Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
Pathology, Infection and Disease
Age.
Nutritional status.
Diet.
Health status.
Disability.
Hospitalization.
Emotional status.
Stress.
Climate.
Personal hygiene.
Lifestyle.
Living condition.
Relationship between Normal Microbiota and the Host
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____________________________________________.
Probiotics: ________________________________
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Relationship between Normal Microbiota and the Host
5b Microorganisms
are identified.
Contagious disease.
A disease that is easily spread from one host to another.
Noncommunicable disease.
A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another.
ANIMATION Epidemiology: Overview
Occurrence of a Disease
Fatigue.
Age.
Lifestyle.
Chemotherapy.
Development of Disease
Prodromal Period.
Shortperiod that follows period of incubation.
Characterized by the appearance of the first mild signs
and symptoms.
Period of Illness.
The disease is most severe and all disease signs and
symptoms are apparent.
Number of WBC may increase/decrease.
Period of Decline.
The signs and symptoms subside
Period of Convalescence.
The body returns to its prediseased state, and health is
restored.
Recovery has occurred.
Number of microbes
Time
Prodromal period (mild signs or symptoms)
The stages of a disease.
illness
Period of
and symptoms
Most severe signs
decline
Period of
symptoms
Signs and
Period of convalescence
The Spread of Infection
Droplet transmission
Transmission of Disease
Chain of transmission
Percentage
Percentage of
Resistant to
Total Infections
Antibiotics
Coagulase-negative 15% 89%
staphylococci
S. aureus 15% 80%
Enterococcus 10% 4–71%
Gram-negative rods 15–25% 3–32%
C. difficile 13% Not reported
Nosocomial (Hospital-Acquired) Infections
The CDC (Centre for Disease and Prevention), NIH and WHO
are responsible for surveillance and responses to emerging
infectious disease.
Their priorities include:
To detect, promptly investigate and monitor emerging infectious
pathogens, the diseases they cause and factors that influence their
emergence.
To expand basic and applied research on ecological and
environmental factors, microbial changes and adaptations, and host
interactions that influence EIDs.
To enhance the communication of public health information and the
prompt implementation of prevention strategies regarding EIDs.
To establish plans to monitor and control EIDs worldwide.
Epidemiology