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PATOFISIOLOGI OSTEOPOROSIS

A. DEFINISI
Osteoporosis adalah penyakit metabolisme yang berkaitan dengan usia dimana tulang
mengalami dimineralisasi yang berakibat terjadinya penurunan kepadatan dan bisa
mengakibatkan fraktur.

B. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Causes = Theory:
1. Decrease osteoblastic activity
2. Increase in osteoclastic activity or bone resorption

Peak of bone activity


(30 - 35 years of age)

Calcium (Store)

Cancellous/Spongy Loss Ca from cortical/

Leave the tissue compact

Fracture

C. KLASIFIKASI
1. Osteoporosis primer
a. Post menopause type
b. Senile osteoporosis
2. Osteoporosis sekunder
Diseases/Condition:
a. DM

b. Hyperthyroidism
c. Cushing's syndrome
d. GH deficiency
e. Metabolic acidosis
f. Female hypogonaddism
g. Paget's disease
h. Osteogenesis imperfecta
i. Rheumatoid arthritis
j. Prolong immobilization
Asuhan Keperawatan Pasien Dengan Gangguan/Penyakit
Sistem Muskuloskeletal (Asrin,MN/Prodi Keperawatan Purwokerto)
k. Marian's syndrome
l. Bone cancer
m. Cirrhosis
n. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Drugs (Chronic use):


a. Heparin
b. Anticonvulsans
c. Ethanol.

D. ETIOLOGI
® Secara pasti tidak diketahui
® Menapause
® Kurus, lemak tubuh yang sedikit dan tidak latihan teratur.
® Diet Ca dan vitamin D
® Malabsorption
® Tidak kena sinar matahari
® Penurunan calcitonin
® Kurangnya protein
® Konsumsi alkohol dan perokok : asidosis
® Konsumsi kafein yang berlebihan
® Keturunan

Risk Factor (Wilson and Giddens, 2001):


1. Nonmodifiable risk factors:
® Age: over 35 years.
® Gender: female
® Race: white, Asian
® Body size: small stature
® Family history of osteoporosis
2. Modifiable risk factors:
® Estrogen deficiency

® Heavy cigarette smoking


® Heavy consumption alcohol
® Low calcium diet
® Lack of weight bearing
® Prolonged use of corticosteroid

References:

Ignatavicius, D.D., and Bayne, M.V. (1991). Medical surgical nursing: A nursing
process approach. The United States of America: W.B. Saunders Company.

Wilson, S.F., and Giddens, J. F. (2001). Health assessment for nursing practice (2nd
ed.). The United States of America: Mosby, Inc.

Asuhan Keperawatan Pasien Dengan Gangguan/Penyakit


Sistem Muskuloskeletal (Asrin,MN/Prodi Keperawatan Purwokerto)

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