Review Questions for Quiz 2 (SOLUTIONS)

DSCI 305

1. The conservative estimate for the degrees of freedom is 9 – 1 or 8. The critical t for a 99% confidence
interval is 3.355. A 99% confidence interval for 1 – 2 is constructed as follows:

s12 s 22 82 6 2
x1  x2   t *   30  26  3.355   4  11.183
n1 n2 9 9

2. The two-sample t statistic when 1 ≠ 2 is

( x1  x 2 )  ( 1   2 ) (30  26)  0
t   1.2
2 2
s s 82 6 2
1
 2

n1 n2 9 9

3. The critical t at  = 1% is 2.896.

Decision rule: Reject the null hypothesis if the test statistic is greater than 2.896.

4. Fail to reject the null. There is no significant evidence that the mean yardage of a helium-filled ball is
greater than that of the air-filled ball.

5. The P-value is determined by T.DIST.RT(1.2, 8) = 0.1322.

n1  1s12  n2  1s22 (9  1)8 2  (9  1)6 2

6. s 2p    50 , s p  50  7.07
n1  n2  2 992

7. The degrees of freedom are 9 + 9 – 2 = 16. The critical t for a 95% confidence interval is 2.12. A 95%
confidence interval for 1 – 2 is

x1  x2   t * s p 1

1
 30  26  2.12  7.07
1 1
  4  7.066
n1 n2 9 9

8. The two-sample t statistic when 1 = 2 is

( x1  x 2 )  ( 1   2 ) (30  26)  0
t   1.199
1 1 1 1 1.20
sp  7.07 
n1 n2 9 9

9. The critical t at  = 5% is 2.120.

Decision rule: Reject the null hypothesis if the test statistic is less than -2.12 or greater than 2.12.

10. Fail to reject the null. There is no significant evidence that the mean yardage of a helium-filled ball is
greater than that of the air-filled ball.
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11. The P-value is determined by T.DIST.2T(1.20, 16) = 0.2476.

12. The Excel Data Analysis output assuming unequal variances is shown below:

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances

Brand One Brand Two

Mean 99.58 102.91
Variance 61.72 937.29
Observations 100 100
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 112
t Stat -1.0548
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.1469
t Critical one-tail 1.6586
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.2938
t Critical two-tail 1.9814

The P-value = 0.2938. There is no significant evidence that the mean lifetimes of the two brands are
different.

13. The P-value = 0.1469. There is no significant evidence that the mean lifetimes of brand 1 is less than that
of brand 2.

14. x1  x2  99.58  102.91  3.33

s12 s22 61.72 937.29

15. The standard error of x1  x2      3.16 . Note that the statistics given in
n1 n2 100 100
the Excel output are sample variances (not sample standard deviations).

16. The Excel Data Analysis output assuming equal variance is shown below:

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Brand One Brand Two

Mean 99.58 102.91
Variance 61.72 937.29
Observations 100 100
Pooled Variance 499.51
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 198
t Stat -1.0548
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.1464
t Critical one-tail 1.6526
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.2928
t Critical two-tail 1.9720

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 16-12. (Assuming equal variances) The P-value = 0.2928. There is no significant evidence that the mean
lifetimes of the two brands are different.

16-13. (Assuming equal variance) The P-value = 0.1464. There is no significant evidence that the mean
lifetimes of brand 1 is less than that of brand 2.

16-14. (Assuming equal variances) x1  x2  99.58  102.91  3.33

16-15. (Assuming equal variances) The pooled estimator for population variance is 499.51 (from the
1 1 1 1
output). The standard error of x1  x2  s p   499.51   3.16 . Note that sp
n1 n2 100 100
is the pooled estimator for population standard deviation, while the output provides the
estimator for variance.

50 pˆ (1  pˆ ) 0.25(1  0.25)
17. pˆ   0.25 pˆ  z*  0.25  1.96   0.19 0.31
200 n 200

X 50
18. The sample proportion is pˆ    .25 . The test statistic is
n 200
pˆ  p0 .25  .2
z   1.77 , and the critical z at  = 5% is 1.645. Thus, we reject the null
p0 (1  p0 ) .2(1  .2)
n 200
hypothesis.

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19. The sample proportion, pˆ   .5333 . Assuming the null hypothesis is true, the standard deviation
1200
p0 (1  p0 ) .5(1  .5) pˆ  p0 .5333  .5
of p̂ ,  pˆ    .0144 . The test statistic, z    2.31 and the
n 1200  pˆ .0144
P-value = P(Z  2.31)  1  P(Z  2.31)  1  .9896  .0104 .

20. H0: p1 – p2 = 0, Ha: p1 – p2 > 0

21. The critical z at  = 10% is 1.28. Reject the null if the test statistic is greater than 1.28.

20 10 20  10
22. pˆ 1   0.20 pˆ 2   0.10 pˆ   0.15 . The test statistic is
100 100 100  100

 pˆ 1  pˆ 2    p1  p2  0.20  0.10  0
z   1.98
1   1 1 
pˆ 1  pˆ  
1 0.15(1  0.15) 
 
 n1 n2   100 100 

The P-value = P(z > 1.98) = .0239. Reject the null hypothesis since z > 1.28 or equivalently the P-

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 value < 10%. We are at least 90% confident that the proportion of all entering freshmen who
graduated in the bottom third of their high school class has been reduced from 1993 to 1997.

23. The critical z for the 90% confidence is 1.645. A 90% confidence interval for p1 - p2 is

pˆ1 1  pˆ1  pˆ 2 1  pˆ 2 
 pˆ1  pˆ 2   z* 
n1 n2
.20(1  .20) .10(1  .10)
 .20  .10   1.645 
100 100
  0.018, 0.182