19732 13 Clascation of Energy Resources 2 14 Consumption Trend of Primary Boergy Resourced 4 1.5. Importance of Non-Conventional Energy Sources 5° 116 Energy Chain 5 1.7 Comon Forms of Energy 6 18. Advantages and Disadvantages of Conventional Energy Sources, 7 119) Salient Features of Non-Conventional Eatiy Source’ : 1.40 Environmental Aspects of Energy 8 i 111. Environment-Economy-Energy and Sustainable Development 73 112 Energy Densities (Heatig values) of Vatious Peels 14) 0 113 World Energy Setus 15 ! 1114 Energy Séenasio fm Fadia" 19 1115 Applied Thermodynamnics—a Review 27 Review Questions 43, Problr 44 Objecive ype Questions 44 i Energy Conservation © + ¥ 2.1. Salieit Features of “Energy Conservation’ Att, 2001” 49 22 Various Aspects of Energy Conservation © 50" 23 Principles of Energy Conservation 57 24. General Bectsical ECO's (Energy Caiseition Oppo)" 53 25 Cogeneration 5 a 26 Combined Cycle (Binary Cyck) Plants » 57 Review Questions 60 Problem 60 Objective 9pe Questions 60 Energy Storage " 3. Necesity of Energy Storage 62 32. Energy Storage Methods 63, Revco Quer 79 Objectvppe Questions 79 a7