/cigré International Conference on Large High Voltage Electric Systems 112, boubvor Hausemann — S008 Pars 1984 Session — 29th August-6th September 23-09 ° SEISMIC QUALIFICATION OF SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT COMBINED APPLICATION OF MODERN TEST AND CALCULATION METHODS G. DUARTE (Venezuela) Summary Seisnio qualification of substation equipment is of extraordinary Importance for the security of enersy supply. This {s achleved vy dynamie tests, calcula ‘ion methods or a combination of toth. The most. ad= vantageous approach varies with the kind of eguip- tent, the interaction and dynanie response of the components. ‘The practice of seisaic testing 1s discussed by an exarple of an advanced test facility, considering Ieo-rosonmendations for testing procedures. ‘The application of different caloutation methods {3 pre- sented. Results of different approaches are given by various types of equipnont, a2 cireuit-treakers up to 800 xi land gas-inulated svitengear for installations under heavy seianic conditions, Keywords, Seismic ~ Qualification ~ Substation - gas-insulated Switengear ~Cireult-breaker = Instrument. transformer Introduction Electrical equiprent in high-voltage substations have to maintain their essential funotione alae du ring and after severe earthquakes. For the qualifi— cation of electrical equipnent, methods have been de= veloped by using test and ealcUlation sethods or a combination of both. It is evident that the qualification cannot be re- stricted to single or selected components of subst: tions only. The interaction of all different conpo= nents has to be considered, therefore distinction hag to be mde for qualification methods to be used = equipment of negligibly low interaction between the diftorent componente (porcelain column type equipsent) and = equiprent of direct snteraction vetween the diffe- ent componente (gae-insulated substations, GZS) Basis for comprehensive, comparable qualification rnethods are H. EGGERT, W. LEHMANN, H. PIPER, W. RAASCH (Fed. Rep. of Germany) = standardizes aotente testing procedures = qualities testing equipment = proved ealoulation methods 2: Soiomic testing procedures 1 Test In an internat tonal cooperation between users, sanufecturers and seignio test instituves within I6C/SC 50 Ka guide for *Setante Testing Pro cedures" has been elaborated [1] applicable for all Kinds of electrical equiprent even for installations in nuclear power plants. By this work the demand for a world-wide obligatory standard is fwlfiiled since already existing inportant recomandations are in corporated {2} [3] [3]. Requirements for correct vic brational testing a2 nethods of vibration respanse investigation, amplitude tolerances, definition of test signals and basic denania for the testing equipment are included. Additional publications pre ared by the same working group standardize the spe- cial seismic test vave "sine-deat” [5] and. the "i= nme history method" [6] to he used for testing, where the seismic environnent {8 well defined by response spectra. In the near future the vhole feld af seis mic testing procedures will be covered by TEC-publi- cations. Basic donands for sé ties The davelopnent of multimaxes teat facilities dates back to the carly seventies. Whereas In sing- levaxis vibration testing the electrodynante’ shaker is still the main device, the electro-servorhydrau= ile actuator is the essentially used exciter for nultivaxesevibration tests to be uaed for high-vol- tage equipment. Therefore the principal feature of seisnic test facilities using hydraulic actuators shall be discussed [7]. For large and complex apparatus and to geet the s0- phisticated test procedures the facilities have to be designed for: = heavy payloads = large displacenents = Tow frequency ranges = realistic test conditions (e.g. multiaxes tran- stents) The principal structure of such a modern test faci= sty was developed by the TARO (Ottobrunn, Germany) (Pigure 1). ‘The baste subsystens of this facility23.09 are the hydraulic system, the test facility mecha~ ‘nies and the eletronic control systen (Figure 2). The advantages of hydraulie aotuators lead to their use for getanie simulation of heavy equipment be- ‘cause of: Sexeellent dynamic vehaviour in the required fre~ quency range (0.01 Hz to 100 Fx) high stiffness (Limited by of} compressibility) = easy energy storage (hydraulte accumulators) = high power density (snall and light aystems) = large’ forces and displacements simltancously ( oe | | 1} Figure 4: Blockdiegran of hydraulic Filvicaxés vibration table “eee jest curry L] , yea [sow aves | f Figure 2¢ Blockdiagram of tost facility Test facility mechanics have to fulfill denands fort = max. velocity of the various degrees-of-freoton = min, resonance frequency of the aystex T aymmetry of the aed actuator syatens Tmax. aeveleration at the upper Limit frequency max. dieplacenent at the lover limit frequency ‘The Limite of applications, depending on the load, are described by diagrams (Figure 3). Finally the control strategy of simultaneously controlled tran~ Siente, vibrational motions of six degrees-of-free~ dom of the test facility has to regard e. 2. = etgendynanics of the single hydraulic actuators {eluding the various interdapendencies of the ‘subsystens = load dependency of each of the actuators = Lffear and non-linear cross-couplings of various ‘uechaniesl degrees-of-reedom of the test table = resonance frequencies of the coupled mechanical hydraulic system and finally = specifications of the test to be perforned. avec } N Lees A De, Le On 7 oa # Figure 3: Performance limits of multi- Beetiation table (7m x 2 2) ‘The dynanie capability of this test equipment was demonstrated by various types of high voltage appa~ ratus (see Sub-clause 4) up to a complete pole of an 800 kV etreust-bresker uith a mags of 9 tons and considerable head-weignts about 8 m above the firing level of the test table. 2.3 Application of dynamte testing The dynamic test io used to check the seismic withstand capability of the epeeinen dn total and Getail, as all parts and components are stressed simultaneously up to the specified level. Dynamic testing 1s also a necessary tool to prove the functional behaviour of components to be consi~ dered a5 non-caleulabie (2. g. correct olose/epen= ‘operation, function of contrei- and auxiliary oir ouits). Effects in detail of drive aystens, tight ness and timing mist be investigated during dynamic tests, too. By the vibration response. investigation eritigal frequencies are determined. Resonances oan ‘often be avoided within the range of the setamic Frequencies from 0.1 to 35 Hz by slight changes of ‘the design. Thus obtained results of mub-conponents can be normally transferred to similar equipment lusing the sase or comparable components. In sush cases dynamic tests can be replaces by sore economic caleulations (4), (J, [id . 3 Seismic calculation procedures ‘ET Applioation of ealoulates qualification Selomic qualification caleulstions are used fort = Investigation of equipment before testing 20 de termine the dynanie response to the stimulating testing wave. By this, optimizing of critical structures can be done economically. Corrections Guring testing normally result in expensive intor= fruptions of the test itself. equipaent, as e.g. effects of different masses of Anterruptér-units for life-tank cireutt-breakers of different insulating length of arresters on instrunent transformers, These vartants can be o: culated with good accuraey at minimal expense. In these cases the functional dynanie Behaviour of sub-components as control-cabinets or drive sy tens can be transfered directly. = Evaluation of interactions to deternine the real dynamic attitide of complete systens, ‘This ap- pifes generally to equipment of GIS, where only components or in sone cases complete bays can be vibrated, but the interaction of the complete equipment including the supporting structures and the butlding has to be considered. = Conbination of loads where additional forces by echanical, eleotrieal and environmental. influen= ces have to be taken into account (eve. operating forces, dynamic line pull, wind, Sea). Mothods of ealoulation Distinction should be fade vetweon equiprent of simple structure (porcelain column type elreuite breaker, Instrument transformers) where athens tical models with one on fey degreas-of-fresdon will give sufficient results and complex structures whore ex- tensive calculations such ae the finite elenent, mnethod has to be used. The seismic load determined in secordance with one of the following methods 12 added to other service loads of the equipment. An adéitional check will hhave to confirm the equipment's capability to with- stand the total load. -2.1 Systems vith few degrees-of-fresdon RL Eigioval tage SviTORESRT Ones PTE porcelain insulator columns may be regarded as a mechanical systea with one degree of freedom, assuming the en- tire mss of a pole column complete with interrupter assembly to be coneentrated at the centre of aravity, of the column (Figure a), The apring stiffness and the damping factor of thia system may be assured to be approximately constant as the porcelain reaste in accordance with a linear function. Such a systen 13, described by a Linear differential equation of the second order, whioh 18 inhomogeneous and has con stant coefficients: aprergeede fae (1) ‘The damping constant $+4/2my and the circular fre- quency wysVaymy are calculates by usine values de- termined n'a feo-swinging test, For simple deterministic signals a general solution to the cifferential equation (displacement of the mmaso a fron the rest position) ean be calculated, Using damping devices for the sane aysten to reduce seismic stresses, the mechanical systen's degree-of- Freedom inoreases from one to two (Pigure tb). When establishing the lave of notion for the two masses, @ system of Linear, homogeneous and interdependent Gitferential equations is obtained, which can be ex- pressed a8 follows: (rat) PPe (eee aye meyg #2](x2]" (0 ma} ¥o 3.2.2 Fintte element method (FEM), model formation For the FEM the actual structure 15 replicas ted by a model structure of a finite number of sui- table elenents such as beans, plates, etc, At the element nodes the FEM prograna treat displacements as unknown quantities. The elenents give the cox fb 1 ka Figure 4 with one degree of u » rage a Hi, he i Figure 4 b: System.with tvo degrees of freedon : efticients for an equation systen of three to six tines the number of nodes [ii], Lie]. kus F (3) K represents the stiffness matrix and F stands for the force vector. Equation (3) sneludes a variation problem, where the total energy varies in accordance With the unknown ateplacenenta u, Tne minimum has to be determined. For dyramte phononena K- u of the equation has to be extended by +H (¥ mass matrix, W acceleration vestor). The tine history of the structure's distortion is ealeulated and the strain, stresses, forces and nonenta are derived. Tne preprocessing of FEM dexande a certain sophisti~ cation and experience. Tt is the more economically, the more types of loading of a systen are investiga= ted simitaneously. In addition to setemie evalua ion the effects of internal gas pressure, weight Fores, switching forces and short-circuft stresses can be’oaloulated a3 wells 3.2.3 Qualification by dynante anatysi Tn the target and sequence, the dynanic analy- sis 1s equivalent to the dynanie test. First. the lowest natural frequencies and associated mode sha pes are determined by modal analyais. Usually this Step ds checked by a free-awinging test to confirm, Phat the model reftests correctly the actual design. The next step of caleuiation 1s the actual dynamic analysis. Time functions of ground acceleration are taken as loads. Similar to tests, narrow-band ree sponse spectra (sine-peat, continuous sine) and/or wide-band response speatra (actual earthquakes, syn- thetized accelerograns) are used. The tine hisvory of the result is attained either by noJe superposi~ Hon analysis or direct forward integration methods. The evaluation of the results contains: = proof of the fact that the design rating 1s ade- uate (stresses likely to ovaur, renain below per= mmiasible values of the material). + an acceleration List for the locations with mecha- ically movable and/or electrically excitable com onents whose reliability has to be tested experi- mentally with the determined acceleration values = The response spectrum of max. limited losé (PRS), which covers the maximum permissible response le vel as a function of the frequency for the inves Uigated structure. .2.4 Qualifieation by static aethods The required Fesponse apectrun (RRS) 13 used as a reference basis for this method. This RRS is orally provided by the user of the equipeent for the location in question, (e.g. the ground or the nth floor of a building)! Tt contains the response of singie-nass osoiliating bodies to the earthquake excitation valid for this location (Figure 5), Seis- ssic qualification is obviously attained for equip