Questions for Final Exam - Electronics Fundamentals

1. Valence electron are

a. in the most distance orbit from the nucleus
b. in the closest orbit to the nucleus
c. in the various orbits around the nucleus

Answer : a

2. Atoms within a semiconductor crystal are held together by

a. subatomic particles
b . covalent bonds
c. valence band

Answer : b

3. A hole is
a. a vacancy in the valence band left by an electron
b. vacancy in the conduction band
c. a positive electron

Answer : a

4. Doping is used to increase the conductivity of an intrinsic

semiconductor. When pentavalent atoms are used in doping,
the resulting material is called ______________ material and
has an excess of ______________ .
a. n-type, holes
b. n-type, electrons
c. p-type, electrons

Answer : b

5. Semi conductors have negative temperature coefficient. This

means that
a. The resistance decreases with an increase in
temperature
b. The resistance increases with an increase in
temperature
c. The resistance remains constant regardless there is
increase or decrease in temperature

Answer : a
6. When pn junction is forward biased, it is
a. The p-type material is connected to the negative terminal
b. The n-type material is connected to the positive terminal
c. The p-type material is connected to the positive
terminal

Answer : c

7. A _____ is a component with two terminals that acts as a

one-way conductor.
a. diode
b. Inductor
c. Capacitor

Answer : a

8. In a diode, the two bias conditions are

a. Positive and negative
b. Open and closed
c. Forward and reverse

Answer: c

9. The voltage where avalanche occurs is called the

a. Depletion layer
b. Knee voltage
c. Breakdown voltage

Answer : c

10. The process of converting ac to pulsating dc is called

a. Clipping
b. Rectification
c. Filtering

Answer : b

11. The number of diodes used in a half-wave rectifier is

a. One
b. Two
c. Three

Answer : a
 12. The output frequency of a half-wave rectifier with a 60 Hz
sinusoidal input is
a. 30 Hz
b. 60 Hz
c. 120 Hz

Answer : b

13. A full-wave rectifier can be designed using

a. One diode and center-tapped power transformer
b. Two diode and center –tapped power transformer
c. Four diode and center – tapped power transformer

Answer : b

14. During the positive half-cycle of the input voltage in a bridge

rectifier
a. One diode is forward biased
b. All diodes are forward biased

c. Answer : c Two diodes are forward biased

15. In a series negative limiter circuit, the diode will clip the
portion of the waveform that goes _________.
a. positive
b. negative
c. half positive and half negative

Answer : b

16. In positive clamping, the bottom of the output waveform is

clamped to bias voltage, so the output waveform is______ to
the bias level
a. positive
b. negative
c. remains zero

Answer : a
17. The terms “bias” means
a. The ratio of majority carriers to minority carrier
b. The amount of current across a diode
c. A dc voltage is applied to control the operation of
a device

Answer : c

18. For a silicon diode, the value of the forward bias voltage
typically
a. Must be greater than 0.3 V
b. Must be greater than 0.7 V
c. Depends on the width of depletion layer

Answer : b

19. When testing the forward bias of a diode with a multimeter

a. The positive lead of the ohmmeter is place on the cathode
b. The positive lead of the ohmmeter is place on the
anode
c. It does not matter which the positive lead of the
ohmmeter is placed

Answer : b

20. In an NPN transistor the P is the

a. Collector
b. Base
c. Emitter

Answer: b

21. A voltage doubler has 12 V source. The load voltage is

approximately
a. 24 V
b. 48 V
c, 51 V

Answer : a
22. The bipolar junction transistor is
a. unipolar device
b. Voltage–controlled device
c. Current-controlled device

Answer : C

23. In the active region, while the collector-base junction is

___________biased, the base-emitter is__________biased.
a. reverse, forward
b. forward, reverse
c. forward, forward

Answer : a

24. When operated in active region, the transistor acts like

a. Inductor
b. Amplifier
c. Variable capacitor

Answer : b

25. 3 common transistor amplifiers are common emitter,

common base and common collector. Which type of the 3
has the following characteristics
current gain : 20 to 200
voltage gain : 100 to 600
power gain : high
input impedance : 500 to 2000 ohm
output impedance : 10 Kohm to 50 Kohm
input output phase relationship : 180 deg out of phase
typical use : normal amplifier
a. Common emitter
b. Common base
c. Common collector

Answer : a

26. How many classes of Amplification

a. 3 classes namely Class A, B & C
b. 2 classes A & B
c. 4 classes A, B, C & D
 Answer : a
27. There are 3 basic types of multivibrators, namely Astable,
Bistable and monostable multivibrators. Which is of the 3 is
called free running multivibrator
a. Monostable
b. Astable
c. Bistable

Answer : b

28. The tree terminals of a JFET are called

a. Gate , drain, source
b. Anode, cathode and gate
c. Collector, base, emitter

Answer : a

29. How many pn junction a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR)

have?
a. 3
b. 2
c. 4

Answer :A

30. Which of the following transistors is an SCR composed of?

a. pnp, pnp
b. npn, pnp
c. npn, npn

Answer : A

31. A bi-directional TRIAC has two SCRs connected in

a. Series
b. Parallel
c. Inverse parallel

Answer : b

32. How are the pins numbered on an op-amp IC?

a. counter clockwise from the dot
b. Clockwise from the dot
c. From left to right from the dot
 Answer : a
33. An integrated circuit (IC) op-amp has
a. Two inputs and two outputs
b. One input and one output
c. Two inputs and one output

Answer : c

34. Which of the following characteristics does not necessarily

apply to an op-amp?
a. High open loop gain
b. High power devices
c. High input impedance and low output impedance

Answer : b

35. The operation of the logic gate can be described by means of

a ________.
a. Logic Table
b. Truth Table
c. Algebra table

Answer: b

36. The output of an AND gate with three inputs, A, B, and C, is

HIGH when ________
a. A=1, B=1,C=0
b. A=1, B=0,C=0
c. A=1, B=1,C=1

Answer : c

37. The Boolean expression for a 2-input OR gate is ________.

a. A + B = S
b. A.B = S
c. A OR B = S

Answer : a
38. Derive the Boolean expression for the logic circuit shown
below:

A
B
C
D X

a. X=(A+B).C+D
b. X=(A.B+C).D
c. X=A.B+C+D

Answer : b

39. Name the basic material used in making PCBs

a. Matrix board
b. Epoxy resin board
c. Copper clade laminate

Answer : b

40. A multi layer PCB has

a. one layer on either side
b. two or more layers on one or both sides
c. two or more layers connected in series

Answers : b

41. When a servomotor overshoots after a step input and

oscillates it is
a. over damped
b. under damped
c. critically damped

Answer : b

42. The rotor of a desynn indicator is

a. An electromagnet
b. A permanent magnet
c. An AC magnet
 Answer : b
43. The two types of input to a servo are step Input and Ramp
input. Step input is created when the input shaft is_______
rotated from one angular position to another. Whilst the
Ramp input is created when the input shaft is rotated
at________angular velocity.
a. Suddenly, constant
b. Gradually, constant
c. Constantly, increasing

Answer : a

44. A differential synchro has

a. 3 phase stator, 3 phase rotor
b. single phase stator, 2 phase rotor
c. 3 phase stator, single phase rotor

Answer : a

45. The E & I Bar Transducer uses _____________principles to

convey the position of I bar that is connected to the capsule
of the servo altimeter
a. Capacitive
b. Inductive
c. Resistive

Answer : b

46. The transducer used in aircraft tank that makes use of the
following principles : distance, area and dielectric constant
of the plates is called
a. inductive transducer
b. Capacitive transducer
c. Thermo couple transducer

Answer : b

47. A reduction from the optimum setting of the velocity

feedback in a servo loop could cause
a. low sevo gain
b. Instability
c. slow response

Answer : b
48. In a torque synchro system, the power supply is connected
to
a. the rotor windings of the transmitter only
b. The rotor windings of both the transmitter and
receiver
c. the stator windings of the transmitter

Answer : b

49. The phase difference between the supplies of a two phase

induction motor is
a. 0 degrees
b. 180 degrees
c. 90 degrees

Answer : c

50. To reduce overshoot errors in a synchro

a. the system will have position feedback
b. The system will have velocity feedback
c. the gain of the amplifier is increased

Answer : b