CONTENTS MANUAL OF AVIATION METEOROLOGY CHAPTER I THE ATMOSPHERE 11 THE COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE 1 12 VERTICAL DIVISIONS OF THE ATMOSPHERE 2 13 THETROPOSPHERE 2 14 ‘THE TROPOPAUSE 2 15 THE WEIGHT OF THE ATMOSPHERE 3 1.6 ‘THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ATMOSPHERE (SA) 3 CHAPTER 2 HEAT EXCHANGE PROCESSES 21 INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION 5 22 OUTGOING RADIATIVE 2.3 RADIATION BALANCE AND HEAT EXCHANGE. CHAPTER 3 AIR TEMPERATURE 3.1 MEASURING TEMPERATURE 9 3.2 SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE. 9 3.3 UPPER AIR TEMPERATURE 9 34 AIRCRAFT-MEASURED TEMPERATURE, 9 3.5 DIURNALVARIATION OF SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE 10 36 TEMPERATUREVARIATION INTHE VERTICAL WITHIN THE ‘TROPOSPHERE 10 CHAPTER 4 AIR DENSITY 44 THE DENSITY OF DRY AIR 13 4.2 ‘THE DENSITY OF MOIST AIR 2B 43 THEVARIATION OF AIR DENSITY WITH HEIGHT 13 44 DENSITY ALTITUDE 13 48 DENSITY/TEMPERATURE AND ALTIMETRY 16CONTENTS ~—— CHAPTER 5 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 5.1 THE MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, 7 52 VARIATION OF PRESSURE WITH ALTITUDE ” 53 ADJUSTMENT OF RECORDED PRESSURE TO STANDARD IEVELS 18 54 VARIATION OF SURFACE PRESSURE 18 55 PRESSURE GRADIENT 18 56 THE PRESSURE ALTIMETER 19 5.7 PRESSUREVALUES AND ALTITUDE, 19 58 ALTIMETER SETTINGS 19 59 FLYING WITH CHANGING GROUND PRESSURES 20 5.10 LOCALISED PRESSURE VARIATIONS 2 CHAPTER 6 VERTICAL STABILITY OF THE ATMOSPHERE 6.1 ADIABATIC PROCESSES AND LAPSE RATES a 62 DETERMINING STABILITY 2 63 ‘THE 'SkewT-LogP' ABROLOGICAL DIAGRAM 2 64 TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS 24 CHAPTER 7 MOIST AIR 74‘ THETHREE STATES OF WATER 2 72 MOISTURE CONTENT OFTHE ATMOSPHERE 29 73. RELATIVE HUMIDITY 2» 74 CONDENSATION 29 75 DEW-POINT 2» 7.6 THE FREEZING PROCESS 30 7.7 DEPOSITION 30 CHAPTER 8 cLouDs 8.1 CLOUD CLASSIFICATION 3t 82 CLOUD HEIGHT 3 83 CLOUD FORMATION Er 84 CLOUD BASE AND TOPS 3 85 CLOUD COMPOSITION 36 8.6 PRECIPITATION 36