Perianal abscess COPD (mucoid/purulent)

Strangulated haemorrhoids TB (bloodstained)

Post-haemorrhoidectomy Bronchiectasis (purulent)
ENDOCRINE Pulmonary oedema (pink, frothy)
Diabetes Lung cancer (bloodstained)
Myxoedema Pulmonary embolism (bloodstained)
Hyperparathyroidism NON-PRODUCTIVE
DRUGS Asthma
Codeine phosphate Post-nasal drip
Morphine Gastro-oesophageal reflux
Tricyclic antidepressants Drugs (ACE inhibitors)
Atropine Sarcoidosis
Laxative abuse
OTHER Cyanosis
Dietary changes CENTRAL CYANOSIS
Anxiety/depression Severe respiratory disease
Irritable bowel syndrome • Pulmonary oedema
Generalised disease • Pulmonary embolism
Starvation Cyanotic heart disease
PERIPHERAL CYANOSIS
Convulsions All causes of central cyanosis
NEUROLOGICAL • Cold exposure
Epilepsy • Raynaud’s phenomenon
Febrile convulsions • Arterial occlusion
TRAUMATIC • Venous occlusion
Head injuries • Acrocyanosis
Neurosurgery
INFECTIVE Deafness
Meningitis CONDUCTIVE DEAFNESS
Encephalitis Obstruction
Cerebral abscess Ear wax
• Foreign body
COUGH Infection
ACUTE Otitis externa
Inhaled foreign body • Otitis media
• Respiratory tract infection Trauma
CHRONIC Perforation of tympanic membrane
PRODUCTIVE • Barotrauma