MARITIME

DNV GL Houston Technology Seminar 2016

Noise and Vibration

Yanran Wang
03.11.2016

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2014 03.11.2016 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER
 Agenda

Introduction and Terminology

Rules and Regulations
Noise and Vibration Control Yanran Wang

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Maritime Advisory in a nutshell

Maritime Advisory
We help clients to mobilise the full potential of their assets and operations.
Service We offer technical and management support and assist clients in
managing risk through high value advisory services.

Shipping Advisory
Hydrodynamics
Concept Advisory
Areas of Mechanical & Systems Engineering
Expertise Safety, Risk & Reliability
Structures
Lifecycle Management
Noise & Vibration

Part of DNV GL Maritime

Almost 100 services mobilizing the full
potential of our client’s assets and operations
~300 highly skilled staff
Facts 5% of annual revenue invested into R&D
Offices in Norway, Germany, China,
Singapore, USA, Japan and
Vast computational capacities
Australia

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DNV GL – Noise and Vibration

Miami Oslo Hamburg Shanghai

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DNV GL – Noise and Vibration related Activities

Classification:
– Comfort Class (COMF)
– Vibration Class (VIBR)
– Silent Class (SILENT)
Advisory:
– Specification assistance
– Review of design
– Design stage analyses
– Verification measurements
– Troubleshooting measurements
– Vibration surveys

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Island Performer - COMF-V(1)

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Oasis of the Seas – COMF-V(1)

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Megayacht Azzam

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James Cook – SILENT(R)

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Marbat - COMF-V(1) / VIBR

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Rowan Viking

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Seafox 5

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Definitions and Terminology

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What is vibration?

Vibration is mechanical oscillation about an equilibrium point

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How to define noise and vibration? – Frequency

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How to define the level of vibration?

Velocity: v (mm/s)
Displacement: y (mm)
Acceleration: a (mm/s2)

y=v/ω
a=v∙ω

Where,
ω=2 f
f = vibration frequency (Hz)

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How to define vibration?
amplitude Project Name

30

Velocity level, mm/s (peak)

25

20

15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Frequency (Hz)

File 19, V_max (>5 Hz) = 27.9 mm/s at 6.9 Hz

- Amplitude: maximum value of sinusoidal quantity

- Frequency spectrum: description of quantity as a function of frequency

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How to define noise and vibration?

From time signal to frequency spectrum

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 Vibration, definitions
Natural frequency
A frequency of free vibrations in a system

Resonance
A state of coincidence between frequency of applied excitation and
system natural frequency

Critical frequency
A frequency at which resonance occurs

Resonance

Supercritical
Subcritical

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Vibration Mode

Node Node

Mode of vibration
Characteristic pattern related to the number of nodes (e.g. 2-node mode etc., see figure)

Mode shape
The relative amplitude curve

Node
Position of vibratory rest

Anti-node
Position of vibratory maxima

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What is noise?

Telephone TV-hum
Transformer Bandwidth
Hum

[Hz]

Vibration
Vibration Noise

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Noise - definitions

Low Medium High

noise noise noise

Sound pressure:

Lowest audible sound: appr. 20 x 10-6 Pa

Pain threshold: appr. 102 Pa

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Definition of sound pressure level

P
Sound Pressure Level: SPL = 20 log dB
Pref

P = Sound Pressure in Pascals [Pa]

Pref = 20 x 10-6 [Pa] (airborne)

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Noise – Frequency Weighing

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Typical noise levels

How about your office

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Hearing Damage

Sound Level (85 dB(A)), Time of exposure (8 h), Frequency content, Period of rest
in quiet environment, Individual sensitivity
Often the most common work related injury
Reduced hearing ability, tinnitus, increased risks in a working environment

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Regulatory Noise and Vibration Levels

Maritime Industry

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Rule and regulations

Examples of existing/frequently used noise and vibration requirements for

maritime industry
Classification societies
IMO
ISO

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Noise impacting passengers comfortable level onboard

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Vibration impacting passengers comfortable level onboard

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DNV GL Comfort Class

DNV GL Comfort Class

comprises a rating of

Noise
COMF-V(1-3)
Vibration

Indoor Climate COMF-C(1-3)

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DNV GL Comfort Class – Noise and Vibration limits

Passenger ships, Passenger Accommodation

Noise levels in dB(A)
Locations Comfort rating number (crn)
1 2 3
Passenger top grade cabins 44 47 50
Passenger cabins, standard 49 52 55
Public spaces 55 58 60
Open deck recreation 1) 65 68 70
1)5 dB(A) relaxation in sports areas, passage ways and near ventilation inlets
and outlets

Passenger Ships
Passenger Accommodation
Frequency weighted r.m.s values in mm/s from 1 Hz to 80 Hz.
Locations Comfort rating number (crn)
1 2 3
Passenger, top grade cabins 1.5 1.5 2.0
Passenger cabins, standard 1.5 2.0 3.0
Public spaces 1.5 2.0 3.0
Open deck recreation 2.0 2.7 3.5
For passenger ships with comfort rating 1, no single frequency component within
the frequency range 6.3 Hz to 12.5 Hz shall exceed 1 mm/s r.m.s (weighted).

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Why Comfort Class for offshore vesselsS?
14

In 1999 a major oil company 12

observed a considerable increase 10

of undesired incidents. 8

0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

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Comfort Class as part of SHE
The incidents occurred during operation of supply, anchor
handling and rescue vessels in the North Sea

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Parameters resulting in discomfort and reduced sleep/rest quality

At work onboard Off duty onboard

Sea motions 24 % Vibrations 34 %

Noise 22 % Sea motions 24 %

Climate 22 % Noise 22 %

Vibrations 17 % Climate 13 %

Contaminated 8% Others 5%
air
Light 6% Contaminated 2%
air
Others 2% Lys 0%

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DNV GL Comfort Class (1st of January 2014)

Cargo ships, Crew Accommodation1)

Noise levels in dB(A)
Locations Comfort rating number (crn)
<10 000 GT ≥10 000 GT
1 2 3 1 2 3
Wheelhouse 60 60 65 60 60 65
Radio room 55 55 60 55 55 60
Crew cabins 50 55 60 50 53 55
Crew public spaces 55 60 65 55 58 60
Hospital 55 58 60 55 55 55
Offices 60 60 65 55 58 60
Machinery control rooms 70 70 75 65 70 75
Open deck 70 70 75 70 73 75
1)For working areas, navigation spaces, service spaces, machinery rooms and spaces not
specified, the requirements of IMO MSC 337(91) Code on noise levels onboard ships apply.

Cargo ships
Crew Accommodation and working spaces
Frequency weighted r.m.s values in mm/s from 1 Hz to 80 Hz.
Locations Comfort rating number (crn)
1 2 3
Cabins 2.0 2.7 3.5
Mess/recreation rooms 2.0 2.7 3.5
Offices 2.0 2.7 3.5
Navigation bridge 2.0 2.7 3.5
Control Rooms 2.7 2.7 3.5
Work places 3.5 3.5 4.0
For cargo ships with comfort rating 3, except for work spaces, no single
frequency component within the frequency range 1.0 Hz to 8.0 Hz shall exceed
2.7 mm/s weighted r.m.s.

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Comfort Class has positive impact on SHE performance

15

Reduced number of accidents after implementation of Comfort Class

Today required on board all the major oil companies chartered service
12
vessels

10

1 1 1 1

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

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Well Intervention Vessel - COMF-V(1)C(1)

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Cruise Vessel – DNV Comfort Class

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LNG Tanker - COMF-V(1)C(2)

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Noise and vibration regulations and standards in maritime

ISO 6954 - Vibrations IMO - Noise

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ISO Standard 6954-1984 on Vibration

Max repetitive values

Max repetitive value= CF 2 ∗ r.m.s value

Conversion factor to be multiplied with the

measured value (1.8)
Adverse comments
probable
Each single frequency component to be
9 mm/s
assessed separately
4 mm/s
Adverse comments
not probable

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Broadband Vibration Criteria

ISO 6954-2000, Weighting Curve

1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6
Factor

0.5 Weighting Curce

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Hz

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ISO 6954-2000 Overall Vibration Criteria

Area Classification
A B C
mm/s2 mm/s mm/s2 mm/s mm/s2 mm/s
Values above which 143 4 214 6 286 8
adverse comments
are probable
Values below which 71.5 2 107 3 143 4
adverse comments
are not probable
Note: The zone between upper and lower values reflects the shipboard vibration
environment commonly experienced and accepted.

Overall frequency-weighted RMS values from 1Hz to 80Hz given as guidance for the
habitability of different areas on a ship.
– Classification A: Passenger cabins
– Classification B: Crew accommodation areas
– Classification C: Working areas

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IMO resolution A.468 (XII) on Noise 1981
Location IMO A.468
Work Spaces:
Recommended noise levels
- Machinery spaces (continuous manned) 90
Only for transit condition - Machinery spaces (not continuous manned) 110

- Engine Control Room 75

- Workshops 85

- Non-specified work spaces 90

Navigation spaces
- Wheelhouse, chart rooms and radar rooms 65

- Listening posts, incl nav. Bridge wings 75

- Radio rooms 60

Crew Accommodation Spaces

- Cabins and hospital 60

- Mess rooms 65
- Recreation Rooms 65

- Gymnasium 65
- Open deck recreation 75

- Offices 65
Service spaces

- Galleys (without food processing equipment in operation) 75

- Serveries and pantries 75

Normally unoccupied spaces

- Spaces not specified 90

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New IMO MSC Res.337(91)

This Code is legally treated as a mandatory instrument under the SOLAS Convention.

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New IMO MSC Res.337(91)

Not applicable
Applicable
Applicable with stricter criteria

GT < 1600 1600> GT < 10 000 GT > 10 000

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New IMO MSC Res.337(91) – Not applicable vessels

• Dynamically supported craft

• High-speed craft
• Fishing vessels
• Pipe-laying barges
• Crane barges
• Mobile offshore drilling units
• Pleasure yachts not engaged in trade
• Ships of war and troopships
• Ships not propelled by mech. means
• Pile driving vessels
• Dredgers

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New IMO MSC Res.337(91) – Noise level limits
Ship size
Designation of rooms and spaces 1,600 up to
≥10,000 GT
10,000 GT

Work spaces
Machinery spaces 110 110
Machinery control rooms 75 75
Workshops other than those forming part of machinery spaces 85 85
Non–specified work spaces (other work areas) 85 85

Navigation spaces
Navigating bridge and chartrooms 65 65

Look-out posts, incl. navigating bridge wings and windows 70 70

Radio rooms (with radio equipment operating but not producing
60 60
audio)
Radar rooms 65 65

Accommodation spaces
Cabin and hospitals 60 55
Messrooms 65 60
Recreation rooms 65 60
Open recreation areas (external recreation areas) 75 75
Offices 65 60
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New MSC Res.337(91) – Conditions

Transit condition
At no less than 80% of MCR

Thruster condition
At no less than 40% of MCR

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ABS – HAB for Workboats

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Regulatory Noise and Vibration Levels

Offshore Units

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Regulations

Examples of existing/frequently used noise and vibration requirements for

offshore installations
Classification societies
Company specific limits
OTO – British criteria and guidelines
NORSOK – Norwegian criteria and guidelines

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UK OTO – Noise criteria

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UK OTO – Vibration criteria

~0.4 mm/s peak

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NORSOK S-002 – Working Environment

Noise
Personnel Noise Exposure
Area Noise Levels (total noise)
Area Noise Levels (HVAC alone)
Sound absorption in some areas
Sound insulation between rooms

Vibration
Vertical & horizontal vibration of deck

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Vibration limits - NORSOK

Vibration limits based on ISO 2631-1

Based on a 12 hour working day
Specified as acceleration in the
frequency range 1 – 80 Hz
Vertical and horizontal direction

~0.4 mm/s peak

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Noise limits - NORSOK

Strict regime compared to IMO

Examples:
Area IMO NORSOK
Cabins 60 / 55 40 (45 for MoU)
Hospital 60 / 55 40 (45 for MoU)
Offices 65 / 60 45 (50 for MoU)

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DNV GL “Offshore Comfort Class” – Background
MoU owners and operators have requested DNV GL regulations or a class covering
the working environment on board offshore facilities.
References were frequently given to our Comfort Class for ships.
NORSOK/UK OTO sometimes found to be difficult to understand for owners and
yards.

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DNV GL “Offshore Comfort Class” - Overview

Covering the following (typical package defined as working environment):

Noise Vibration

Indoor Illumination
Climate (NEW)

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DNV GL-Human Comfort Standard Noise Level Limits
Process and utility modules
Drilling modules
Accommodation spaces

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DNV GL-Human Comfort Standard

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ABS – HAB for MODU

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VIBRATION Class

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Vibration could impact the structure fatigue

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DNV GL Vibration Class - VIBR

DNV GL Vibration Class gives vibration limits to machinery, equipment and

structures

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DNV Vibration Class - VIBR

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DNV Vibration Class - VIBR

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DNV Vibration Class - VIBR

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Stavangerfjord - VIBR

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Normand Arctic - VIBR

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Ramform Titan - VIBR

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VLCC Al Riqqa – Reference to VIBR

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SILENT Class

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Underwater Sound Levels

Ships Broadband source Source Broadband

underway level source level
(underwater dB at 1 m) (underwater dB at 1 m)
Tug and barge 171 dB Grey whale moans 142 - 185 dB

Supply ship 181 dB Bowhead whale tonals, 128 - 189 dB

moans, and song

Large tanker 186 dB Humpback whale song 144 - 174 dB

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Photo source: www.iucn.org
DNV GL Underwater Noise Notation – SILENT Environmental

DNV GL was the first class society

published underwater noise notation

DNV GL “SILENT” notation to alleviate

environmental impact and ensure
satisfactory operational performance

DNV GL © 2014 03.11.2016

Port Metro Vancouver: EcoAction Program
Receive Discounted Harbour Due Rates by Participating in EcoAction Program

DNV GL Silent Environmental (E)

notation will be included in the
EcoAction program for 2017.

The Gold Level recognition and 47%

discount on Harbour Dues will be
available for any qualified vessel
transiting to the Port of Vancouver
on January 1, 2017 and beyond.

http://www.portvancouver.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/4747-PMV-Eco-Action-Program-Brochure-Online.pdf

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Silent Sub-notation (R) – Research

Based on existing ICES 209, with a low frequency modification

Extremely demanding – Requires “submarine” technology

160.0

150.0
dB re. 1 X 10-6 Pa/m

140.0

130.0

120.0

110.0
10.0 20.0 40.0 80.0 160.0 315.0 630.0 1250.0 2500.0 5000.0 10000.0 20000.0 40000.0 80000.0
Frequency

11 kts free sailing

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Silent Sub-notation (F) – Fishery

Fishery (F)

170.0

160.0
dB re. 1 X 10-6 Pa/m

150.0

140.0

130.0

120.0
10.0 20.0 40.0 80.0 160.0 315.0 630.0 1250.0 2500.0 5000.0 10000.0 20000.0 40000.0 80000.0

Frequency

Heavy towing light search

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Silent Sub-notation (S) – Seismic

Vessels towing heavy streamers and airguns, hence, high propulsion power
demand

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Underwater Noise Disturbing Marine Operations

Disturbance of acoustical instrumentation

Inaccuracies induced
Masking = Non-function

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External Noise in Ports

Environment protection for

residential areas

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DNV GL Noise and Vibration
Control Programme

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