Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2, APRIL 2004
Abstract—This paper presents a new approach to real-time Fuzzy-logic system is inflected in three basic elements:
fault classification in power transmission systems using fuzzification, fuzzy inference, and defuzzification. Degrees
fuzzy-logic-based multicriteria approach. Only the three line of membership in the fuzzifier layer are calculated according
currents are utilized to detect fault types such as LG, LL, and
LLG, and then to define the faulty line. An online wavelet-based to IF-THEN rules. They base their decisions on inputs in the
preprocessor stage [1]–[4] is used with data window of ten samples form of linguistic variable derived from membership functions
(based on 4.5-kHz sampling rate and 50-Hz power frequency). which are formulas used to determine the fuzzy set to which
The multicriteria algorithm is developed based on fuzzy sets for a value belongs and the degree of membership in that set. The
the decision-making part of the scheme. Computer simulation variables are then matched with the specific linguistic IF-THEN
has been conducted using EMTP programs. Results are shown
and they indicate that this approach can be used as an effective rules and the response of each rule is obtained through fuzzy
tool for high-speed digital relaying, as the correct detection is implication. To perform compositional rule of inference, the
achieved in less than half a cycle and that computational burden response of each rule is weighted according to the impedance
is much simpler than the recently postulated fault classification or degree of membership of its inputs and the centroid of the
techniques. response is calculated to generate the appropriate output.
Index Terms—Decision making, fuzzy control, fuzzy sets, knowl- One such application to power system fault classification
edge-based systems, wavelet analysis, wavelet transforms. problem is found in [17]. However, this approach needs
sequence components to solve the classification problem and
I. INTRODUCTION the training is carried out using the information from both de-
signer’s experiences and sample data sets. The other drawback
where
- - - -
G. Rules Matrix
H. Computational Burden
In Table V, the first, second, third, and fourth columns
stand for the membership functions of the four inputs
, and , while the
fifth column is the output membership function. The sixth
YOUSSEF: COMBINED FUZZY-LOGIC WAVELET-BASED FAULT CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE 585
Fig. 4. Phase angle criteria (LG faults). Col.1: BG-30 km, R = Fig. 6. Phase angle criteria (LLG faults). Col.1: ACG-60 km, R =
0:1
; Z = 0:5Z Col.2: CG-240 km, R = 0:1
; Z = 0 5Z
: 0 1
Z = 2 0Z Col.2: BCG-120 km, R = 1 0
Z = 2 0Z
: ; : : ; :
Col.3: AG-30 km, R = 1:0
; Z = 2:0Z . Col.3: ABG-240 km, R = 1 0
Z = 2 0Z . : ; :
TABLE I
FUZZY CRITERIA IN CASE OF GROUND FAULTS. (L < 10&H
: > 10& :
H > 0:01 & L < M < H)
Fig. 5. Phase angle criteria (LL faults). Col.1: BC-30 km, R = 0:1
; Z =
0 5Z Col.2: CA-100 km, R = 0 1
Z = 0 5Z
: : ; : Col.3: AB-180 km,
R = 0 1
Z = 0 5Z .
: ; :
TABLE II TABLE IV
FUZZY CRITERIA IN CASE OF PHASE-PHASE FAULTS. (L < 1:0 & H > 1:0 & FUZZY RULES
H > 0:001 & L < M < H)
TABLE III
OUTPUT VARIABLE F FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF FAULTS
where
TABLE V
FUZZY RULE MATRIX
VI. CONCLUSION
The paper presented an online application of a multicriteria
Fig. 10. Fuzzy criteria and classifier output. (ACG fault at 200 km R = fuzzy-logic-based technique to the classification of transmission
0:1
). system faults. The approach in terms of fuzzy-set procedures
was proven to be effective in implementing a simple fuzzy pro-
cedure (nine rules) to solve a problem that requires more com-
plex algorithms when approached in a deterministic way. The
technique proved to be a fast, accurate, and robust approach that
would perform accurately for various system conditions. The
approach is found to be computationally much simpler than the
conventional and ANN-based approaches which are currently
used for transient disturbance classification.
APPENDIX A
SYSTEM PARAMETERS
A. Source Parameters
A. A-G Faults
If the phase angle of , and are expressed by ,
Fig. 11. Fuzzy criteria and classifier output (CA fault, 180 km, R = 1 0
). and , respectively
: