WASTEWATER DESIGN

BFA40403

GROUP PROJECT
DESIGN OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

LECTURER : PROF. MADYA DR. ZAWAWI BIN DAUD

SECTION :1

STUDENT MATRIC NO.

Mohd Haziq Bin Mazlan DF150010

Mohammad Azwan Bin Arifin DF150044

Nurul Nabiha Nadia Binti Abd Aziz DF150023

Syazwi Hakimi Bin Saaidin DF150042

GROUP MEMBER’S PROFILE

NAME

MATRIX NO

NO PHONE

NAME MOHD HAZIQ BIN MAZLAN

MATRIX NO DF 150010

NO PHONE 019-7489016

NAME MOHAMMAD AZWAN BIN ARIFIN

MATRIX NO DF150044

NO PHONE 018-3847428

NAME SYAZWI HAKIMI BIN SAAIDIN

MATRIX NO DF 150042

NO PHONE 017-9660108

NAME NURUL NABIHA NADIA BINTI ABD AZIZ

MATRIX NO DF150023
 NO PHONE 019-7248432

ABSTRACT

Waste water treatment system become a must for every area in ensuring the healthy
conditions and good quality resources for the purpose of human needs in daily activities.
Therefore, waste water treatment concept and design approach covering the elements of
treating domestic and industrial waste water. This report has been organized starting from
introduction, background of study, site plan layout, methodology, design calculation and
conclusion. Chapter 1 consists of basic concepts related to waste water and types of treatment
process involves. Chapter 2 explain the details of research background considering the
information of this project and location, while Chapter 3 is site plan layout which has been
attached into the report for the purpose of referring for the purpose of designing waste water
treatment plant. Chapter 4 includes the methodology where the design consideration of
sewage treatment plant based on Malaysia Sewerage Industry Guidelines (Volume IV).
Design and calculation of each stage of treatment system which including primary screen, grit
chamber, grease chamber, balancing tank, sedimentation tank and biological treatment has
been comprised in Chapter 5. Last but not least, Chapter 6 including the overall view of waste
water treatment plant which has been designed in this project.
 LIST OF CONTENT

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Background of study

3.0 Site plan layout

4.0 Methodology

5.0 Design and calculation

5.1 Primary Screen

5.2 Grit Chamber

5.3 Grease Chamber

5.4 Balancing Tank

5.5 Sedimentation Tank

5.6 Biological Treatment

6.0 Conclusion
1.0 Introduction

In rapid growth of urbanization and increasing population, the sources of clean water
continuously decreasing which leads to science and engineering of waste water treatment has
been greatly used for the purpose of maintaining the good quality of water. Generally, waste
water can be defined as liquid which contains impurities or pollutants in the form of solids,
liquids or gases such a concentration that is harmful if disposed into the environment.
Impurities which contained in waste water are involves solids such as organics and inorganic
that trapped in water in the form of suspended solids, colloidal or the combination of both.

Without treatment of waste water before the process of discharge to stream or river, it
cause pollution to aquatic environment. Therefore, waste water treatment plant used in order
to eliminate pollutants and reduce the level of pollutant right before release the water to
environment. Basically, the sources of waste water generation classified into several parts
which including domestic wastewater that means the flows discharged from residential areas
generated from food preparation, laundry, cleaning and personal hygiene. Other than that,
industrial wastewater is flow generated and discharged from manufacturing and commercial
activities such as printing, food and beverage processing and production.

In the context of completing waste water treatment, it comprises preliminary treatment or

called as conventional treatment system where it is mainly involves the process of removing
floating materials and inorganic particulate contents of waste water that usually cause
maintenance or operational problems in primary and secondary treatments of waste water.
Next, primary treatment system involves the removal of most of the large floating materials
takes place in the screen chamber and most of the heavy suspended solids are separated in the
grit chamber. In secondary treatment system, waste water that released from primary
treatment is the further treated for the process of removal of colloidal and soluble organic
matter present in waste water. Lastly, tertiary treatment system which the effluent from
secondary treatment system is further treated to reduce or remove the concentration of
residual impurities.
2.0 Background of study

The site area is located at Sri Gading, Batu Pahat in Johore where a new residential area
namely as Taman Mutiara Gading will be developed by Johor Land Berhad. The project
consists of low cost terrace houses and low cost apartment. Shop lots, commercial area and
hospital will also be developed. Those low cost houses and apartment are built for the
purpose of providing a convenient home facility for community needs with affordable price
for each unit of houses. The goals of this project is to ensure that the people who resides in
Batu Pahat will afford to own a house as we believe that housing prices in this area has
continuously increases in each year. The project designed as a high rise apartment building is
due to limited spacing area of land. Besides, the project of the building was designed to
ensure the residents’ comfort level as it includes 3 bedrooms, 2 toilets, and a kitchen with
secure and conducive environment. Moreover, landscaping on the outside of apartment
building contributes to clear and welcoming entry to residents.

Location of the site is proposed at Sri Gading in Batu Pahat, Johore. Sri Gading is a
township in Batu Pahat, Johore that is located between Batu Pahat and Parit Raja. The
township includes many commercial lots, residential areas, school, hospital, and mosque.
Furthermore, it is situated beside the main road that connects Batu Pahat and Kluang namely
as Jalan Kluang as shown in Figure 3.1. This Taman Mutiara Gading is set to house people
around Batu Pahat as well as accommodates them with the new KPJ Hospital since there is
no hospital situated along Jalan Kluang.
Figure 2.1: Key plan layout
3.0 Site plan layout

Figure 2.2: Site plan layout

4.0 Methodology

4.1 Typical Treatment Process Flow Chart

In waste water handling , the treatment is important as the function is to reduce or complete
the removal of excessive impurities present before start the design of waster treatment plant.
For the simplest word, it can be said the waste water is nothing but the used water or liquid
waste generated by the community in excess of the permitted or regulated statutory limit. The
excessive impurities imply to the constituent or concentration which is more than the
acceptable levels for final disposal. The partial reduction of impurities depends on the
intended level of treatment. Hence , the objective of the treatment is dispose the final effluent
into the body of water or land based on the specific constituents or in acceptable limits
prescribed by the statutory body like Pollution Control Boards or local authorities (
municipalities ).

Usually , the treatment units are designed to carry out specific function on the principle
of either one or combination of the means employed. The treatment unit involved for the
waste water treatment are physical , chemical and biological which all the unit will be
classified under unit operation or unit process. Unit operation is under application of physical
forces which category of major treatment method are consists the screening , mixing ,
flocculation , sedimentation , floatation , elutriation , vacuum filtration and heat transfer or
drying.

For the unit processes type , the use of chemical ,biological mass and microbial activities are
normally added to the wastewater treatment to remove the contaminants. The agent used for
this treatment are classified into the chemical unit process and biological unit process. The
different for this two class is about the reduction or removal brought by the agent. The
chemical unit process reduction is brought by the chemical reaction while biological is
brought by the microorganism. A typical wastewater treatment plant usually comprises units
selected from physical operations and biological or chemical processes in various
combination. Figure 4.1 shows a typical schematic flow diagram of a sewage treatment plant.
 Figure 4.1 : Typical schematic flow diagram for sewage treatment plant.

4.2 Treatment System

The combination used for the available unit operation and process in treatment for particular
waste water was called as a treatment system. The treatment system based on the Malaysia
Sewerage Industry Guideline was divided into four system which are preliminary treatment
system , primary treatment system , secondary system and bio solids handling. Each of the
system type provide their own function in removal of material or impurities while their
design requirement to build the system must be followed the MSIG for approval sewage
treatment plant. These requirements have been formulated as a gradual change in sewage
treatment method for Malaysia prior to enforcement of ultimate requirement. Figure 2.1
shows the design requirement for each stage of the sewage treatment process.
 Figure 4.2 : Design requirement for each stage of the sewage treatment process

4.2.1 Preliminary Treatment System

The function of preliminary treatment system or other name pretreatment in conventional

treatment is to removed floating material and large inorganic particulate contents of
wastewater usually cause maintenance or operational problem in primary and secondary
treatments of wastewater. In the preliminary system , there have primary and secondary
screen , pump station , grit or grease removal and balancing tank. The function of all unit is
shown below :
a) Primary and secondary screen : To remove large size floating material. This is mandatory
requirement and requirement for design must be follow table section 5.2 and 5.4 .
b) Pump station : Domestic wastewater is usually collected in a sump or holding tank then
pumped to the higher levels of treatment units. This is optional requirement and the
design requirement must be follow table section 5.3 .
c) Grit chamber : Remove up to 0.20 mm size suspended settleable solids of specific
gravity 2.60. This is mandatory requirement and the design requirement must be follow
table section 5.5.
d) Skimming tank : Remove excessive oil and grease from the wastewater. This is optional
requirement and the design requirement must be follow table section 5.6.

Table section 5.2 ( Primary screen )

Table section 5.4 ( Secondary screen )

Table section 5.3

Table section 5.5

Table section 5.6

4.2.2 Primary Treatment System

In the primary treatment system , all unit in the preliminary treatment systems are included
but the only unit was added for this treatment which is primary sedimentation tank ( PST ) or
primary clarifier. The function of the primary clarifier is reduce about 60% to 70% of fine
settleable suspended solids which include about 30% to 32% of organic suspended solids.
Colloidal and soluble organic content of wastewater is not removed in this system because
it will remove in the secondary treatment unit. Primary sedimentation also an optional
requirement in design based on the MSIG but if the design is needed , it can follow the design
requirement in table section 5.7.

Table section 5.7

4.2.3 Secondary Treatment System

Secondary treatment system or secondary clarifier is a further system from the primary
treatment system which treated the removal of colloidal and soluble organic matter present in
the wastewater. In this system , the biological process was employed to remove the remaining
colloidal and soluble organic content. Other than that , the activated sludge process (ASP)
and secondary settling tank (SST) has been provided in this system. The ASP is an aeration
basin with return sludge facility or the orthers name is trickling filter means a basin with
fixed filter media filter. Biological treatment and secondary sedimentation are mandatory
requirement in the treatment process based on the MSIG.

Table section 5.8 (ASP)

 Table section 5.9 (Trickling Filter )

Table section 5.9 ( Secondary clarifier )

4.2.4 Tertiary or Advanced Treatment System

The tertiary system is a further system from the secondary treatment system which is treated
to reduce the concentration of residual impurities. The treatment usually for the industrial
wastewater and it is very expensive. The system is normally when it is found that :
a) The quality of conventionally treated wastewater (secondary effluent) is unsuitable for
final disposal requirements into the body of water.
b) The concentrations of residual organic materials or suspended require further reduction
after the secondary treatment.
c) The concentrations of residual nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus is high for final
disposal.

Based on the MSIG, after the secondary treatment process is the mandatory to design flow
measurement device to monitoring the plant operation.The design requirement for flow
device shown in table section 5.11.The purpose of flow device are :

a) To maintain flow records periodically for future reference especially when plant
expansion is needed.
b) To identify the flow pattern which may be due to population growth or infiltration.
c) To establish operational cost for treatment of sewage.
 Table section 5.11

After the flow device is design the sludge produce are managed and treated well before the
disposal. Then minimum requirement for sludge treatment is to achieve stabilize sludge with
20% dry solid content. The ultimate aim for sludge treatment is to achieve at a minimum
stablised sludge with dry solids content of 20% for final disposal. Hence , the sludge
thickening is used to increase the solids content by removing a portion of the liquid fraction
but it is only optional requirement in MSIG. It is generally accomplished by physical means
include co settling , gravity settling , flotation , centrifugation , gravity belt and rotary drum.
Table section 5.12 show the design requirement for sludge thickening equipment.
 Table section 5.12

Sludge treatment and disposal strategy

5.0 Design and calculation

Determination of Population Equivalent (PE)

Below are the total number of buildings in the site plan :

Terrace House = 1599 units

Apartment = 1060 units

Office Shop = 113 units

Low Cost Shop house = 6 units

Commercial Lot = 2 units

Hospital = 1 unit (90 beds)

The values of PE for each building are as follows :

PETerrace House = 1599 units (5 per house)

= 7995

PEApartment = 1060 units (5 per house)

= 5300

PEOffice Shop = 142 m2 (113 units)

16046 𝑚2
=
100 𝑚2

= 161 (3)

= 483

669 𝑚2
PELow Cost =
100 𝑚2

= 6.69 (3)

= 20
 40469 𝑚2
PECommercial =
100 𝑚2

= 405 (3)

= 1215

PEHospital = (90 beds) (4 per bed)

= 360

Determination of peak flow

Total PE = 7995 + 5300 + 483 + 20 + 1215 + 360

= 15373

Average daily per capita water supply = 225 ℓpcd (litres per capita per day)

Average flow,

Qavg = PE x 225 ℓpcd

= 15373 x 225 ℓpcd

= 3.45 x 106 ℓpcd

= 3.45 MLD

= 3.45x103 m3/d

Peak factor = 4.7(PE/1000)−0.11

= 4.7(15373/1000)−0.11

= 3.47
Peak flow,

Qpeak = peak factor x Qavg

= 3.47 x 3450 m3/d

= 11972 m3/d

= 0.139 m3/s

= 11.97 MLD

5.1 Design of screen chamber

By following the SPAN guidelines, the design parameter for screen chamber are:

Maximum clear spacing = 25 mm

Slope to the vertical = 30o - 45o

Maximum flow through velocity at the screen face = 1.0 m3/s

Minimum freeboard = 0.15 m

Estimated volume of screenings per volume of sewage = 30 m3/106m3

Minimum channel width = 0.5 m

Minimum channel depth = 0.5 m

Assume bar thickness = 10 mm (1 cm)

As minimum two channels are required for the continuous operation of a grit chamber,
provide 2 channels in the chamber.

Qmax = 0.139 m3/s /2

= 0.070m3/s
Assuming the flow through velocity, 𝑉ℎ = 0.75 m/s in the channel, the required
cross-sectional area of the channel,

Q
Ax =
v

0.070
=
0.75

= 0.093 m2

Assuming the width to depth ratio, B: D = 1: 1.5,

B = 1.5D

Ax = 1.5D x D = 1.5 D2

0.093 = 1.5D2

D = 0.25m

B = 1.5 x 0.25 m = 0.38m

So, the net depth, D = 0.25 m and width, B = 0.38 m.

L is assumed to be 0.6m.

0.25 x 0.38 = 0.10 m2

Compute flow through velocity,

Therefore, the net cross-sectional area provided is

Qmax
Vh =
Area

0.070
=
0.10

= 0.70 m/s
Compute the number of bars,

Provides bars of 10mm x 50mm with 25mm clear pacing. Let n be the number of bars, then

Opening (n +1) + size of bars (n) = B (total width)

0.025 (n +1) + 0.01 n = 0.38m

n = 10

Hence, provide 11 bars of 10mm x 50 mm with 25 mm clear spacing. Hence, the total width
of the screen chamber = (10 x 0.01) + (11 x 0.025) = 0.38m.

The width proposed is acceptable.

Compute the flow velocity through the screen bars,

The effective width of channel,

Be = total width – width of 8 bars

Be = 0.38 − (0.01 x n)

Be = 0.3 − (0.01 x 10)

Be = 0.20m

As minimum Freeboard standard = 0.15m

Wastewater depth = D – freeboard = 0.25-0.15 = 0.10m

Effective cross-sectional area = 0.20 x 0.10 = 0.020 𝑚2

Velocity of flow through screen bars, v

 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤
𝑣 =
𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

0.070 𝑚3 /𝑠
= 0.020𝑚2

= 3.5 m/s

Compute head loss through the bar rack

ℎ𝐿 = 0.0729 (𝑣 2 − 𝑣ℎ2 )

Where

𝑣ℎ = velocity before screen = 0.75m/s (assumed)

𝑣 = velocity through the screen= 3.50m/s

ℎ𝐿 = 0.0729 [(3.50)2 − (0.75)2 ] = 0.85m

Compute the inclined length of screen chamber

D/sin 45 = 0.25/sin 45 = 0.35 m

So, provide bars of total length of 0.35m.

Compute the length of Screen Chamber

Horizontal projected length is 0.38 x cos45 = 0.27 m

Assume perforated plated = 0.30m

Let the length of outlet zone be length of perforated plate +0.2m

Assuming the length of inlet zone as 0.8m.

Assuming width of plate equal to 0.9 and depth of pocket equal to 0.15m for collecting screen

Total length, L = 0.27 + 0.8 + 0.50 = 1.57m

.
Design Summary:

No. of Unit = 1 (with 2 channels)

Length of Chamber, L = 1.65m

Width of Chamber, B = 0.38m

Depth of Chamber, D = 0.25m

Number of Bars, n = 10

Clear Spacing between bar = 25mm

Inclination of Bar = 45 Degree

Size of perforated Plate = 0.9m x 0.3m

Screening Collection Pocket = 0.9m x 0.3m x 0.15m

5.2 Design of grit chamber

Population = 15 373

Average daily per capita water supply = 225 lpcd (litres per capita per day)

Average flow,

Qavg = PE x 225 ℓpcd

= 15373 x 225 ℓpcd

= 3.45 x 106 ℓpcd

= 3.45 MLD

= 3.45x103 m3/d

Peak factor = 4.7(PE/1000)−0.11

= 4.7(10000/1000)−0.11

= 3.48

Peak flow,

Qpeak = peak factor x Qavg

= 3.48 x 3450 m3/d

= 12006 m3/d

= 0.139 m3/s
Horizontal flow type grit chamber for a purposed sewage treatment plant expected to treat
0.139m3/s maximum flows. The flow through velocity of 0.2 m/s is to be controlled by a
proportional weir.

Notes:

 As minimum two channels are required for continuous operation of a grit chamber
provide 2 channels in the chamber.

 As the flow control is by a proportional weir, the cross section of the unit will be
rectangular.

Cross sectional area.

Qpeak = Axvh

Where Qpeak = peak flow in one channel = 0.139 (m3/s)/2 = 0.0695 (m3/s)

Therefore, Ax = flow/velocity

= 0.0695 (m3/s)/0.2 (m/s)

= 0.35 m2
Length of channel.

By regarding to design parameters, t equal to 180 seconds, for the given flow through
velocity of 0.2 m/s.

L = vh x t

= 0.2 (m/s) x 180 (s)

=36.0 m

Additional length for the inlet and outlet of channels,

L total = net length + 10% of net length for inlet and outlet provision

= 36.0 m + 3.60 m

= 39.6 m ≈ 40.0 m

Depth of channel.

Assuming the width of each channel as 1.6 m,

D = Ax/B = 0.35/1.6= 0.22 m

Total depth of tank,

Dtotal = net depth + free board + depth for grit collection

= 0.22 m + 0.3 m + 0.20 m

= 0.72 m

Volume of each channel.

V =LxBxD

= 36.0 m x 1.6 m x 0.22m

= 12.67 m3

* check for the volume of the tank: The volume at peak flow for one channel.

V =Qxt

= 0.0695 (m3/s) x 180 (s)

= 12.51 m3

So, the provided volume of 12.51 m3 for each channel is acceptable.

* check for SLR: The surface loading rate at peak flow.

SLR = Qpeak / As

= 12006 m3/d / 36.0 x 1.6 (m2)

= 208.44 m3/m2-d

= 208 m3/m2-d
* check for settling velocity:

vs = SLR = 208 m3/m2-d at peak flow

= 0.002 m/s (slightly less but acceptable)

Design summary:

 The number of channel, n = 2

 Total length of channel, L = 40.0 m

 Total depth of channel, D = 0.72 m

 Width of channel, B = 1.6 m

 Detention time, t = 180.0 s

1m 38m 1m

3.2m

40m

5.3 Design of grease chamber

Compute the volume of the tank,

Based on previous calculation, detention time, t = 3 (180 s)

Volume of tank, V = Q x t
 = 0.139 x 180

= 25.02 m3

Compute the surface area of the tank,

Assume 250m2 surface area for a wastewater flow of 1 m3/s, the surface area of the tank:

250 (m2)
As = x 0.139 (m3/s)
1 (m3/s)

= 34.75 m2

≈ 35 m2

Provide dimension of 7 m x 5 m tank.

Determine the depth of the tank,

V
D=
As

25.02
=
35

= 0.71 m

Providing a freeboard of 0.3m the depth is 0.71 + 0.3 = 1.01 m ≈ 1.1 𝑚

So, the overall dimension of the tank will be = 7 m x 5 m x 1.1 m.

5.4 Balancing tank design

PE = 15 373

Average daily per capita water supply = 225 l/day

Average flow,
 Qavg = PE x 225 ℓpcd

= 15 373 x 225 ℓpcd

= 3.45 x 106 ℓpcd

= 3.45 MLD

= 3.45x103 m3/d

Peak factor = 4.7(PE/1000)−0.11

= 4.7(15373/1000)−0.11

= 3.48

Peak flow,

Qpeak = peak factor x Qavg

= 3.48 x 3450 m3/d

= 12 006 m3/d

= 0.139 m3/s

Provide a rectangular balancing tanks, assuming L:B = 2:1 and depth, D = 7m for each tank
with detention time, t = 1.5 hr at Qpeak.

t = 1.5hr = 5400s

V=QXt

= 0.139 x 5400

V= 751 m3

Surface area, A = 2B X B = 2B2

V = 2B2 x D

751 = 2B2 x 7

B = 5.5m

L = 2 X 5.5 = 11m

So, provide one rectangular balancing tank with L = 11m, B = 5.5m and D = 7m.
5.5 Primary settling tank design

Design criteria:

PE = 15373

Peak factor = 3.47

The strength of wastewater generated = Medium

Average rate of water supply = 225 lpcd (litres/capita/day)

BOD5 20 °C of wastewater = 250mg/L

Surface loading rate, SLR

a) At daily average flow = 40𝑚3 /𝑚2 𝑑 (m/d)

b) At peak flow = 100𝑚3 /𝑚2 𝑑 (m/d)

Detention time, t = 2.0 hours

Tank Shape = Circular Tank

Compute the design flow of wastewater.

The total daily average flow of wastewater generated for a town is given by

Qavg = PE x 225 ℓpcd

= 15373 x 225 ℓpcd

= 3.46 x 106 ℓpcd

= 3.46 MLD

= 3.46x103 m3/d

Qpeak = peak factor x Qavg

= 3.47 x 3460 m3/d

= 12006.2 m3/d

= 0.139 m3/s
Compute of surface area of each tank

𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑄
SLR = =
𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴𝑠

The surface area of each tank at 𝑄𝑎𝑣𝑔 is given by

𝑄
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝑆𝐿𝑅

3.46x103
=
40

= 86.5 𝑚2

(a) Compute diameter of tank, d

𝐀 𝐱 𝟒
d= (√ )
𝛑

= 10.49 m ≈ 10.5 m

(b) Compute the volume of tank

V= 𝑄𝑎𝑣𝑔 x t (where t=detention time in days)
= 3.46 x103 x (2/24)

= 288.3 𝑚3

(c) Compute side water depth (SWD) or liquid depth in the tank.

𝑉 (𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘)
𝐷1 =
𝐴𝑆 (𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘)

288.3
=
86.5

= 3.3 m (standard > minimum of 3.0m, consider ok)

(d) Checks for design calculation
- Check for weir loading
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 (𝑚3 /𝑑)
WLR =
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑟 (𝑚)

3460 𝑚3 /𝑑
=
π x 10.5 (m)

= 104.89 𝑚3 /𝑚𝑑

- Check for SLR at the peak flow condition

𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤
SLR at 𝑄𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 =
𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

12006.2
=
86.5

= 138.8 𝑚3 /𝑚2 𝑑

(e) Computation of Sludge Production

- Determine mass of primary sludge generated

Assuming 60% removal of suspended solids on dry weight basis, the mass of
primary sludge produced in each tank is calculated by:

𝑀𝑠𝑡 = 60% of suspended solids in influent

𝐿
= 0.6 x 250mg/L x 3.46 𝑚3 /𝑑 x 106 (𝑚−3 )

= 519 x106 mg/d

= 519 kg/d

= 21.6 kg/h

- Compute the volume of primary sludge produced

Assuming the specific gravity of primary sludge as 1.03 and 6% solid content.
 𝑀𝑠𝑡
𝑉𝑠𝑡 = 𝜌𝑤 𝑥 𝑆𝑠𝑡 𝑥 𝑃𝑠
519 𝑘𝑔/𝑑
= 𝑘𝑔
998.20 3 𝑥 1.03 𝑥0.06
𝑚

= 8.41 𝑚3 /𝑑
= 9 𝑚3 /𝑑
= 0.375 𝑚3 /ℎ𝑟

- Computation of hopper bottom capacity

Trapezoidal type hopper bottom
Assumed sludge remove every 4 hrs by pumping
Capacity of sludge pocket, C = 0.375 𝑚3 /ℎ𝑟 x 4
= 1 𝑚3
Taking A=1.2 m, B=1.5m, H=1m
1
V= 𝐻(𝐵 2 + 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴2 )
3
1
= 𝑥1(1.52 + (1.2𝑥1.5) + 1.22 )
3

= 1.83𝑚3

B=1.5
m

H=1.0
m
A=1.2
m

The design hopper dimension is satisfied since able to handle 1.0 𝑚3 of sludge
produced every 4 hours.

(f) Compute overall depth of the tank

Total depth of tank = liquid depth + free board + depth for tank bottom slope +
hopper bottom depth

Take 12% slope of SPAN requirement, depth of bottom slope for sludge scraping,

Take freeboard = 0.3m

 𝑑 𝐵
𝑆1 = ( − ) 𝑥0.12
2 2

= (10.5/2 – 1.5/2) x 0.12

= 0.54m

Total depth of tank, 𝐷𝑇 = 3.33 + 0.3 + 0.54 + 1.0

= 5.17m

(g) Diameter of central feed pipe

Assume flow through velocity : 0.3 m/min,
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤
As =
𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
= [34600/ (0.3 x 60 x 24)]
=0.08 m2

4 𝑥 𝐴𝑠 4 𝑥 0.08
Dp =√ = √ = 0.319m ≈ 319mm
𝜋 𝜋

(h) Diameter of sludge removal pipe

- Provide minimum 200mm diameter of sludge removal pipe

Schematic diagram of sedimentation tank,

Design Summary

No of unit =1

Tank shape = circular tank

Volume of tank, V = 288.3 𝑚3

Diameter of tank, d = 10.5m

Effective side water depth (SWD) = 3.33m

Hopper dimension A=1.2m, B=1.5m, H=1.0m

Freeboard, FB = 0.3m

Total Depth of tank, 𝐷𝑇 = 5.17m

Diameter of central feed pipe = 350 mm

Diameter of sludge removal pipe = 200 mm

5.6 Biological treatment tank design

Design criteria:

PE = 15373

Peak factor = 3.47

Average rate of water supply = 225 lpcd (litres/capita/day)

BOD concentration = 250mg/L

Soluble BOD = 20mg/L

Sewage flow = 11.97 MLD

Assume HLR = 0.05 m3/m2.d

a) Required disc surface area

As = wastewater flow / HLR

= (11970 m3/d) / (0.05 m3/m2.d)

= 239400 m2

b) standard modules; L =7.6 m, thickness of disc = 5mm, c/c spacing = 30mm and
diameter = 3.5m

No. of disc per module, L = xn + y (n+1)

7600 = 5n + (30 – 5)(n+1)

7600 = 30n + 25
n = 252.5 ≈ 253 discs
 c) surface area of each disc

2 x [𝛑/4 x 3.52]

= 19.2 m2

Total surface area of 253 discs = 253 x 19.2

= 4857.6 m2

≈ 4858 m2

No of modules required, Nth = total area required / area of disc of one module

= 239400 / 4858

= 49.3 ≈ 50

Schematic diagram of RBC,

6.0 Conclusion