Aryana Indarjeet

LAB REPORT #3: Genetics

Biology I, Pre-Health Sciences – Durham College, Fall 2018

/25 marks
EVALUATION NOTES

Read before submitting:

• The pre-lab quiz and lab report are worth 5% of

your final grade.

• This lab report is due by 11:59 pm on the due

date established by your instructor.

a. A report submitted after this due date is

considered late and will result in a grade of
0 unless a late submission is negotiated.
b. A negotiated late submission is a lab report
that has been submitted late for valid
reasons with the written permission of the
instructor. It is the responsibility of the
student to request permission to negotiate a
late submission no later than 48 hours prior
to the due date. Late submissions are
penalized 10% per day up to a max of 3
days (including weekends). After that a zero
is assigned.

• This lab report should be submitted online to the DC Connect Assignments folder.

a. The report should be submitted using a fillable PDF available on DC Connect.

An instructional video is posted on how to use a fillable PDF (or click here).
Unless otherwise directed, submissions made by other means (E.g. email or
hard copy) will not be accepted and will result in a grade of 0.
b. Computer malfunctions or technical issues are not accepted as excuses for
late or missing reports. TIP: Submit your report early so that you have time to
resolve any potential technical issues prior to the deadline.

• While students work in pairs to complete labs, each student must submit their own
original work.

1
PART 1 – DNA EXTRACTION

1. Answer the questions below regarding the extraction of DNA from a banana.
a) (2 marks) A buffer solution was used to extract DNA from a banana (p. 38 of
manual). Using the table below, CHOOSE TWO of the components listed and
identify the role that it plays during the DNA extraction process, i.e. why was
this component needed? Remember to answer IN YOUR OWN WORDS.

Buffer Component Role in DNA Extraction Process

NaCl helps to keep the DNA molecule stable by neutralizing the charge of
NaCl the DNA so it is less likely to break down in the solution.

Sodium
bicarbonate

Detergents contain harsh chemicals (ex. sulfates) that

Detergent can remove fats and proteins from the nuclear and
plasma membrane of a cell. This allows the DNA to be
released from the cell, into the solution.
b) (1.5 marks) Submit a photo of your sketch after the 70% isopropanol was
added to the banana-buffer filtrate (step 5 on p. 38 of your lab manual.) On
your diagram, label the following: aqueous phase, non-aqueous phase, DNA

c) (1.5 marks) Describe the look of the DNA after you collected it via spooling with
a toothpick (step 7 on p. 38 of your lab manual). Consider the colour, shape,
consistency, etc and be sure to list at least THREE descriptive terms.
Jelly-like consistency
__________________ ___________________
Milky (clear white colour) __________________
Stringy

d) (1 mark) Would this experiment produce DNA if we used strawberries instead of

bananas? Explain why or why not.

Select: Yes
YES/NO
Explanation: _____________________________________________________
This experiment would produce DNA if we used strawberries because strawberries also have DNA since they're a living organism.

2
PART 2 – DNA CONSTRUCTION

2. (8 marks) Submit a photo of the DNA model you constructed (Step 5 on p. 43 of the
lab manual).
TIP 1: Crop/zoom your image so that all components are clear to the viewer.
TIP 2: Verify that your model meets the 8 requirements present in the checklist.
TIP 3: Remember to include the original DNA code given to you by your instructor.
CGT AGA
DNA code given to you by your instructor: _____________________________

3
PART 3 – KARYOTYPES

3. (6 marks) Complete Table 3.1 with data from page 45 of the lab manual.

Karyo- Sex or somatic Male or female Trisomy? Monosomy?

type cell? cell? If so, which If so, which
How do you know? How do you know? chromosomes # is it? chromosome # is it?

F Somatic cell because

Male
there
cellare
because There
22 pairs
there isisan
noXtrisomy
of autosomes,andand present
Y There
chromosome
1 pairisof
sosexpresent.
chromosomes.
monosomy present.

G Somatic cell because there cell

Female are because
22 pairsThere
of autosomes
thereisisno
aX andThere
only one
chromosome
trisomy a sex chromosome
is present,
present. but no
monosomy is pr
Y chrom
present on

H Somatic cell because

Female
therebecause
are 21 pairs
there
There
ofare
autosomes,
istwo
a trisomy
X chromosomes,
one
present
set ofison
There 3no
chromosomes
but
chromosome
no Y chromosomes
monosomy #21.
on chro
Thi
present.

4
PART 4 – APPLYING YOUR KNOWLEDGE

4. Imagine that you are working as an intern in a genetics laboratory at Mount Sinai
Hospital in Toronto, ON. Your manager asks you to help her with the analysis of a
patient who is suspected of having Klinefleter syndrome, a disorder that affects the
levels of testosterone present within the body.
a) (0.5 mark) Perform an Internet search on Klinefelter syndrome. What
chromosomal abnormality is present in people with this disorder?

People with Klinefelter Syndrome have a chromosome abnormality resulting in two X chromosomes and one Y chromosomes.

b) (1.5 marks) Given the karyotype of the patient below, does this person have
Klinefelter syndrome? Justify your answer using the information you discovered in
part (a).

Select YES/NO
Yes
Explanation:
___________________________________
There are two X chromosomes present, along with a Y chromosome. This indicates that this person has
Klinefelters Syndrome

___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________

c) (0.5 mark) What term is used to describe the error during meiosis that leads to
disorders such as Klinefelter syndrome? ________________________________
non-disjunction

d) (1 mark) Which of the following describes the karyotype from part (b)? Select all
that apply.
✔ The chromosomes came from a single cell
❑
❑ The chromosomes were extracted from a sex cell
❑ The chromosomes were extracted using a buffer solution of water, NaCl,
sodium bicarbonate and detergent as well as an alcohol like isopropanol

e) (1.5 marks) If you were to zoom in on one of the chromosomes present in the
karyotype, what would you see? List at least 3 points.

- Nucleotides (phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogenous base)

- DNA backbone

- DNA double helix