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Critical Appraisal on Urban Transportation Planning Using Soft-Computing

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Critical Appraisal on Urban Transportation

Planning Using Soft-Computing Technique
Rutu Doshi1, Jayesh Juremalani2 & Indra Prakash3
1
M.Tech -Transportation Engineering Student, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty Of
Engineering And Technology, Parul University,
2
Assistant Professor In Civil Engineering Department, Faculty Of Engineering And
Technology, Parul University
3
Faculty In BISAG, Gandhinagar
Abstract: Road network system is important for any literature of urban transport planning and with the
city as it provides the means for people movement help of Geo-graphical Information System(GIS).
transportation of goods and other emergency Urban transportation planning is the process that
services like ambulances. Inefficient road network leads to decisions on transportation policies and
system will disrupt the transportation movement, programs. In this process, planners develop
environment and affect human movement and quality information about the impacts of implementing
of life. A good road network system can generate alternative courses of action involving transportation
economic growth, physical transformation and services, such as new highways, introduction of new
improved system of strategic connections. Godhra is modes of public transport etc, or parking restrictions.
Municipality in Panchmahal district in Indian state The fundamental objective of transportation is to
of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of provide efficient and safe levels of mobility required
the Panchmahal district requiring detailed network to support a wide spectrum of human needs for a
analysis for the development of communication heterogeneous variety of societal groups. Because
system including roads connecting within the district these needs, goals, and objectives are continuously
and with other area The area is generally flat changing, transportation planning is also an ever-
occupied by mainly three types of soil alluvial, well- evolving process. The important steps of the
drained calcareous and coarse loam. Network transportation planning process are as given below:
analysis is being carried out to solve the problems Step 1: Forecasting target year population and
pertaining to spatial networks including the most economic growth for the subject metropolitan area.
efficient travel route, generating travel directions, Step 2: allocation of land use and socio – economic
locating the closest facility, and defining service projections individual analysis zones according to
areas based on travel time and distance covered land availability, local zoning and related public
using geo-informatics technology policies.
Step 3: specification of alternative transportation
1. Introduction plans partly based on the result of Step 1 and Step 2.
Step 4: calculation of the capital and maintenance
1.1 Overview costs of each alternative plan.
Step 5: application of calibrated demand –
Transport is one of the most important sectors of the forecasting models to predict target year equilibrium
universal development in advance countries of the flows expected to use each alternative, given the land
world. Planning transport within the cities is multi- use and socio – economic projection of Step 2 and
aspects issue viewed as an integral part of the urban the characteristics of the transportation alternatives
transport planning process. Godhra is the main city (Step 3).
in panchmahal district and even it is a academic, Step 6: conversion of equilibrium flows to direct user
finical and socially center of panchmahal district, benefits, such as savings in travel time and travel
though it is center of district it is not well planned cost attributable to the proposed plan.
meaning by transport network it is always filled with Step 7: comparative evaluation and selection of the
crowd, noise and air pollution especially when traffic best of the alternatives analyzed based on estimated
at its peak hour, there is lack of good transport costs (Step 3) and benefits (Step 6).
network by providing cycle track, private transport, This information is used to help decision-makers
public transport we can improve a transport network (elected officials or their representatives) in their
by reducing deficiencies and developing facility in selection of transportation policies and programs.
this research paper we showed the introduction,

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 1318

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

1.2 Solution Generation and Analysis

Based on problem definition, transportation planners
have to identify various alternatives and make choice
about-
Various modes like roadway (DA/PT), railway,
waterways or airways.
The technological aspect such as high speed train,
raised monorails underground transit system, driver
information system.
Traffic engineering aspect such as changing or
improving flow pattern by making certain road one
way, reducing delay on Arterial Street by improving Fig 2 Introduction of GIS
signalization or grade separated intersection,
disallowing certain movement at intersection A digital map is generally of much greater value than
Regulatory aspect such as reserving land for only the same map printed on a paper as the digital
high occupancy vehicles, disallowing high polluting version can be combined with other sources of data
vehicles, imposing speed limit. for analyzing information with a graphical
For example, to travel from Kanpur to Delhi presentation. The GIS software makes it possible to
following alternatives can be worked out: synthesize large amounts of different data,
Facilitate train leaving Kanpur at 6:30 am and combining different layers of information to manage
reaching Delhi at 10:30 am and again leaving Delhi and retrieve the data in a more useful manner. More
at 5:30pm and reaching Kanpur at 10:30pm. important, GIS is about geography and learning
Developing existing airport at Kanpur for small about the world in which we live. As GIS technology
commercial flight, Improve the existing road develops, as society becomes ever more geospatially
facilities providing operating speed 120 kmph. enabled, and as more and more people rediscover
geography and the power of maps, the future uses
and applications of GIS are unlimited.
1.3 Transportation network

Undirected networks, Edge on a network may have a

direction assigned to it, the person or resource being 1.4 Functions of GIS
transported is free to decide the direction, speed, and
destination of traversal. Fig 1 shows the person in a General-purpose GIS software performs six major
car travelling on street. tasks such as:
 Input
 Manipulation
 Management
 query and analysis
 Visualization.
Fig 3 shows the functions of GIS.

Fig 1 person in a car travelling on street

A geographic information system or geographical

information system (GIS) is a system designed to
capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and
present all types of spatial or geographical data. Fig 2
shows the introduction about GIS. Fig 3 Functions of GIS

2 Study Area:

Godhra is Municipality in Panchmahal district

in Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative
headquarters of the Panchmahal district and it is
located at a 22.777266_N_73.620253_E_It has an
average elevation of 73 m (240 ft). This has mainly

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 1319

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in
three types of soil alluvial, well-drined calcareous
and coarse loam. Soils of hilly plains and interfluves
occur in the northern part. Fig 4 shows the location
of Godhra town.
Fig 4 Google image of study area
3 Literature Review
Aman Arora and Manish kumar pandey
analyzed that Network Analysis aims at finding
solutions to routing problems related to traversibility,
rate of flow, and network connectivity. It helps in
identifying optimum locations for services to be
provided. The current work basically a pilot project
and only free Google data, of not very good
accuracy, has been used for this study. In the present
study, distribution of ATMs of different banks and
Hospitals of a part of South West Delhi Area has
been selected for network Analysis. This kind of
study is very uncommon for even highly developed
metropolitan cities of India like Delhi, Mumbai etc.
During field survey noticed that SBI (State Bank of
India) and Axis Bank ATMs are well distributed
while that of PNB (Punjab Bank) are poorly
distributed. There are 5 hospitals in the area and are
well distributed, within 3 accessibility. The road
network and connectivity in the study area is of
appreciable standard. For the area with very high
resolution data of fine accuracy level and
supplemented with extensive field surveys costly
enterprise, the study can be of immense applicability
to Public Transport Corporations, Health service
providers, Emergency Response agencies as well as
under the jurisdiction of home ministry.
SudarsanamPadam and Sanjay Kumar Singh
founded on the basis of his study suggested that for
example, while the scale of urban change is
unprecedented and the nature and direction of urban
change is more dependent on the global economy
than ever before, many aspects of the traditional
distinction between urban and rural are becoming
redundant. He provided a broad overview of the
available evidence on patterns and trends in urban
growth in developing countries, highlighting regional
differences where appropriate. The paper also
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
examines the quality of past urban population
projections and finds that there has been considerable
diversity in their quality by geographic region, level
of development, and size of country.
He discussed about the impact of urbanization on
environment and quality of life. The provision of
infrastructural facilities required to support such
large concentration of population is lagging far
behind the pace of urbanization. As a consequence,
the urban environment, particularly in large cities, is
deteriorating very rapidly. All cities have severe
shortage of water supply, sewerage, developed land,
housing, transportation and other facilities. The level,
quality and distribution of services have been very
poor. Several cities have indicated large segments of
urban population don’t have access to drinking
water, sanitation, basic 31 health services and
education. These deficiencies have serious health
impacts particularly affecting the urban poor.
He highlighted the need for a cogent urban transport
policy without which there will be ad hoc
interventions. Such interventions, apart from not
adding up to a comprehensive approach, will result
in greater confusion. Furthermore, it emphasizes that
if there is no worthwhile public transport, it will still
need to be reinvented to promote a better quality of
life. The need of the hour is formulation of an urban
transport strategy that is both pragmatic and holistic
in its approach.
Praveen Kumar Rai and V. K. Kumra worked on
Urbanization is an index of transformation from
traditional rural economies to modern industrial one.
It is a progressive concentration of population in
urban unit. During the last fifty years the population
of India has grown two and a half times, but urban
India has increased nearly five times.
Sreelekha.M.G., Krishnamurthy.K., Anjaneyulu.
M.V.L.R. concluded on Road network is considered
to be one of the keys to regional development of a
region.
They analyze the road network connectivity and
spatial pattern existing in Calicut city in India, and
hence to determine if the network connectivity can
explain significant variance in the spatial pattern of
the network structure.
A network is a framework of links, connected within
nodes. Several network based indicators have been
developed to analyze the transport network since
1960 and these indicators can be classified as
connectivity, cyclic property, efficiency measures,
and developed graph theory measures to quantify the
spatial structure of road network and to verify their
relationship with regional economic characteristics.
Traditional interest in understanding network
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 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-1, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in
structure has been limited to geographers who view
the spatial nature of the road network as a vital input
to regional development. In recent years, there has
been considerable interest to understand the topology
of transport networks that connects points in
geographic space. Investigated the potential
application of proposed network measures namely,
heterogeneity, connection patterns and continuity, in
quantifying the structure of road networks. The
proposed network measures were later applied to
trace the changes in network characteristics over
time. In short, various spatial metrics provide
quantitative information for urban transport network
analysis.
Mezyad alterkawi his study relied on GIS to
identify deficient facilities in the vital area within
Riyadh’s ring road. The deficiency analysis process
is utilized to highlight streets where demand exceeds
capacity.
4 Conclusion
GIS technology has opened up new horizons in
transportation planning and provides a means of
communication that allows for an interactive
understanding between the public and transportation
professionals.
Further, incorporation of land use transportation
models, network analysis, and simulation of urban
activities to evaluate different urban development
alternatives in the GIS framework needs to be
explored for added advantage.
Meeting these challenges requires access to timely
and reliable information that we created from-
ArcGIS.
These papers provide a concept of area public
transport accessibility and find feasibility,
optimization with the software ArcGIS.
5 References
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TRANSPORTATION NETWORK MODEL AND
NETWORK ANALYSIS OF ROAD NETWORKS , 12th
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Archer H., (1991) Geographic Information System: A
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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
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[14] Praveen Kumar Rai and V. K. Kumra ROLE OF
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