Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and Experiments

Programme area 4
Fluid
Mechanics
104
Contents:
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics Hydraulic Fluid Energy Machines
■ Physics and Properties of Fluids ......................106 ■ Wind Turbines ...................................................122
■ Fundamentals of Hydrostatics ..........................107 ■ Hydroturbines ...................................................122
■ Flow around Bodies ..........................................107 ■ Power Machines ...............................................123
■ Fundamentals of Hydrodynamics .....................108 ■ Centrifugal Pumps ............................................124
■ Flow in Pipes .....................................................109 ■ Positive-Displacement Pumps ..........................124
■ Methods of Flow Rate Measurement ................109 ■ Fans ..................................................................125
■ Fluid Mechanics Compact: Fluidtutor ...............110
■ Turbomachines .................................................110
■ Open-Channel Flow ..........................................111 Components in Piping Systems
and Plant Design
Steady Flow
■ Cutaway Models ...............................................126
■ Fundamentals of Steady Flow ...........................112 ■ Assembly Exercises: Fittings ............................129
■ Steady Flow of Compressible Fluids ................114 ■ Assembly & Maintenance Exercises: Pumps ...130
■ Flow in Pipe Systems ........................................115 ■ Design of Complex Piping and
■ Flow in Valves ...................................................117 Plant Systems ...................................................131
■ Methods of Flow Rate Measurement ................117
■ Cavitation ..........................................................118
Fluidic Experimental
Plants 132
Examples of Transient Flow 119
Flow around Bodies 120
Catalogues
This is where you can find extensive information,
product descriptions and datasheets:
Offline
– Print catalogue, programme area 4
„Fluid Mechanics“
Online
at www.gunt.de/static/s10_1.php
Software for data acquisition/visualisation
105
Fluid Mechanics
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics
Physics and Properties of Fluids
www.gunt.de/g.s?12.1.144
WL 202 WL 203
Fundamentals of Temperature Fundamentals of Pressure
Measurement Measurement
Experimental introduction to temperature Measurement of positive and negative
measurement technology: methods, pressure with different measuring
areas of application, characteristics devices
Order number: 060.20200 Order number: 060.20300
HM 150.02 WL 102
Dead-Weight Piston Gauge Change of State of Gases
Pressure generation via weight-loaded Experimental investigation of gas laws
piston and changes of state
WL 204
Marcet Boiler
Pressure and temperature measurement
in a steam boiler
Order number: 060.20400
106
Fundamentals of Hydrostatics
HM 115 HM 150.05
Hydrostatics Trainer Hydrostatic Pressure Apparatus
A well equipped hydrostatics bench Investigation of fluid pressure on
allowing numerous experiments on the vessel walls
topic of hydrostatics of liquid and gases
HM 150.06 HM 150.39
Stability of Floating Bodies Floating Bodies for HM 150.06
Determining metacentre and buoyancy Comparison of two different hull shapes:
using a rectangular hull cross-section hard chine and round hull
Flow around Bodies
HM 150.10 HM 135
Visualisation of Streamlines Drag Coefficients for Spheres
Investigation of flow around models in Vertically falling body in liquid using
laminar, two-dimensional flow using ink specimens of different sizes and different
as contrast medium materials
Recommended for water supply:
HM 150 Base Module for Experiments in
Fluid Mechanics
107
Fluid Mechanics
Fundamentals of Hydrodynamics
HM 150.18 HM 150.07
Osborne Reynolds Experiment Bernoulli’s Principle
Visualisation of laminar and turbulent Static pressure and total pressure
flow distribution along the venturi nozzle
Recommended for water supply: Recommended for water supply:
HM 150 Base Module for Experiments in HM 150 Base Module for Experiments in
Fluid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics
HM 150.08 TM 605
Measurement of Jet Forces Coriolis Force Demonstrator
Demonstration of the principle of linear Apparent forces in a rotating reference
momentum and impact forces on system
interchangeable deflectors with different
deflection angles
Fluid Mechanics
HM 150.09 HM 150.12
Horizontal Outflow from Openings Vertical Outflow from Openings
Demonstration of Torricelli’s theorem in Determination of flow rate coefficients
visual form and flow rate for various water heads
Recommended for water supply: and experiments on discharge jets
HM 150 Base Module for Experiments in Recommended for water supply:
Fluid Mechanics HM 150 Base Module for Experiments in
Fluid Mechanics
HM 150.14 HM 150
Impeller Vortex Apparatus Base Module for Experiments in
Free and forced vortex and recognition Fluid Mechanics
of surface profiles Volumetric flow measurement for large
Recommended for water supply: and small flow rates
Fluid Mechanics
108
Flow in Pipes
HM 150.01 HM 150.29
Pipe Friction for Laminar/ Energy Loss in Piping Elements
Turbulent Flow Recording characteristic curves and
Determining the critical Reynolds determining the resistance coefficients
number Recommended for water supply:
Recommended for water supply: HM 150 Base Module for Experiments in
HM 150 Base Module for Experiments in Fluid Mechanics
Fluid Mechanics
HM 150.11
Pressure Losses in a Piping
System
Investigating the influence of flow rate
and cross-sectional profiles on pressure
loss in pipes and fittings
Fluid Mechanics
Methods of Flow Rate Measurement
HM 150.13
Methods of Flow Measurement
Comparison of different measuring
methods and determining the flow
coefficients
Fluid Mechanics
109
Fluid Mechanics
Fluid Mechanics Compact: Fluidtutor
HM 241
Fundamentals of Water Flow
Experiments on water flow in open
flumes and in pipes. Transparent design
allows observation of the flow processes
Turbomachines
HM 150.19 HM 150.20
Operating Principle of a Pelton Operating Principle of a Francis
Turbine Turbine
Model of a free jet turbine with Model of a reaction turbine with
adjustable nozzle and determination of adjustable guide vanes and
the efficiency determination of the efficiency
Recommended for water supply: Recommended for water supply:
HM 150 Base Module for Experiments in HM 150 Base Module for Experiments in
Fluid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics
HM 150.04 HM 150.16
Centrifugal Pump Series and Parallel Connected
Determining the characteristics of a Pumps
typical centrifugal pump Determining the characteristic curves and
Recommended for water supply: hydraulic power output and comparison
HM 150 Base Module for Experiments in of series and parallel operating modes
Fluid Mechanics Recommended for water supply:
Fluid Mechanics
110
Open-Channel Flow
HM 150.03 HM 150.21
Plate Weirs for HM 150 Visualisation of Streamlines in an
Measuring flow rate with plate weirs Open Channel
HM 150 Base Module for Experiments in Demonstrating flow and flow around
Fluid Mechanics required various drag bodies and weirs using ink
as contrast medium
Fluid Mechanics
HM 164
Open Channel and Closed
Channel Flow
Flow processes on different structures in
open and closed channel flows
HM 160
Experimental Flume 86x300mm
Experimental section for performing flow
experiments in open flumes with lengths
of 2,5m or 5m available, closed water
circuit and inclination adjustment
111
Fluid Mechanics
Steady Flow
Fundamentals of Steady Flow
HM 240 HM 240.03
Fundamentals of Airflow Electronic Total Pressure Sensor
Determining the fan characteristic curve Measurement of the velocity distribution
in the intake tube on HM 240
HM 240.04 HM 240.05
Cylinder Pressure Distribution Friction Losses in Pipe Fittings
Determining the pressure distribution Determination of the pressure losses in
around a cylinder in a transverse flow. various pipe fittings
Along with HM 240.03 determining the
pressure distribution behind the cylinder
in a transverse flow
HM 240.06
Heat Transfer at a Cylinder in
Transverse Flow
Investigation of heat transfer from a
heated rod to an air flow
HM 241
Fundamentals of Water Flow
Experiments on water flow in open
flumes and in pipes. Transparent design
allows observation of the flow processes
112
HM 220 HM 220.01
Airflow Study Unit Venturi Nozzle
Determining pipe friction, pressure For use with the HM 220 to investigate
loss and velocity profile using different the law of continuity and energy
measurement objects as inserts conservation
in the pipe
HM 220.02
Boundary Layer Flow
For use with the HM 220 to demonstrate
characteristics of boundary layer flow
HM 225 HM 225.03
Aerodynamics Trainer Bernoulli’s Principle
This is the base trainer for the Demonstration of the continuity equation
investigation of flow in aerodynamics and Bernoulli’s equation
and steady incompressible flow
HM 225.05 HM 225.07
Flow in a Pipe Bend Free Jets
Investigation of the flow through a pipe Investigation of flow from nozzles
bend
113
Fluid Mechanics
Steady Flow
Steady Flow of
Compressible Fluids
www.gunt.de/g.s?33.1
HM 230
Flow of Compressible Fluids
Investigation of subsonic and transonic
flow
HM 172
Supersonic Wind Tunnel with
Schlieren Optics
Demonstration and investigation of the
aerodynamic properties of various drag
bodies at subsonic or supersonic flow
HM 260 HM 261
Characteristics of Nozzles Nozzle Pressure Distribution
Measuring the impact or thrust force for Measuring the pressure curves in a
determining the discharge velocity and convergent nozzle and in Laval nozzles
the nozzle efficiency and to study the flow of compressible
fluids
114
Steady Flow
Flow in Pipe Systems
HL 102 HL 103
Pipe Friction Training Panel Fitting Loss Training Panel
Investigation of the pressure difference in 4 different measuring sections with
four equal-length pipe sections made of 10 elbows or bends each
different materials
HL 113 HL 210
Losses in Valves and Fittings Losses in Pipe Systems and
Training Panel Fittings
Investigation of the pressure loss of Investigation of friction loss in pipe
standard valves and fittings systems and fittings
HL 111
Fluid Friction Training Panel
Determining the friction loss in an open
pipe section
HM 120 HM 112
Pipe Fitting Loss Demo Panel Hydrodynamics Trainer
Investigation of flow and pressure losses An integral unit allowing a variety of
in different pipe sections basic experiments to be undertaken on
fluid mechanics
115
Fluid Mechanics
Steady Flow
Flow in Pipe Systems
HM 111
Various Pipe Networks
Investigation and analysis of different
pipe systems in relation to pressure and
flow rates
HM 124
Fluid Mechanics Experimental
Plant
Investigations on centrifugal pumps,
control valves, piping and fittings.
Large scale industrial components and
high-quality instrumentation deliver
realistic measurement results.
HM 122
Pressure Loss in Pipes
Experimental determination of important
coefficients related to pressure loss in
various pipe systems
116
Steady Flow
Flow in Valves
RT 390 RT 396
Test Stand for Control Valves Pump and Valves and Fittings Test
Design and function of control valves Stand
and determination of the Kv value Recording characteristic curves of
industrial fittings and a centrifugal pump
Steady Flow
Methods of Flow Rate Measurement
HM 500 Many flow meters are available as accessories.

Flow Meter Trainer
Comparison and calibration of different
flow meters
117
Fluid Mechanics
Steady Flow
Cavitation
HM 380 ST 250
Cavitation in Pumps Cavitation Demonstrator
Vapour bubble formation in flowing Investigation of cavitation process in a
fluids. Pressure measurement in the venturi nozzle
venturi tube
118
Examples of Transient Flow
HM 155
Water Hammers in Pipes
Investigation of water hammer and
pressure waves in pipes
HM 156
Water Hammers and Surge
Chamber
Investigation and visualisation of water
hammers in pipes and demonstration of
how a surge chamber works
HM 143 HM 150.15
Transient Drainage Processes in Hydraulic Ram – Pumping Using
Storage Reservoirs Water Hammers
Demonstration of the function of a Demonstration of the formation and
rainwater retention basin and a dam effect of water hammers and how a
hydraulic ram works
Fluid Mechanics
119
Fluid Mechanics
Flow around Bodies
HM 170
Open Wind Tunnel
Experiments from the field of
aerodynamics and fluid mechanics with
an „Eiffel“ type wind tunnel
HM 170.01 – HM 170.11 HM 170.22

Drag Bodies Pressure Distribution on an
Aerofoil
Effective lift force and flow separation for
different angles of attack
HM 170.24 HM 170.28
Boundary Layer Analysis with Wake Measurement
Pitot Tube Investigation of the pressure distribution
Investigation of the boundary layer on a behind a cylinder subject to surrounding
flat plate with flow along the plate flow
HM 152 HM 153
Potential Flow Visualisation of Different Flows
Visualisation of streamlines in a Visualisation of flow around bodies and
Hele-Shaw cell using ink as contrast flow phenomena in open channels and
medium pipes
120
HM 225 HM 225.02
Aerodynamics Trainer Boundary Layers
This is the base trainer for the Investigation of boundary layers on a flat
investigation of flow in aerodynamics plate with flow along the plate
and steady incompressible flow
HM 225.04 HM 225.06
Drag Forces Coanda Effect
Investigation of drag forces on models Investigation of wall-guided airflow
under surrounding flow and familiarisation with the principle of
pneumatic logic elements
HM 225.08
Visualisation of Streamlines
Visualisation of streamlines using fog as
the visual aid
HM 226 HM 133
Wind Tunnel for Visualisation of Visualisation of Flow Fields
Streamlines Visualisation of laminar and turbulent
Visualisation of streamlines in a wind flow processes in a water channel using
tunnel using fog as the visual aid electrolytically generated hydrogen
bubbles
CE 220 HM 136
Fluidised Bed Formation Flow through Packed Columns
Investigation of fluidised bed formation Comparison of different modes of
of solids in air and water operation; water and/or air, parallel flow
or counterflow mode
121
Fluid Mechanics
Hydraulic Fluid Energy Machines
Wind Turbines
ET 220 ET 220.01
Energy Conversion in a Wind Wind Generator
Power Station Connection to ET 220; outdoor
Conversion of kinetic wind energy into installation allows practically relevant
electrical energy investigations
Hydroturbines
HM 288 HM 289
Experiments with a Reaction Experiments with a Pelton Turbine
Turbine Record characteristics of a free jet
Record characteristics of a turbine turbine
based on the reaction force
HM 291 HM 290
Experiments with an Action Supply Unit for Turbines
Turbine Water supply for HM 288, HM 289 and
Record characteristics of an axial HM 291
impulse turbine
122
HM 287 HM 405
Experiments with an Axial Turbine Axial-Flow Turbomachines
Record characteristics of an axial Function of a turbomachine;
reaction turbine configuration as pump or turbine with
interchangeable guide wheels and
impellers
HM 450.01 HM 450.02
Pelton Turbine Francis Turbine
Model of a free jet turbine with speed Model of a reaction turbine with speed
and torque measurement and torque measurement; adjustable
guide vanes
HM 450C
Characteristic Variables
of Hydraulic Turbomachines
Trainer for determining output and
efficiency of turbines and pumps
Order number: 070.450C0
Power Machines
HM 299
Comparison of Positive
Displacement Machines and
Turbomachines
Investigation of different turbomachines
and reciprocating machines
123
Fluid Mechanics
Centrifugal Pumps
HM 283 HM 284
Experiments with a Centrifugal Series and Parallel Connected
Pump Pumps
Determination of the characteristics of a Demonstration of series, parallel and the
centrifugal pump individual operation of centrifugal pumps
HM 300 HM 332
Hydraulic Circuit with Centrifugal Pump Curves for Parallel and for
Pump Series Connection
Demonstration of a simple centrifugal A test rig for the investigation of series
pump circuit and parallel operation of two centrifugal
pumps
Positive-Displacement Pumps
HM 285 HM 286
Experiments with a Piston Pump Experiments with a Gear Pump
Record characteristics of a reciprocating Record characteristics of a rotary
positive-displacement pump positive-displacement pump
124
Fans
HM 280 HM 210
Experiments with a Radial Fan Characteristic Variables of a
Operating behaviour and characteristic Radial Fan
variables of a radial fan Determining the flow rate through iris
diaphragm or venturi nozzle
HM 292 HM 282
Experiments with a Centrifugal Experiments with an Axial Fan
Compressor Operating behaviour and parameters of
Demonstration of a two-stage an axial fan
compressor
HM 215
Two-Stage Axial-Flow Fan
Determining the characteristics of a
two-stage axial fan
125
Fluid Mechanics
Components in Piping Systems and Plant Design
Cutaway Models
HM 700.01 HM 700.02
Cutaway Model: Standard Orifice Cutaway Model: Flow Nozzle
Plate
HM 700.03 HM 700.04
Cutaway Model: Standard Venturi Cutaway Model: Straight-Way
Meter Valve
HM 700.05 HM 700.06
Cutaway Model: Corner Valve Cutaway Model: Angle Seat Valve
HM 700.07 HM 700.08
Cutaway Model: Non-Return Valve Cutaway Model: Pressure
Reducing Valve
126
HM 700.09 HM 700.10
Cutaway Model: Strainer Cutaway Model: Gate Valve
HM 700.11 HM 700.12
Cutaway Model: Straight-Way Cutaway Model: 3-Way Plug Valve
Plug Valve
HM 700.13 HM 700.14
Cutaway Model: Ball Valve Cutaway Model: Safety Valve
HM 700.15 HM 700.16
Cutaway Models: Various Screwed Cutaway Models: Pressure
Pipe Connections Gauges
HM 700.17 HM 700.20
Cutaway Model: Centrifugal Pump Cutaway Model: Piston Pump
127
Fluid Mechanics
Cutaway Models
HM 700.22 VS 101
Cutaway Model: Gear Pump Cutaway Model: Underground
Hydrant
VS 102 VS 103
Cutaway Model: Resilient Seated Cutaway Model: Screw Down
Gate Valve Valve
VS 104 VS 105
Cutaway Model: Changeover Valve Cutaway Model: Gas Meter
VS 106 VS 107
Cutaway Model: Backflow Cutaway Model: Non-Return
Preventer Butterfly Valve
128
VS 108 VS 109
Cutaway Model: Water Meter Cutaway Model: Strainer
Assembly Exercises: Fittings
MT 154 MT 156
Assembly Exercise: Shut-off Valve Assembly Exercise: Wedge Gate
Planning, assembly, disassembly: Valve and Angle Seat Valve
function and design of a shut-off valve Assembly, disassembly and
maintenance of industrial fittings
MT 157 MT 158
Assembly Exercise: Butterfly Valve Assembly Exercise: Ball Valve
and Non-Return Valve and Shut-off Valve
Assembly, disassembly and Assembly, disassembly and
maintenance of industrial fittings maintenance of industrial fittings
MT 162
Hydraulic Valves and Fittings Test
Stand
Pressure test for GUNT assembly
projects MT 154, MT 156, MT 157 and
MT 158
129
Fluid Mechanics
Assembly & Maintenance

Exercises: Pumps
MT 180 MT 181
Assembly & Maintenance Assembly & Maintenance
Exercise: Centrifugal Pump Exercise: Multistage Centrifugal
Understanding design and function Pump
of the pump; planning and executing Understanding design and function
assembly, disassembly and maintenance of the pump; planning and executing
assembly, disassembly and maintenance
MT 185 MT 184
Exercise: In-Line Centrifugal Exercise: Piston Pump
Pump Understanding design and function
Understanding design and function of the pump; planning and executing
of the pump; planning and executing assembly, disassembly and maintenance
MT 183 MT 186
Exercise: Diaphragm Pump Exercise: Gear Pump
Understanding design and function Understanding design and function
of the pump; planning and executing of the pump; planning and executing
assembly, disassembly and maintenance assembly, disassembly and maintenance
MT 182
Assembly & Maintenance
Exercise: Screw Pump
Understanding design and function
of the pump; planning and executing
130
Design of Complex Piping

and Plant Systems
HL 960 HL 960.01
Assembly Station: Pipes and Assembly and Alignment of
Valves and Fittings Pumps and Drives
Assembly of real piping and plant Installation and removal of pumps
installations; together with HL 960.01: in plants; supply for HL 960 with
operational testing on a pipe network pressurised water
131
Fluid Mechanics
Fluidic Experimental Plants
HM 124
Fluid Mechanics Experimental
Plant
Investigations on centrifugal pumps,
control valves, piping and fittings.
Large scale industrial components and
high-quality instrumentation deliver
realistic measurement results.
red = pipe section

green = control panel
orange = pump
blue = supply tank*
*if there is enough space, a second tank

can be installed on a lower level below the
experimental plant.
HM 362 HM 405
Comparison of Pumps Axial-Flow Turbomachines
Investigate operating behaviour of Function of a turbomachine;
centrifugal pumps, piston pump and configuration as pump or turbine with
side channel pump interchangeable guide wheels and
impellers
132
HL 962 HL 962.01
Assembly Stand for Pumps Standard Chemicals Pump
Base unit when constructing a complex Typical pump as used in process
piping system engineering
HL 962.02 HL 962.03
Canned Motor Pump Side Channel Pump
Hermetic centrifugal pump, particularly Self-priming three-stage pump
suitable for pumping liquid gases
HL 962.04
Standard Chemicals Pump with
Magnetic Clutch
Hermetic centrifugal pump according to
ISO 5199

Possible combination of individual components

into a functional pumping system
1. Assembly stand for pumps (HL 962)
2. Pumps, various types (HL 962.01 - HL 962.04)
3. Tank installation (HL 962.30)
4. Piping system to interconnect the plant
components (HL 962.32)
133
Fluid Mechanics
Fluidic Experimental Plants
HM 215
Two-Stage Axial-Flow Fan
Determining the characteristics of a
two-stage axial fan
HL 710
Air Duct Systems
Planning and set-up of simple and
complex air duct systems
ST 510
Sewerage System Demonstration
Demonstration of key aspects of
wastewater technology. Transparent
piping system allows view of the inside
to observe the flow conditions
134
First-rate
Handbooks
GUNT's policy is simple: high quality
hardware and clearly developed
accompanying instructional
materials ensure successful
teaching and learning about an
experimental unit.
The core of the accompanying materials are detailed
reference experiments that we have carried out. The
description of the experiment contains the actual
experiment setup right through to the interpretation of the
results and findings. A group of experienced engineers
develops and maintains the instructional materials.
Nevertheless, we are here to help should any questions

remain unanswered, either by phone or – if necessary –
on site.
135

Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and Experiments

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Programme area 4

Examples of Transient Flow 119

Flow around Bodies 120

Software for data acquisition/visualisation

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

Physics and Properties of Fluids

Order number: 060.20200 Order number: 060.20300

Order number: 070.15002 Order number: 060.10200

Order number: 060.20400

Order number: 070.11500 Order number: 070.15005

Order number: 070.15006 Order number: 070.15039

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

Flow around Bodies

Order number: 070.15010 Order number: 070.13500

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

Order number: 070.15018 Order number: 070.15007

Order number: 070.15009 Order number: 070.15012

Order number: 070.15014 Order number: 070.15000

Order number: 070.15001 Order number: 070.15029

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

Methods of Flow Rate Measurement

Order number: 070.15013

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

Fluid Mechanics Compact: Fluidtutor

Order number: 070.24100

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

Order number: 070.16400

Order number: 070.16000

Fundamentals of Steady Flow

Order number: 070.24000 Order number: 070.24003

Order number: 070.24004 Order number: 070.24005

Order number: 070.24006

Order number: 070.24100

Order number: 070.22000 Order number: 070.22001

Order number: 070.22002

Order number: 070.22500 Order number: 070.22503

Order number: 070.22505 Order number: 070.22507

Order number: 070.23000

Order number: 070.17200

Order number: 070.26000 Order number: 070.26100

Flow in Pipe Systems

Order number: 065.10200 Order number: 065.10300

Order number: 065.11300 Order number: 065.21000

Order number: 065.11100

Order number: 070.12000 Order number: 070.11200

Flow in Pipe Systems

Order number: 070.11100

Order number: 070.12400

Order number: 070.12200

Order number: 080.39000 Order number: 080.39600

Methods of Flow Rate Measurement

HM 500 Many flow meters are available as accessories.

Order number: 070.50000

Order number: 070.38000 Order number: 066.25000

Order number: 070.15500

Order number: 070.15600

Flow around Bodies

Order number: 070.17000

HM 170.01 – HM 170.11 HM 170.22

Order number: 070.17022

Order number: 070.17024 Order number: 070.17028

Order number: 070.15200 Order number: 070.15300

Order number: 070.22500 Order number: 070.22502

Possible combination of individual components