Material 01

MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER III
1. What is that construction material that has a property of being a dark brown to black
cementitious material in which the predominating substance is bitumen?
 Asphalt
2. For how long or how many hours shall bituminous prime coat be left undisturbed?
 24 hours
3. What is the rate of application of bituminous tack coat?
 0.2 to 0.7 L/sq.m
4. What is the penetration grade of blown asphalt?
 0 to 30 penetration grade
5. What asphalt is used for sealing weaken plane joint of concrete pavement?
 Blown Asphalt
6. What is the use of blown asphalt?
 as joint filler and water proofing
7. How many days does the sample for Immersion – Compression Test be soaked in water?
 4 days @ 50˚C
8. If asphalt mix having a weight of 3,020g and an aggregate weighing 2,865.98g, what is the %
asphalt by weight of mix? Wt of Asphalt Mix – Wt of Aggregates 3,020 – 2,865.98
 5.10% (computation Asphalt % = --------------------------------------------------- =-------------------- x 100 = 5.1%
Wt of Asphalt Mix 3,020
9. What is the material used for Bituminous Prime Coat?
 Cut-back asphalt or LA = AC + Solvent
10. In item 303, application of cover aggregates shall be evenly spread over the surface at the
rate of approximately ______? Bit Seal Coat
 0.004 to 0.007 m3/m2-
11. Applying the tolerance of 0.4% for asphalt content to your answer in Prob.8, what is the
acceptable range of asphalt content?
 4.7% to 5.5% 5.1 - .4 = 4.7%
5.1 + .4= 5.5%
12. Under what climatic condition do we use lower penetration grade or hard asphalt?
 Hot climate (cold climate – higher penetration grade or soft asphalt)
13. How many samples should be taken for an asphalt mix for each full day’s operation?
 at least one (1) but not to exceed three (3) samples
14. The thickness of asphalt core using a calliper is based on how many measurements?
 four(4)
15. The spot test on asphalt is used to determine______.
 overheating during the process of manufacture
16. Minimum variation of the surface from the testing edge of the straight edge between contacts
with the surface item 310.
 6 mm
17. Equipment to be used for final rolling
 3 – wheel tandem type steel wheel roller
18. The test on asphalt cement consisting of heating the asphalt in an open cup and passing a
small test flame
 flash point
19. It is a manually – operated device for deriving a measurement of roughness from the surface
profile which may be expressed in terms of International Roughness Index
 Merlin Road Roughness Measuring Device
20. It is used for the rapid in – situ measurement of the structural properties of existing pavement
with unbound and granular properties.
 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer
21. This equipment in the compaction control of earth and asphalt construction and in the
measurement of moisture of insulated roofs.
 Nuclear Density Gauge
22. It is an instrument used to measure pavement deflection resulting from vehicle wheel
loadings. The results of the elastic deformation test are used to evaluate the structural
condition of roads, and to help in the design of road strengthening measures and road
capacity improvement
 Benkelman Beam and Deflection Logger
Asphalt Technology Page 1/28

23. It is equipment which is used to measure differential deflection between joints of a concrete
pavement to determine the modulus of the existing slabs for use in the design of an overlay,
and to determine the remaining life of existing pavement.
 Falling Weight Deflectometer
24. What is the thinnest cut – back asphalt?
 MC – 3000
25. What is the instrument or equipment used to measure for surface test of concrete and asphalt
pavements as soon as the concrete has hardened sufficiently or as soon as the asphalt mix
had been initially compacted?
 3 – meter straight edge
26. What is the sampling requirement of bituminous mixture?
 1 sample per 130 tonnes
27. What is the depth of the armored thermometer inserted in the bituminous mixture?
 6”
28. In the design of bituminous mix, the design criteria for stability under the Marshall Stability for
heavy traffic is______.
 1800lbs
29. The stability criteria of the Marshall Stability Method is the maximum load resistance that a
specimen will develop at______
 60˚C
30. Bituminous mix specimens are compacted at how many blows at each and for a heavy traffic
design under the Marshall Stability Method? Light Medium Heavy
 75 blows 35 blows 50 blows 75 blows
750 lbs 1200 lbs 1800 lbs
31. In a penetration test, if the penetration is 9. What is the grade of the asphalt?
 85 -100
32. What item no. is Bituminous Surface Treatment?
 Item 304
33. What is the required tolerance for bituminous material in job – mix formula for item 310?
 ± 0.4 %
34. This term consists of an application for bituminous material with or without the application of
aggregate on existing bituminous surface?
 Seal Coat
35. Job – mix tolerance for temperature in the mixture for item 310.
 ± 10˚C
36. What is the size of the sample in item 310 taken for each full day’s operation?
 150mm x 150mm or 100mm Ø full depth
37. The required speed in rolling in item 310.
 5kph
38. It is the resulting difference in elevation across a joint or crack.
 Faulting
39. In core specimen asphalt mix thickness determination, it shall have a character of at
least_____
 100mm
40. What is the rate of application of bituminous seal coat using asphalt cement?

0.9 to 1.8 lit/m2
41. What is the rate of application of bituminous seal coat using cutback asphalt?

1.5 to 3.0 lit/m2
42. What is the minimum dry compressive of Item 310?
 1.40 MPa (200 psi)
43. What is required Index of Retained Strength of Item 310 when tested by AASHTO T 65?
 70% minimum
44. Job- mix tolerance in Item 310 for grading, passing No. 4 and larger sieve.
 ± 7%
45. Job-mix tolerance in 310 for grading, passing No. 8 to No. 100 (inclusive).
 ± 4%
46. Job- mix tolerance in Item 310 for grading, passing No. 200 sieve.
 ± 2%
47. The range of aggregates composition in Item 310.
 92 – 95 %
48. In tropical countries like the Philippines, what is the most commonly used grade of asphalt
cement?
 60 – 70 and 85 – 100(ideal penetration grade)
49. To determine the thickness, _____ of asphalt, Immersion – Compression Test is performed.
 Stability
50. Percent air voids will ____ as per cent asphalt increases in Marshall Stability.
 decrease
51. To determine the temperature of delivered asphalt mix, what apparatus is used?
 armored thermometer
52. What does it mean when there is bleeding in a newly paved asphalt road?
 excessive asphalt content
53. Tack coat must be at what condition prior to the application of asphalt mix?
 Tacky
54. SS-1 or SS-1h is what kind of asphalt?
 Slow setting emulsified asphalt
55. What kind of asphalt is used as tack coat?
 Cut-back asphalt
56. What is being determined in a core sample from asphalt pavement?
 Thickness and density of pavement
57. Rolling of bituminous mix shall be discontinued whenever it begins to produce excessive
________ or_________.
 Pulverizing of the aggregates or displacement of the mixtures
58. What are the three (3) major petroleum asphalts?
 Asphalt Cement
 Cut-back Asphalt
 Emulsified Asphalt
59. What are the solvents of cut – back asphalts?
 Gasoline – for rapid –curing type
 Kerosene - for medium curing type
 Diesel – for slow curing type
60. Emulsified asphalts are either ______ or______.
 Cationic Emulsion – works better with wet aggregates and in cold weather, It is
positively charge electron
 Anionic Emulsion – adheres better to aggregates which have positive charge, It is
a negatively charge electon
61. What greatly affects the service of asphalt cement?
 Grade and Quantity of asphalt
62. What influences primarily the grade of asphalt selected?
 Climatic condition
63. How many weeks do the producer of asphalt mix or the contractor shall submit the job- mix
formula?
 Three (3) weeks
64. Who will approve the job-mix formula?
 DPWH PE or ME
65. The job-mix formula contains provisions of the following:
 Grading of aggregates
 Percentage and type of asphalt
 Temperature of aggregates and asphalt
 Temperature of mixture upon delivery or time of compaction
66. When tar is used, what is the temperature that the mixture shall be placed?
 66⁰C to 107⁰C ---------(emulsified asphalt –10 to 71⁰C)
67. When is the right time to compact in order to attain the required density?
 When the mixtures is still hot and workable
68. What needs to be controlled during the mixing and compaction and is of great significance in
the strength of the resulting pavement?
 Temperature
69. After the final rolling, what will be checked?
 Degree of compaction

70. When will the traffic be permitted to utilize the pavement?

 When the pavement has cooled to atmospheric temperature
71. How do we take sample from the finish pavement?
 By the use of core drill or saw
72. Cold mix asphalt is used in _______.
 Pothole patching
73. VMA means
 Voids in Mineral Aggregates
74. The compaction temperature in molding the bituminous mixture specimen
 124⁰C = (134±10⁰C)
75. The mixing temperature of bituminous mix is
 163⁰C
76. The heating temperature of asphalt ranges from
 121⁰C - 138⁰C
77. The heating temperature of aggregates ranges from …?
 177⁰C - 191⁰C
78. The specific gravity of asphalt ranges from
 1.01 – 1.04
79. The traffic shall be prohibited from traveling at the speeds in excess of ______ until the
asphaltic material has set.
 40 kph
80. When loads have been arriving at the spreader with the material peaked or doomed up and a
load suddenly appears in which the material lies flat, it indicates
 excessive asphalt
81. It is used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture, of the degree of compaction of the
asphalt pavement.
 Bulk specific gravity of compacted bituminous mixtures using saturated
surface dry specimen
82. The solvent in the extraction of bitumen.
 Gasoline
83. The percent of bitumen is computed based on
 Mass of dry aggregates
84. A device used to determine the relative hardness of asphalt.
 Penetrometer
85. Volatization test which measures the relative proportion of asphalt to oil.
 Distillation
86. The measurement wherein the asphalt begins to melt.
 Softening point
87. The temperature requirement in initial rolling for Item 310.
 200⁰F to 225⁰F (93⁰C to 107⁰C)
88. What is the colour of asphalt when it is overcooked?
 Yellowish brown
89. How many gradation ranges for Hot Plant Mix bituminous pavement are there in the
bluebook?
 Seven (7)
90. How many gradation ranges for Cold Plant Mix bituminous pavement are there in the
bluebook?
 Two (2)
91. The rate application of special curing agent
 4 liters per 14 m2, (if curing seal- = .5L-1L/m2)
92. The recommended thickness of Hot Mix asphalt overlay depending on the expected traffic
and the modulus of the cracked and selected pavement section.
 3” to 5”
93. Stabilization and under sealing are recommended if the mean deflection is ___ or different
deflection is ______.
 greater than 0.14”, greater than 0.002”
94. Loose materials are removed from all joints, cracks and areas that have previously patched
by asphalt by ___ with nominal ___ air pressure.
 Power sweeping, and air blowing, 100psi

95. Bowl- shaped holes various sizes in the pavement surface.

 Potholes
96. A form of plastic movement typified by ripples (surface waves) across the pavement.
 Corrugation
97. A form of plastic movement resulting in localized bulging of the pavement.
 Shoving
98. Longitudinal surface depression in the wheel paths.
 Rutting
99. The interconnected cracks forming a series of small blocks resembling an alligator’s skin or
chicken wire.
 Alligator cracking
100. The wearing away of pavement surface caused by dislodging of aggregate particle.
 Ravelling
101. Cracks in asphalt concrete overlay surface that occur over joints in PCCP
 Reflection Cracking
102. Mixture of fine- grained aggregates bituminous binder and water for surface sealing.
 Slurry seal (bituminous slurry)
103. If slurry (wet) lime is employed, what is the typical slurry ratio?
 1 tonne lime : 2 cu. m. of water
104. Free bitumen on the surface of the pavement which creates a shiny, glass- like reflecting
surface that usually becomes quite sticky.
 Bleeding
105. Why do liquid asphalt was introduced in road construction instead from asphalt cement?
 It was introduced in order to save heating cost and for convenience in road-
mixing or priming.
106. The kind of asphalt used in overlaying scatted pavement is
 Hot-mix asphalt
107. Aggregates accounts for 92-95% of the weight of the bituminous mix while asphalt account for
5-8% of the weight of the mix. The exact percentage to be used is determined by
 Job Mix Formula
108. An indication that the asphalt mix is overheated.
 Blue Smoke / Spot Test
109. The maximum speed of the roller during compaction operation
 5 kph
110. The rate of application in a bituminous prime coat
 1-2 liter/m2
111. Specification require 1 quality test for every _______asphalt
 40tons/200 drums
112. The penetration test is an indication of the _______ of asphalt
 Consistency
113. A sample from a bituminous mix weighs 1000 g. After extraction, it was found out that the dry
aggregates weighed 950 grams. What is the % of asphalt content by weight of mix:
% of asphalt = 1000 – 950
1000
= 5%
If weight of dry aggregates:
% of asphalt = 1000-950
950
= 5.26%
114. Commonly used method in the design and evaluation of bituminous concrete mixes
 Marshall Stability
115. Number of phases of rolling in asphalting works
 Three (3)
116. Also known as liquid asphalts
 Cutback Asphalt
117. In asphalting works, plant scale shall be accurate to
 0.5%
118. Temperature reading device fixed in the bituminous feed line near the charging valve at the
mixer
 Armored Thermometer
119. Define as the interval of time between the opening of the weight box gate and the start of
introduction of bituminous material.
 Dry Mixing Period/Time
120. Define as the interval of time between the start of introduction of bituminous materials and the
opening of mixer gate.
 Wet Mixing Period/Time
121. Asphalt cement shall not be heated above ________ at any time after delivery to the project
 159˚C
122. Before placing the bituminous mix contact surface on curbs, gutters, manholes & others shall
be printed within, uniform coating of bituminous material
 True
123. Moisture content of the aggregate at the time introduced into the mixing unit shall
 Not Exceed One (1) Mass Percent
124. Asphalt emulsions are distilled from an
 Iron Still
125. The density of the finished bituminous pavement shall be at least _________ of the
theoretical maximum density or _________ of the density of the laboratory compacted
specimen.
 90 mass% & 97 mass %
126. Equipment use in the extraction of aggregate on bituminous mix
 Rotarex Centrifuge & Reflux Extractor
127. The penetration test in an arbitrary measurement of consistency and is the basis of
classification of all solid and semi-solid asphalt. _________________________________ to
which a standard needle with a 100-gram load will penetrate into a sample held at 25˚C
(77˚F) after 5 seconds.
 Penetration is the depth in tenths of a millimeter (1/10mm)
128. Cold mix pavement use Emulsified Asphalt or cutback – they require little or no heating of
materials and can often be produced at the construction site without a central plant.
129. It is the highest quality of asphalt pavement.
 Asphalt Concrete Pavement
130. This is a measurement of the load under which Asphalt Specimen totally yield or fails
 Marshall Stability Value
131. These are determined by weighing specimen in air and immersed in water.
 Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Asphalt
132. This is preferable than a good PCCP road due to its initial low cost more uniform riding
surface.
 Asphalt Road
133. The proportion of aggregate and asphalt should be based on this.
 Laboratory Trial Mixes
134. This formula should be set and strictly followed in all batches of the asphalt mixes; it should
include provisions on grading of aggregate percentage of asphalt and temperature of mixture
at time of compaction.
 Job Mix Formula
135. Used in measuring the thickness or height determination of compacted bituminous paving
mixture to the nearest 0.10cm.
 Calliper
136. Used to determine the grading of aggregates extracted from bituminous mixtures.
 Mechanical Analysis of Extracted Aggregates
137. A test to determine the moisture content of soil.
 Calcium Carbide Gas Pressure/calcium trichloride
138. It is a colloidal dispersion of asphalt in H2O whose colour is chocolate brown before use and
turns black when the emulsion is broken.
139. What process determines the asphalt contents?
 Extraction
140. Minimum temperature of bituminous concrete when place, measured in the truck prior to
dumping.
 107˚C
141. Minimum temperature of tar when it is used in Bituminous Concrete.
 66 to 107˚C
142. The Bituminous material commonly used in 310.

 Asphalt Cement
143. This item consists of preparing and treating and aggregate base course preparatory to the
construction of Bituminous Surface Course.
 Bituminous Prime Coat
144. This consists of preparing and treating an existing bituminous or cement pavement with
bituminous materials.
 Bituminous Tack Coat
145. Consist of an application of bituminous materials with or without an application of aggregate
of an existing bituminous surface course.
 Bituminous Seal Coat
146. Consists of either a single application of bituminous materials followed by a single spreading
of aggregate or two application of bituminous materials each followed by spreading of
aggregate (Double Surface Treatment).
 Bituminous Surface Treatment
147. What determines the index of retained strength of the asphalt mix?
 Immersion / compression test
148. It is the ratio of wet to dry stability of the mix (Compressive Strength).
 Index of Retained Strength IRS= (Wet Stability/Dry Stability)x100
149. This measures the resistance to flow of asphalt.
 Viscosity Test
150. Measure the distance that a standard needle will penetrate a sample at a given temperature
in a specified time.
 Penetration Test
151. Measures the ability of asphalt to stretch without breaking.
 Ductility Test
152. It determines the rate of loss of volatile oil of asphalt when heated and the change in
penetration caused by excessive heating.
 Loss on Heating Test
153. Indicates the uniformity of products.
 Specific Gravity
154. Indicates the safe heating temperature of asphalt.
 Flash Point/Cleveland open cup
155. Determines if asphalt is overheated during production.
 Spot Test
156. Determines the Bituminous content in asphalt that is soluble in petroleum solvent.
 Solubility Test
157. Determines the asphalt content of liquid asphalt.
 Distillation Test
158. Determines the presence of larger globules of asphalt.
 Sieve Test
159. Determines the resistance of emulsion to breakdown on the job.
 Cement Mixing Test
160. Detects the tendency of the asphalt globules in the emulsion to settle during the storage.
 Storage Stability Test
161. It is the basic cementing material; the main constituent of all other asphalt types also known
as Hot Asphalt or Penetration Grade Asphalt.
 Asphalt Cement
162. Mixture of asphalt cement, water and % emulsifier usually 60% asphalt and 40% H2O.
163. Blend of asphalt cement and petroleum solution.
 Cutback Asphalt
164. Asphalt cement with non-volatile or slow volatile oils or crude oil.
 Slow Curing (SC)
165. Asphalt cement with kerosene.
 Medium Curing (MC)
166. Asphalt cement with gasoline.
 Rapid Curing (RC)

167. Gives colour and hardness.

 Asphaltene
168. Composed of resin which provides stickiness (adhesiveness) and oil which influence viscosity
of asphalt and impart softness.
 Maltene
169. Min. required temp. for asphalt compaction
 107˚C ± 10˚C
170. Min. thickness for asphalt overlay
 1 inch
171. Min. dry stability compressive strength for 310.
 1.4 MPa (200psi)
172. Min. asphalt content for item 310.
 5–8%
173. Field tests for Bituminous Pavement Specimen.
 Asphalt cores – 4”Ø, full depth or 100mm
 Square Samples – 6”x 6” or 150mm x 150mm
174. Surface tolerance for compaction of item 310.
 not to exceed 6mm
175. Test requirement for on-going asphalt pavement
 1 but not more than 3 samples for 1 whole day operation (300 li.m)
176. Minimum test requirement for completed Bituminous Pavement
 1 sample every 100 li.m/lane
177. Mass % of air void of item 310
 5 – 7% (New D. O. = 3 – 5%)
178. Mineral filler passing No,200 sieve used in item 310 should have Plasticity Index of
 not greater than 4%
179. Rolling of item 310 must begin from:
 The sides and proceed horizontally towards the centreline of the road,
each strip overlapping on half the roller width.
180. What are the penetration grades for Bituminous Prime Coat (item 301)?
 Rapid Curing = 60 – 70, 85 – 100, 120 -150
181. What is the rate of application for 301
 1 – 2 liters/sm
182. The recommended thickness of Hot Mix Asphalt Overlay depending on the expected traffic
and the modulus of the Cracked & Sealed Pavement
 3” to 5” (min thickness = 1”)
183. In Bituminous Concrete Surface Coarse Aggregates (C.A., F.A. & Mineral Filler) accounts for
what percentage? Asphalt?
 Aggregate = 92 - 95%
 Asphalt = 5 - 8%
184. Aggregates in bituminous mix is
 Coarse Aggregates - ret ain on sieve # 8
 Fine Aggregates – passing on Sieve # 8 – retain on sieve # 200
 Mineral Filler – passing on sieve # 200
185. It is viscous liquid obtained from the distillation of coal or wood.
 Tar
186. Are products of the distillation of crude oil
 Petroleum Asphalt
187. Are asphalt mixed with solvent to reduce their viscosity and makes them easier to use at
ordinary temperature.
 Liquid Asphalt
188. Are mixtures of asphalt cement & H2O with emulsifying agent.
 Asphalt Emulsions
305. Small air spaces that occur between the coated aggregate particles in a compacted mix.
 Air Voids
306. Spaces that exist between the aggregate particles in a compacted mix including spaces filled
with asphalt.
 Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA)

307. When the compacted thickness of the road mix surface is to be more than 50mm (2”), the
mixture shall be spread from the windrow and compacted in
 Two Layers
308. What will be done to the first layer of Item 306 before 2 nd layer is spread? Bit road mix surface
course
 To be bladed and rolled first
309. What percent of hydrated lime shall added to the mixture during mixing operation of item 306?
 0.5 to 1.0 mass %
310. What is the proportion of bituminous material on the basis of total dry aggregate?
 Cut Back = 4.5 to 7.0 mass %
 Emulsified = 6.0 to 10.0 mass %
311. The rate of application of Bituminous Tack Coat
 0.2 to 0.70 liter / sq.m
312. The rate of application of Bituminous Seal Coat
 0.9 to 1.8 liters / sq.m for Asphalt Cement
 1.5 to 3.0 liters / sq.m for Cut – Back
313. The rate of application of the cover aggregate after the application of seal coat.
 0.004 to 0.007 cu.m /sq.m
314. What determine the effect of water on the cohesion of the mix?
 Immersion / Compression Test
315. What determines if the grading of the mix conforms to the Job Mix Formula Specification?
 Grading Test
316. The ability of asphalt mix to resist deformation from imposed load.
 Stability
317. The ability of asphalt mix to the detrimental effects of air, water, temperature and traffic.
 Durability
318. The ability of the mix to bend slightly without cracking and to conform to gradual settlements
and movements of the base and sub grade.
 Flexibility
319. The ability of the mix to withstand repeated flexing caused by the passage of the wheel loads.
 Fatigue Resistance
320. The ability of the mix to offer resistance, to slipping or skidding of the vehicle tire.
 Skid Resistance
321. The ease with which paving mixture maybe placed and compacted.
 Workability
322. When the asphalt mix is difficult to place and has rough surface, it has
 Large maximum size particle
323. When the asphalt mix is hard to compact.
 Excessive Coarse Aggregate
324. When there are uncoated aggregate to the mixture, rough surface and hard to compact.
 Mix temperature is too low
325. When the asphalt mix shoves under roller, remains tender.
 Too much medium – size sand
326. When the mix tender and highly permeable.
 Low Mineral Filler Content
327. When the mix is dry and gummy, hard to handle and not durable.
 High Mineral Filler Content
328. What is the effect of low asphalt of the mixture?
 Fatigue Cracking
329. What is the effect when there is excess asphalt in the mixture?
 Bleeding and low skid resistance
330. When the surface of the pavement is too smooth and there is hydroplaning.
 Poorly texture or graded aggregate
331. When the mix has thin asphalt films and this will cause early aging and ravelling
 Low Asphalt Content
332. When water and air can easily enter pavement causing oxidation and disintegration.
 High Void Contents in Design Mix
333. This will result in high voids in pavement, leading to water infiltration and low strength.
 Inadequate Compaction

334. These effects in wash boarding, resulting and flushing or bleeding.

 Excess Asphalt in Mixture
335. When there is tenderness during rolling and for period after construction it is difficult to
compact.
 Excess medium size sand and in mixture
336. What is effect when the rounded aggregate has little or no crushed surface?
 Rutting and Channelling
337. Where there is early hardening of asphalt followed by cracking or disintegration.
 High Void Content or Lack of Compaction
338. When there is excessive bending followed by fatigue cracking.
 Inadequate Pavement Thickness
339. When the asphalt film strips from aggregate leaving an abraded, ravelled or mushy pavement.
 Water Susceptible Aggregate in the Mixture (Hydrophilic)
340. This is the characteristic generally used for calculation of the volume
occupied by the aggregate in various mixture containing aggregates including Portland
cement concrete, bituminous concrete, and other mixtures that are proportioned or analyzed
on an absolute volume basis.
Ans: Bulk Specific Gravity
341. Asphalt shall be homogeneous, free from water, and shall not
f o a m w h e n heated to
Ans. 175* C (347* F)
342. The pour point of concrete joint sealer shall be at least _______ lower than the safe heating
temperature, which is the maximum temperature to which the material may be heated without
exceeding the permitted flow.
Ans. 11⁰C (20⁰F)
343. T h e p e n e t r a t i o n o f c o n c r e t e j o i n t s e a l e r , H o t P o u r e d E l a s t i c T y p e shall
not exceed___
Ans. 90
344. D u r i n g s o a k i n g m a i n t a i n t h e w a t e r l e v e l i n t h e m o l d a n d t h e soaking tank
is approximately _______ above the top of the specimen
Ans. 25.40mm (1.0 inch)
345. Soak the specimen for
Ans.96hours(4days).
346. The diameter of penetration piston is
A n s . 4 9 . 6 3 ± 0 . 2 3 mm (1935 cu m)
347. The temperature of the asphalt cement delivered to the mixer shall be
as required to achieve a kinetic viscosity in the range of
Ans.150 to 300 cu m/s or 150 to 300 centistokes.
348. The application temperature of emulsified asphalt range from
Ans.10-71*C
349. When the tar is used for seal coats, it shall be heated to free flowing but not to exceed
Ans.149⁰C
350. This test has been developed to measure the loss of cohesion as a
result of water action on the compacted bituminous mixture.
Ans. Film Stripping & Immersion – Compression Test
351. T h i s m e a n p o r o s i t y o r p e r v i o u s n e s s o f t h e m i x t u r e , a d e n s e g r a d e mix
prevent water from entering the base through the surface.
Ans.. Permeability
352. Test used in classifying liquid asphalt into grades. It is useful as a
measure to control of consistency, particularly when run at the
temperature of intended application.
Ans. Viscosity Test
353. T h i s t e s t d e t e r m i n e s t h e t o t a l b i t u m e n c o n t e n t o f a a s p h a l t i c materials,
which is the actual cementing constituent of the asphalt.
Ans, Solubility Test
354. A n a c c e l e r a t e d t e s t t o s h o w t h e l o s s o f v o l a t i l e s w h e n t h e sample is
heated at 163*C for five hours and the loss due to volatilization is determined.
Ans. Loss on Heating

355. This test classif ies the different asphalt into types and the diff erent
t y p e s into grade.
Ans. Consistency Test
356. For liquid asphaltic materials, this test is run on the residue after
distillation..
Ans. Solubility, Ductility, Flash Point & Penetration test
357. This is an arbitrary measurement of consistency and is the
b a s i s o f classification of all solid and semi-solid asphalt.
Ans. Penetration Test of Asphalt
358. This is a process to measure the consistency of liquid asphaltic
m a t e r i a l s to determine their fluidity or resistance to flow.
Ans. Viscosity Test
359. T h i s w a s d e v e l o p e d i n o r d e r t o d i f f e r e n t i a t e b i t u m i n o u s m a t e r i a l s with
respect to hardening characteristic.
Ans. Thin Film Oven Test
360. Plant-mixed bituminous mixtures should be sampled in accordance
w i t h the Standard Method of Sampling Bituminous Mixture. A sample not less than 10 kg is
taken and place in sample bag that would insure against contamination. This is taken every
Ans. 10 kgs every 75 cu m or 130 tons of mix.
361. The apparatus used to determine the flash point of asphaltic
material is called
Ans. Cleveland Open Cup
362. The asphalt samples for ductility and penetration test should be
subjected to water bath at a temperature of
Ans. 25⁰C for 1½ hours.
363. Item 307- Bituminous Plant-Mix Surface Course-General, includes general requirements
that are applicable to all types of bituminous plant mix surface course irrespective of gradation
of aggregates or kind and amount of bituminous materials.
364. Item 305-Bituminous Penetration Macadam Pavement, consist of furnishing and placing
one or more courses of graded aggregates and one or more application of bituminous
material followed by seal coat with cover aggregates constructed in a prepare base.
365. Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of less than ____ mm. shall not be subject to
a requirement for water absorption.
Ans. 9.5 mm
366. Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of less than ______ mm. shall not be subject
to a requirement for compaction. Ans. 13 mm
367. Strip of the joint filler that do not conform to the specified dimension within the permissible
variation of ______ mm. thickness ________ in depth shall be rejected.
Ans. +/- 1.6 to – 0 mm thickness; +/- 3 mm. in depth
368. A light spray application of asphalt to an existing pavement as a seal to inhibit raveling, or
seal the surface or both.
Ans. Fog Seal
369. A light application of bituminous material for the express purpose of laying and bonding loose
dust.
Ans. Dust Binder
370. The aggregate that is graded from the maximum size, down to and including filler, with the
object of obtaining a bituminous mix with a controlled void content and high stability is called.
Ans. Dense-graded aggregate
371. The bituminous material used to fill and seal cracks in existing pavement.
Ans Crack Filler
372. The application of sprayed bituminous coatings not involving the use of aggregate.
Ans. Bituminous application
373. A mixture of bituminous material and mineral aggregate usually prepared in a conventional
hot – mix plant or drum mixer at a temperature of not more than ______ and spread and
compacted at the job site at a temperature above _______.
Ans. 260⁰F (127⁰C) / 200⁰F (93⁰C)
374. An application of low viscosity bituminous material to an absorptive surface designed to
penetrate, bond, and stabilize this existing surface and to promote adhesion between it and
the new super-impose construction.
Ans. Prime Coat

375. A uniform application of a mixture of emulsified asphalt, fine aggregate, mineral filler, and
water to an existing pavement, single or multiple applications may be used.
Ans. Slurry Seal
376. An application of bituminous material applied for an existing, relatively non-absorbent surface
to provide a thorough bond between old and new surfacing.
Ans. Tack Coat
377. A bituminous aggregate application to any type of road or pavement surface for the purpose
of providing a wearing course, or surface seal or both.
Ans. Treatment and Seals
378. A bituminous-sand application to an existing pavement to seal the surface and to function as
a light – wearing course.
Ans. Sand Seal
379. A spray application of bituminous material used to temporarily stabilize a recently seeded
area. The bituminous material can be applied to the soil or to a straw or hay mulch as a tie
down.
Ans. Mulch Treatment
380. A combination of bituminous material and aggregate that is physically mixed by mechanical
means, spread on the job site and compacted.
Ans. Bituminous Aggregate Mixtures
381. A combination of bituminous material and mineral aggregate applied at ambient temperature
for use in patching holes, depression and distress area in existing pavement.
Ans. Maintenance Mix
382. A pavement construction using essentially one-size aggregate which penetrated in place by
an application of high viscosity bituminous material followed by an application of smaller size
course aggregate and thoroughly rolled,
Ans. Penetration Macadam
383. What is liquid asphalt?
Ans. Cut-back asphalt and Emulsified Asphalt
384. SS-1 or SS-1h is what kind of asphalt?
Ans. Slow Setting Emulsified Asphalt
385. What is the penetration grade for blown asphalt?
Ans. 0 to 30
386. What is the ideal penetration grade of asphalt use in Tropical Region?
Ans. 85 to 100 (but some uses 60 to 70)
387. What is the rate of application of bituminous tack coat?
Ans. 0.2 to 0.7 liter/sq.m.
388. What is the rate of application of bituminous prime coat?
Ans. 1 to 2 liters/sq.m.
389. For how many hours or how long shall a bituminous prime coat left undisturbed?
Ans. 24 hrs.
390. What kind of asphalt is used as prime coat?
Ans. Cut-back asphalt (medium curing or rapid curing)
391. No tack coat or prime coat shall be applied when the weather is foggy or rainy.
Ans. True
392. What kind of asphalt is used as tack coat?
Ans. cut-back asphalt (rapid curing) or emulsified asphalt
393. Where should the bituminous seal coat be used?
Ans. on an existing bituminous surface course with or without an
application of aggregates
394. How to determine the asphalt content of bituminous mix?
Ans. by means of extraction test
395. In an extraction test, aside from the asphalt what other materials being extracted?
Ans. Aggregates or composite aggregates (minerals of fine & coarse
aggregates)
396. What is being determined in a core sample from asphalt pavement/
Ans. Thickness and density of pavement.
397. W hich of the following bituminous material is best recommended for
sealing weakened plane joints?
Ans. Joint Filler Asphalt (commonly known as hard asphalt)
398. The spot test on asphalt is used to determine what?
Ans. overheating during manufacture
399. Initial or breakdown rolling in bituminous mixes shall be performed with a _____ roller.
Ans. Pneumatic Tire Roller
400. Final rolling in bituminous mixes shall be perform with a _____ roller.
Ans. 3-wheel or Tandem type steel wheel roller not less than 10-Tons
401. Rolling of bituminous mix shall be discontinued whenever it begins to
produce excessive ______ or ________.
Ans. pulverizing of the aggregate or displacement of the mixture
402. Final rolling shall be continued until roller marks are eliminated and a
minimum of _____ mass percent of the density of the laboratory compacted a specimen
prepared in accordance with AASHTO T166 has been obtained.
Ans. 97 mass percent
403. S a m p l e f r o m c o m p a c t e d b i t u m i n o u s m i x s h a l l b e n e a t l y c u t b y saw or
core drill. Each sample shall be at least ____________
.Ans. 150 mm. x 150 mm. or 100mm diameter full depth
404. For surface tolerance the surface (bituminous mix) will be check by the use of a _____ at
sites selected by the Engineer.
Ans. 3 meter straight edge
405. In testing bituminous mix sample for Immersion-Compression Stability the sample is soaked
in water bath for ______ days.
Ans. four (4)
406. Given: Wt.of dry aggregate=950 grams Wt. of asphalt = 50 grams, what is the total %
of asphalt weight of total mix
Ans. Wt. of total mix = wt. of dry agg. + wt. of asphalt
= 950 + 50
= 1,000 grams
Therefore: (50grams/1,000grams) x 100 = 5%
407. Does the percent asphalt in problem above meet the required
specification for percent asphalt in bituminous mixes? Why?
Ans. yes, because standard specification for percent asphalt in bituminous
mixes is 5% to 8%
408. If the actual percent asphalt in the problem above is 5% and the
percent asphalt in a job-mix 5.6% did it pass the required tolerance? Why?
Ans. No, because the required tolerance for % asphalt in a job-mix formula
is+/-0.4%
409. What is the percent weight of aggregates (coarse, fine and mineral filler) in the mixture of
bituminous concrete surface course?
Ans. 92 to 95%
410. What is the percent weight of asphalt in the bituminous mixture?
Ans. 5 to 8%
411. How can we establish the exact percentage to be used in the bituminous mixture?
Ans. Job-mix formula
412. What are the two types of bitumen that are commonly used in bituminous concrete surface
course?
Ans. 1) Tar- is viscous liquid obtained from distillation of coal or wood
2) Petroleum Asphalt – are the product of the distillation of crude oil
413. What are the three major petroleum asphalt product?
Ans. 1) Asphalt cement – produced in various viscosity grade, the most
common penetration grade are, 200/300, 120/150, 85/100, 40/50
2) Cut-back asphalt – are asphalt mixed with solvents to reduce their
viscosity
3) Emulsified Asphalt – are mixture of asphalt cement and water
with emulsifying agent
414. What are the solvents for cut back asphalt?
Ans. 1) gasoline – for rapid curing type
2) kerosene – for medium curing type
3) diesel fuel – for slow curing type
415. Emulsified asphalt is either _____ or _________.
Ans. 1) cationic emulsion – which work better with wet aggregate and in
cold weather
2) anionic emulsion – which adhere better to aggregate which have
positive charges
416. What is the bituminous material commonly used in item 310?

Ans. Asphalt cement (AC)
417. What greatly influence the service of an asphalt pavement?
Ans. grade and quantity of asphalt
418. What influence primarily the grade of asphalt selected?
Ans. Climatic condition
419. The lower penetration grade or hard asphalt is used in ____________.
Ans. hot climate
420. The higher penetration grade or softer asphalt is used in___________.
Ans. cold climate
421. How many weeks do a producer of asphalt mix or the contractor shall submit the job-mix
formula?
Ans. three (3) weeks prior to production
422. Who will approve the job –mix formula?
Ans. DPWH Project Engineer and Materials Engineer
423. The job-mix formula contains provisions on the following:
Ans. 1) Grading
2) Percentage and type of asphalt
3) Temp. of aggregate and asphalt
4) Temp. of mixture upon delivery or at time of compaction
424. What is the primary quality control mechanism for the production of asphalt mixtures?
Ans. Job-mix formula which shall conformto the following ranges of tolerance:
Passing No. 4 and larger sieves ± 7%
Passing No. 8 to No. 100 sieves ± 4%
Passing No. 200 ± 2%
Bituminous Materials ± 0.4%
Temperature of mixture ± 10*C
425. What is the minimum dry compressive strength of the mixture?
Ans. 1.4 Mpa (200 psi)
426. The mixture shall have a mass percent air voids with the range of .
Ans. 3.0% - 5.0%
427. The quality control test for asphalt mix are the following:
Ans. 1) Immersion-Compression Test – determines the index of retained
strength of the mix
2) Extraction and Grading Test – determines the asphalt content and
particles size distribution of coarse and fine aggregates
3) Laboratory density test – determines the degree of compaction
428. What is the correct temperature that the mixture shall be placed as measured in the truck just
prior to dumping into the spreader?
Ans. 107*C
429. When tar is used, what is the temperature that the mixture shall be placed?
Ans. 66*C to 107*C
430. When shall the compaction be done in order to attain the required density?
Ans. when the mixture is still hot and workable
431. What control during the mixing and compaction is of great significance in the strength of the
resulting pavement?
Ans. temperature
432. How is the rolling be done?
Ans. It should begin from the side and proceed longitudinally parallel
toward the road centerline, each trip overlapping one half the rollers width
433. After the final rolling what should be checked?
Ans. degree of compaction
434. When the traffic is be permitted to enter the pavement?
Ans. when the pavement has cooled to atmospheric temperature
435. How is the sample taken from the finished pavement?
Ans. by means of core drill or saw
436. How is the surface level of the finished pavement being check?
Ans. by the use of 3 meters straight edge
437. The variation of the surface from the testing edge of the straight between contacts with the
surface shall not exceed ________..
Ans. 6 mm.
438. What determine the thickness and density of compacted asphalt pavement?
Ans. core test
CALCULATIONS
Bitumen Content of Asphalt = Orig. wt. of sample – wt. after extraction x 100
Wt. of sample after extraction
INDEX OF RETAINED STRENGTH
Wet Compressive Strength
IRS = ------------------------------------- x 100
Dry Compressive Strength
SAMPLE:
Dry, P = 2.99 ton
X sectional area = π 42 = 12.566 sq.inch
4
= 12.566 x 25.42 = 8107.32 mm2
Comp.Str. = 2.99 x 1000 = 0.3688 kg/mm2

Dry 8,107.32
= 0.3688 x 9.8 x 103
= 3,164 KN/sq.m
Wet, P = 2.84 , A = 8,107.32 mm2
Cost. Wet = _2.84_ x 1000 x 9.8 x 103

8,107.32
= 3,433 KN/sq.m
IRS = 3443 x 100 = 95%

3614
Specification Requirement = 70 % (min)
Bulk Specific Gravity of Asphalt
Mass in Air
SP.Gr. = -----------------------------------------
Mass in SSD – Mass in H2O
Bitumen Content
Sample:
Orig. mass = 850 grams
Mass of Sample after Extraction = 802 grams
Bitumen Extracted = 850 – 802 = 48 grams
Bitumen Cont. = 48 x 100 = 6.0%

802
From Job Mix Formula
Asphalt Content = 5.8% by mass aggregate

Tolerance Blue Book = ± 0.4%
Spec’s Requirement = 5.4 to 6.2 %
Fineness Modulus of Sand
= Sum of % Retained from 3/8” sieve to #100

100

439. Bituminous material used for treating an aggregate base course before an asphalt mix is
overlay;
a) Prime coat
b) Tack coat
c) Seal coat
440. Blue smoke rising from the mix in the truck or in the spreader hopper may indicate;
a) Excess asphalt cement
b) Excess moisture content
c) Overheated batch
441. Hard blown asphalt is also called;
a) Hot asphalt
b) Asphalt cement
c) Oxidized asphalt
442. Rate of application to use bituminous prime coat;(using RC or MC cut-back asphalt)
a) 0.20 to 0.70 liters/sq.m. (for bituminous tack coat)
b) 0.20 to 1.50 liters/sq.m.(for bituminous seal coat)
c) 1.00 to 2.00 liters/sq.m.
443. Samples required for asphaltic materials for 40 metric tons or 200 drums;
a) 5 liters
b) 10 liters
c) 20 liters
444. Proportion of asphaltic materials to be added to the dry soil-aggregate in Asphalt Stabilized
Road Mix Base Course;
a) 3 to 12 mass % of dry soil (for Lime Stabilized Road Mix Base Course)
b) 4 to 7 mass % of dry soil (for Asphalt Stabilized Road Mix Base Course)
c) 6 to 10 mass % of dry soil (for Portland Cement Stabilized Road Mix Base Course)
445. In sampling asphalt the following should be observed;
a) Use new clean containers to avoid contamination
b) Seal filled containers with clean, dry tight fitting lids.
c) Labels containers clearly and properly
d) All of the above
446. The asphalt penetration test results is 9 mm, hence the penetration grade tested is;
a) 60 to 70
b) 85 to 100
c) 100 to 120
447. Minimum dry compressive strength of asphalt mix;
a) 1.4 Mpa (200 psi)
b) 2.0 Mpa (290 psi)
c) 3.0 Mpa (435 psi)
448. A 5.00 cu.m of asphalt mix was loaded by a truck, upon delivery at site the temperature was
115⁰C, If you are the materials engineer of your firm, what will you recommend?
a) Reject the delivered mix
b) Spread little by little and compact
c) Recycle the mix
449. In determining the “Gmb” of compacted asphalt mixtures, the results are as follows;
Wt of sample in air = 2050 gms
Wt of sample in water = 1170 gms
Wt of sample saturated surface dry = 2052 gms
Wt of sample in air
Bulk specific gravity is = --------------------------------------------------------
Wt of sample SSD - Wt of sample in water
2050
= -------------------- = 2.324
2052 – 1170
450. When loads have been arriving at the spreader with the material peaked, or doomed up, and
a load suddenly appears in which the material lies flat, it indicates_______.
a) Excess asphalt
b) Excess fine aggregates
c) Cold mixture
451. In extraction test of compacted mix, the wt of original sample is 850 gms and the wt after
extraction is 802 gms, The bitumen content percent by mass of aggregates will be ______.
a) 5% 850 - 802
b) 5.98% = --------------- x 100 = 5.98%
c) 8% 802
452. In job-mix formula, what is the tolerance in grading of aggregates for ½ “sieve. (for bituminous
concrete mix)
a) ±4 (#8 to # 100), & # 200 ± 2
b) ±6
c) ±7 (for #4 (4.75mm) and larger sieves)
453. In job-mix formula for asphalt concrete mix, the tolerance for # 30 sieve;
a) ±2
b) ±4 (for #8(2.36mm) to # 100(0.150mm) sieves
c) ±7
454. Minimum of index of retained strength (IRS) of compacted asphalt mix
a) 70% Wet Stability or Wet Compressive strength
b) 80% IRS,%=---------------------------------------------------------- x 100 = 70%(min.)
c) 90% Dry Stability or Dry Compressive Strength
455. For Thickness determination of compacted asphalt concrete cores shall be done in ___.
a) 4 measurements (for asphalt concrete cores)
b) 6 measurements
c) 9 measurements (for concrete cores)
456. The required number of cores on compacted asphalt concrete mix taken for each full day
operations.
a) At least one, but not more than 3 core
b) At least two, but not more than 4 core
c) At least one, but nit more than 6 core
457. If no core was taken at the end of the day’s operation and the project has already been
completed.
a) A core shall be taken for every 100 linear meters
b) 2 core shall be taken for every 100 linear meters
c) 3 core shall be taken for every 150 linear meters
458. The bulk specific gravity of asphalt concrete mix core is 2.317; the wt of asphalt mix in air is
2055 gms. What is the density?
a) 2.32 Density= Bulk Specific Gravity x Density of water
b) 2.51 Density of water = 1.0 gm/cu.cm
c) 2.55
459. The required speed of roller in compacting asphalt concrete mix is_________.
a) 5 kph
b) 8 kph
c) 10 kph
460. Minimum required temperature when asphalt mix is placed at site.
a) 107⁰C
b) 110⁰C
c) 115⁰C
461. Initial compaction of asphalt mix is done by;
a) Tandem roller not less than 10 tons
b) Pneumatic tired roller not less than 10 tons
c) Sheepsfoot roller not less than 10 tons
462. After final rolling, the degree of compaction should be checked. The compacted pavement
shall have a density;
a) Equal to, or greater than 95% of the laboratory compacted density.(1195 spec’s)
b) Equal to, or greater than 96% of the laboratory compacted density.
c) Equal to, or greater than 97% of the laboratory compacted density. (2004 spec’s)
463. The control of temperature during mixing and compaction is of great significance.
a) The strength of the resulting pavement
b) The amount of asphalt content
c) The amount of aggregate content

464. Asphaltic materials use for treating an existing bituminous materials or cement concrete;
a) Prime coat
b) Tack coat
c) Seal coat
465. Number of hours of Immersion /Compression test that the sample place in water.
a) 4 hours
b) 6 hours
c) 8 hours
466. What is the use of emulsifier in asphalt?
a) to prevent bleeding
b) to mix the water and asphalt
c) as an aide to compaction
467. All asphalt are thermoplastic. That is, they become _______ as their temperature decreases
and ______ as their temperature increases.
a) Harder, softer
b) viscous, sticky
c) softer,harder
468. Give two (2) test of asphalt mix and their significance.
a) Extraction – to determine the bitumen content % by mass of aggregate
b) Immersion Compaction Test- to determine the compressive strength
469. Another name for joint filler is ___________.
a) Cutback asphalt
b) blown asphalt
c) asphalt cement
470. Aggregates account for 92-95% of the weight of the bituminous mix, while asphalt accounts
for 5-8% of the weight of mix. The exact percentage to be used is determined by _______.
a) Trial mix
b) design mix
c) job mix
471. In checking the temperature of the mix, the thermometer should be inserted into the mix at
least ________.
a) 4 inches
b) 6 inches
c) 6 cm
472. The rate of application in a bituminous prime coat is ________.
a) 1-2 l/sm
b) 0.2-1.5 l/sm
c) 0.5-2.0 l/sm
473. _______________ is applied on existing bituminous or cement concrete surface e with

bituminous materials.
a) Bituminous Prime Coat
b) Bituminous Tack Coat
c) Bituminous Seal Coat
474. Specifications require 1 quality test for every ________ of asphalt.
a) 20 tons
b) 40 tons/200 drums
c) 130 tons
475. The penetration test is an indication of the __________ of the asphalt.
a) consistency
b) hardness
c) flash point
476. The __________ is the most commonly used method in the design and evaluation of
bituminous concrete mixes.
a) Marshall Stability
b) Job Mix Formula
c) Design Mix
477. In asphalting works, there are ________ phases of rolling.
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
478. The ____________ test determines the asphalt content in the bituminous mix.
a) Extraction
b) Absorption
c) Grading
479. In a bituminous mix, there are 3 kinds of aggregate, what kind of aggregates that passes the
No. 200 sieve?
a) Coarse ret on # 8(2.36mm)
b) Fine pass #8-ret # 200(.075mm)
c) Mineral Filler pass # 200(.075mm)
480. Liquid asphalt is also called _________.
a) Cutback asphalt
b) Emulsified asphalt
c) Blown asphalt
481. A mixture of asphalt cement and water with emulsifying agent is called
a) R.C. cutback
b) M.C. cutback
c) Asphalt emulsion
d) Oxidized asphalt
482. The a) Marshall Stability Test, b) Immersion-Compression Test, c) Job-mix
Formula, compares the compressive strength of dry and wet specimens of asphalt mixes.
483. The effective asphalt content is a) lower than b) higher than c) equal to the actual asphalt
content.
484. The temperature of hot mixes being delivered should not be less than its
a) mixing
b) application
c) heating
d) compaction temperature
485. The maximum specific gravity of an asphalt mix containing 6.0% asphalt by weight of mix
is 2.5, if the specific gravity of asphalt is 1.01; the specific gravity of the aggregate is equal to
a) 2.65
b) 2.56
c) 2.76 100% = 6% + 94% ; therefore Sp.GrAgg = 2.76
d) 2.70 2.5 1.01 SpGrAgg
486. The weight in air of a core specimen taken from asphalt pavement is 4,128 g. If its SSD
weight is 4,137 g. and its weight in water is 2,237 g. Therefore, its bulk specific gravity is
a) 1.72 (Mass in air) 4,128
b) 2.28 = --------------------------------------------------------------- = 2.17
c) 2.69 (Mass in SSD)4,137 – (Mass in Water) 2,237
487. The bulk specific gravity of a sample of bituminous pavement taken from a newly rolled
section is 2.244. If the laboratory compacted specific gravity is 2.362 and the
minimum compaction requirement is 95%, the pavement is
a) satisfactorily rolled Actual / Lab Comp = 2.244/2.363 x 100= 95%
b) over compacted
c) in need of more rolling
488. To give Bituminous Plant Mix Base Course greater resistance to water, _____ hydrated lime
should be added during mixing
a) ½ to 1%
b) 1½ to 2%
c) 2 to 3%
489. The type of Bituminous Macadam Pavement is
a) asphalt cement
b) asphalt emulsion
c) rock asphalt
d) either a or b
490. For bituminous concrete mixes, the asphalt material may either be asphalt cement or asphalt
emulsion
a) true
b) false
491. Coarse Aggregate for Bituminous Macadam Pavement should be
a) crushed gravel or stone
b) natural gravel
c) both a and b
d) none of the above
492. a) Rock asphalt, b) Asphalt emulsion, c) asphalt cement,d) cutback asphalt is an asphalt for
med by natural process of evaporation.
493. The apparatus used in determining the consistency of liquid asphalt is the
a) flowmeter
b) viscometer
c) penetrometer
d) pycnometer
494. S o l i d , b) liquid, c) Blown, d) hot asphalt is preferable for bituminous prime coat.
495. a) Distillation, b) Extraction, c) Penetration, d) Solubility is the test used in
determining amount of asphalt cement in liquid asphalt.
496. a) Asphalt cement, b) cut-back asphalt, c) asphalt mixes, d) asphalt emulsion are
usually tested for extraction.
497. Extraction test is the procedure used for separating
a) the asphalt from water in emulsified asphalt
b) asphalt from mineral aggregates
c) asphalt from kerosene solvent
d) asphalt from gasoline solvent
498. The optimum asphalt content obtained in a Marshall Stability test is the average of the asphalt
content of the Maximum Stability, Maximum density and….
a) Maximum flow
b) Maximum air voids
c) 4% air voids
d) 4% flow
499. a) VMA, b) Air voids, c) Permeable, voids are inter-granular void spaces between aggregate
particles.
500. The main difference between a bulk measured specific gravity of a
b i t u m i n o u s m i x t u r e s a n d i t s maximum measured specific gravity is the..
a) weight of the voids
b) weight of the asphalt
c) volume of the voids
d) volume of the aggregates
501. Asphalt cement, b) emulsified asphalt, c) Rapid curing, d) medium curing cut-
back, is the best type of asphalt to be used for hot mixes.
502. The rate of application of emulsified asphalt used as bituminous prime coat is…
a) 0.5 to 1 lit/sq.m.
b) 1.0 to 1.5 lit/sq.m.
c) 1.5 to 2.0 lit/sq.m.
503. Item 306 is called
a) Bituminous Surface Treatment (item 304)
b) Bituminous Road Mix Surface Course (item 306)
c) Bituminous Plant Mix (Stockpile Maintenance Mixture) (item 309)
d) Bituminous Penetration Macadam Pavement (item 305)
504. The result of asphalt instability or granular base or subgrade weakness, the pavement usually
twists out of shape.
a) disintegration
b) upheaval
c) distortion
d) bleeding
505. The localized upward displacement of a pavement due to swelling of the subgrade or some
portion of the pavement structure.
a) upheaval
b) edge cracking
c) raveling
d) depression
506. Asphalt cement submitted in the laboratory for quality test should always have a
corresponding.
a) Job mix formula
b) Test report
c) Sample card
d) Minimum testing requirements

507. This test is the measure by distance to which it will elongate before breaking when two (2)
ends of a briquette with specimen are pulled apart at a specified speed and temperature.
a) penetration
b) solubility
c) ductility
d) viscosity
508. The amount of emulsified asphalt to be added in a Bituminous Plant-Mix Surface Course,
Cold Laid (Item 308) shall be ____mass percent, total dry aggregate basis:
a) 4 to 8 %
b) 5 to 10%
c) 6 to 10%
Note: If MC is used, the proportion of bituminous material on the basis of total dry aggregates shall
be 4.5 to 7.0%
509. The resistance to deformation of bituminous mixture is measured by;
a) flow index
b) index of retained strength
c) ductility test
d) extraction test
510. The apparatus used in determining the grade of asphalt cement is;
a) hydrometer
b) penetrometer
c) penetromanometer
511. The actual cementing power in asphalt;
a) petrolene
b) asphaltene
c) bitumen
d) resin
512. In an Immersion-Compression Test, molding of specimen is done into _____layer/s.
Note: In Marshall Stability, molding of specimen is done in one (1) layer
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
513. This test indicates the temperature in which asphalt cement may be heated without the
danger of catching fire. it is used as criterion in eliminating fire hazards.
a) softening point
b) flash point
c) laser point
d) heating point
514. An asphalt pavement needs sufficient _____to avoid flushing or bleeding.
a) compaction
b) Air-voids?
c) binders
d) mineral filler
515. A job-mix formula provides for close control of;
a) asphalt content
b) aggregate gradation
c) temperature of asphalt, aggregate and mix
d) all of the above
516. The thinnest and most fluid grade of medium curing cutback asphalt is;
a) MC – 250
b) MC – 70
c) MC – 30
Note: For MC, the higher the grade the thicker
517. Item 310 – Bituminous Surface Course, Hot Laid provides an air voids between;
a) 3 – 5%
b) 5 – 7%
c) 5 – 8%
d) 8 – 10%

518. Emulsified asphalt that has a positive charge particle is usually classified;
a) anionic
b) cationic
c) pozzolanic
d) ultrasonic
519. The characteristics of a bituminous mix that indicates resistance to disintegration is called;
a) stability
b) flexibility
c) durability
d) integrity
520. This test compares the compressive strength of dry and wet specimen of bituminous mix;
a) Marshall stability
b) immersion-compression
c) extraction
d) bulk specific gravity
521. In Item 310 – Bituminous Surface Course, Hot Laid requires 70% minimum index of retained
strength (IRS). In the immersion-compression test, the dry stability is about 900 psi. Based on
the data, the wet stability should be at least _____psi.
a) 270
b) 630 Wet Stability
c) 1286 IRS = ------------------------ x100; wet stability = IRS x dry stability=630
d) 1500 Dry Stability
522. A compacted bituminous pavement shall have a minimum density of equal to or greater
than___
a) 90%
b) 95%
c) 100%
Note: The compacted pavement shall have a density equal to, or greater than 95 mass percent of
the density of a laboratory specimen.
523. The rate of application of emulsified asphalt used as tack coat should be within the range of
a) 0.2 – 0.5 lit / m2
b) 0.2 – 0.7 lit / m2
c) 0.15 – 0.7 lit / m2
d) 1.0 – 2.0 lit / m2
524. The service performance of an asphalt pavement is greatly influenced by;
a) grade of asphalt
b) quantity of asphalt
c) both a & b
d) none of the above
525. In asphalt pavement construction, after spreading bituminous mix, compaction will follow
where rolling shall begin at the sides and proceed longitudinally parallel toward the road
centreline, each trip overlapping _____of the roller width, gradually progressing to the crown
of the road.
a) ½
b) 1
c) 1½
526. The control of temperature during the mixing and compaction is of great significance in the
____of the resulting pavement.
a) strength
b) skid resistance
c) flexibility
d) all of the above
527. The test in emulsified asphalt which determines the resistance of the emulsion to break when
mixed with mineral aggregates.
a) solubility
b) sieve test
c) cement mixing
d) storage stability

528. In identifying project location intended for asphalt pavement, which of the following criteria is
not appropriate to recommend?
a) drainage facilities is well-maintained
b) location is not a typhoon belt area
c) existing base course is stable
d) flood-prone section
529. The primary quality control mechanism for the production of asphalt mixtures which will have
a high degree of uniformity that will satisfy job requirements is called;
a) marshall stability test
b) job-mix formula
c) immersion-compression stability test
d) both a & b
530. When a completed asphalt pavement exhibits too much voids, it is usually caused by the
following except of;
a) rolling the mixtures below the temperature requirements
b) too much coarse aggregates
c) too little binder
d) too much fine aggregates
531. The test result from specimen taken from a recently rolled asphalt pavement showed that its
total asphalt content is 5.45% by weight of mix. If the asphalt absorbed by the aggregate is
0.95% the effective asphalt content by weight of mix is;
a) 4.8%
b) 4.552%
c) 5.5%
Note: Pbe =Pb- (Pba/100) x Ps
where: Pbe = effective asphalt content, percent by total weight of mixture
Pba=absorbed asphalt, percent by weight of aggregate
Pb=asphalt content, percent by total weight of mixture
Ps=aggregate content, percent by total weight of mixture
532. An asphalt mix prepared in laboratory used 30%, 50%, 20% by weight of coarse aggregate
(CA), fine aggregate (FA), and mineral filler (MF), respectively. If the specific gravity of CA ,
FA, and MF, are 2.5, 2.65, and 2.5, respectively, the overall specific gravity of composite
aggregate is:
a) 2.58
b) 2.45
c) 2.77 wt of CA + wt of FA + wt of MF 30 + 50 + 20
SGoa= ------------------------------------------- = -----------------------------------= 2.58
wt of CA wt of FA wt of MF 30/2.5 + 50/2.65 + 20/2.5
------------ + ------------ +------------
SG of CA SG of FA SG of MF
533. If 95% of the aggregate is mixed with 5% asphalt by weight of mix, the specific gravity of the
mix (if it is voidless) is: specific gravity of asphalt is 1.01
a) 2.45
b) 2.23
c) 2.39
100
Gmm = Gmb =-------------------------- = 2.39
(voidless) 95/2.58 + 5/1.01
534. If the bituminous mix has 5% air voids, the bulk specific gravity (Gmb) can be computed as:
a) 2.51
b) 2.27
c) 2.39
d) 2.41
Gmm - Gmb
% Air Voids = -------------------------- x 100
Gmm
2.39 – Gmb
5/100 = -------------------------, therefore Gmb = 2.51
2.39

535. If the dry stability of a bituminous mix is 3,950 lbs, and its wet stability is 2,830 lbs, the Index
Retained Strength (IRS) is
a) 50.20%
b) 71.60% IRS=( 2,830/3,950)x 100
c) 73.20%
536. The voids of mineral aggregate (VMA) is;
a) the sum of the air voids and the volume of the mix
b) the difference between the volume of the mix and the volume of the
aggregate
c) the sum of the air voids and the volume of aggregate
d) the difference between the volume of mix and volume of asphalt
537. The distance travelled by a standard penetration needle on a prepared sample of asphalt
cement under condition for normal penetration is 9.0 mm (the penetration scale has 1/10 mm
calibration). Asphalt cement is classified as ______penetration grade.
a) 60 – 7-
b) 85 – 100
c) 120 – 150
d) 200 – 300
538. The contractor shall submit in writing a job-mix formula for the mixture supported by
laboratory test data along with samples of resources of components and viscosity –
temperature relationships to the Engineer for testing and approval at least __________.
a) two weeks c) one week
b) three weeks d) four weeks
539. Specification requires one (1) Quality test for every ____ of asphalt.
a) 20 tons c) 50 tons
b) 200 tons d) 40 tons (200 Drums)
540. _____ is applied on existing bituminous, or cement concrete surface with bituminous
materials.
a) Bituminous Prime Coat c) Bituminous Seal Coat
b) Bituminous Tack Coat d) Bituminous Surface Treatment
541. Asphalt cement shall not be used while it is foaming nor shall be heated at ____ any time
after delivery.
a) 107⁰C b) 120⁰C c) 159⁰C
542. Moisture content of aggregate in bit mix shall not exceed ____ of the time it is introduce into
the mixing unit.
a) 1.5 mass % b) 1 mass % c) 2.0 mass %
543. Used of bituminous cold mix for potholes patching during rainy/wet period is acceptable
a) False b) True
544. ______ determines the best combination of the material that will produce a potentially stable
& durable mixture.
a) Job mix formula b) Design of bituminous mix c) Marshall formula
545. _________ is the tolerance of mix in bituminous.
a) 10* C c) 15* C
b) 12* C d) 18* C
546. Prime coat shall be left undisturbed for at least _____.
a) 6 hours b) 12 hours c) 24 hours
547. The first phase of rolling the spread bituminous mix is called breakdown rolling which is
carried out by pneumatic roller, temperature requirement must be _____.
a) 200 – 225* F c) 160 – 180* F
b) 190 – 199* F d) 150 – 185* F
548. How many gradation ranges for hot plant mix bituminous pavement are there in the blue
book? for cold mix: 2 gradation
a) 5 c) 7
b) 6 d) 8
549. What is the plasticity index of mineral filler?
a) not greater than 4 c) not greater than 8
550. How many days does the emulsified asphalt must be tested after delivery at temperature 40*F
(4.5*C).
a) 10 days c) 14 days
b) 12 days d) 16 days

551. In bituminous mixture asphalt content is 5–8% and 92-95% aggregates, what will be the
amount of additives?
a) not more than 2% c) more than 2%
b) not more than 3% d) more than 4%
552. The rate of application of bituminous prime coat is_____.
a) 1-2L/sq. m. c) 0.2-1.5L/sq. m.
b) 0.2-0.7L/sq. m. d) 0.5-2L/sq. m.
553. The apparatus used to measure the thickness or height of compacted bituminous pavement
a) Ruler b) Vernier Caliper c) Steel Tape
554. It is used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture and the degree of compaction of the
asphalt pavement
a) Bulk Specific Gravity of compacted mixture using Saturated Surface
Dry specimen (SSD)
b) Dry unit weight of the compacted bituminous mixture.
c) Mass of the specimen in water
555. The test which covers the quantitative determination of bitumen in hot-mixed paving mixtures
and pavement sample for specification acceptance service evaluation, control and research.
a) Extraction b) spot test c) Flash point
556. The solvent used in extraction of bitumen.
a) Diesel Oil b) Gasoline c) Water
557. The percent of bitumen content is computed based on.
a) by mass of raw sample
b) by mass of dry aggregate
c) by mass of asphalt
558. This method is used to determine the grading of aggregates extracted from bituminous
mixtures.
a) Mechanical properties of extracted aggregates
b) Stability test
c) Viscosity
559. The drying temperatures of samples.
a) 110 ± 5⁰ C b) 100 ± 10⁰ C c) 100 ⁰ C
560. It is solid asphalt which is a basic constituent of all other asphalt called as hot asphalt or
penetration grade asphalt.
a) Asphalt Cement b) Emulsified Asphalt c) Cutback Asphalt
561. It is a kind of liquid asphalt which is a mixture of asphalt cement and water with emulsified
with pungent odor.
a) Emulsified Asphalt b) Asphalt Cement c) Rapid Curing Asphalt
562. A property of asphalt cement to strectch without breaking is…..?
a) Ductility b) Durability c) Tensile
563. It is a point where the volatile components of asphalt will evaporate.
a) Fire Point b) Flash Point c) Center Point
564. It determines whether asphalt is over heated or not during the process of manufacture.
a) Spot Test b) Boil Test c) Extraction Test
565. A n a p p a r a t u s u s e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e s p e c i f i c g r a v i t y o f a s p h a l t i s called.
a) Metal Pycnometer b) Glass Pycnometer c) any bottle
566. Consistency test for asphalt is called___________.
a) Viscosity b) Slump test c) Loss in heating
567. A process of volatilization test which measures the relative proportion of asphalt to oil.
a) Distillation b) Extraction c) Float Test
568. It is a period wherein the asphalt begins to melt
a) Softening Point b) Boiling Point c) Fire Point
569. The component of bituminous mixes which range from 92% to 95%is….
a) Bituminous Blended Aggregate
b) Concrete Aggregate
c) Sand
570. These are the factor affecting the workability of bituminous mixes.
a) Gradation of aggregate, quality of asphalt, and temperature of mix
b) Surface texture and temperature mix
c) Quantity of aggregates and asphalt content

571. The sampling requirement of bituminous mixes is _____.

a) 1 sample for every 75 cu. m. or 130 tons of mix
b) 1 sample for every 150 cu. m.
c) 1 sample per delivery per day
572. The application of liquid asphaltic material on a prepared untreated base is _____.
a) Prime Coating b) Seal Coating c) Tack Coating
573. The application of liquid asphaltic material to an existing surface is _
a) Tack Coating b) Seal Coating c) Prime Coating
574. The application of asphaltic material and aggregate to an existing surface for the purpose of
sealing it against the infiltration of water or surface moisture is called ____
a) Seal Coating b) Tack Coating c) Prime Coating
575. The rate of application of prime coating using cutback asphalt is ______.
a) 1-2 liters/sq. m b) 0.5-1 liter/ sq. m c) 2-3 liters/sq. m
576. The rate of application of tack coating using liquid or emulsified asphalt.
a) 0.2-0.7 li/sq.m b) 0.1-0.5 li/sq. m c) 2 li/sq. m.
577. The rate of application of seal coat using asphalt cement is ________.
a) 0.9-1.8 li/sq. m b) 10-11 li/sq. m c) 8-9 li/sq. m
578. The rate of application of seal coat using cutback asphalt is ________.
a) 1.5-3.0 li/sq. m b) 2.0-3.0 li/sq. m c) 1-2 li/sq .m
579. The objective of designing the asphalt mixture is determination of…..
a) Type and grade of asphalt, proportion of coarse, fine and mineral filler,
if used and asphalt content.
b) To produce a desirable characteristic of pavement which are stable, durable,
flexible and skid resistance?
c) All of the above
580. The significance of final rolling is to remove the roller marks to previous rolling in order to
have a good finish pavement with a temperature of 160⁰F. (71⁰C)
a) True b) False c) Maybe
581. The proper way of rolling should begin at _____________________.
a) The sides and proceeds longitudinally towards the roads center, each
strip overlapping on half the roller width, gradually progressing the
crown of the road
b) The center and proceeding longitudinally toward the side of the road
c) Any part of the road provided each strip overlapping on half the roller width
582. What is the color of asphalt when it is overcook?
a) Yellowish brown b) black c) gray
583. _____ determines the thickness and density of compacted asphalt pavement.
a) Core test b) FDT c) X-ray
584. Too much asphalt content in the bituminous mixes causes ______
a) Bleeding b) potholes c) cracks
585. The wearing away of the pavement surface caused by the
dislodging of aggregate particle is called _______.
a) Raveling b) alligator crack c) rutting
586. I n t e r c o n n e c t e d c r a c k s f o r m i n g a s e r i e s o f s m a l l b l o c k s r e s e m b l i n g an
alligator’s skin or chicken wire is called ____________.
a) Alligator cracking b) reflection cracking c) bleeding
587. All asphalt are _______, they became harder as temperature decreases and softer as their
temperature increases.
a) thermoplastic c) brittle
b) hyrophobic d) none of the above
588. The viscosity of the asphalt during mixing and lay down is ___.
a) Viscosity at 135⁰C c) Viscosity at 60*C
b) Viscosity at 125*C d) Viscosity at 163*C
589. The higher the ________, the lower the penetration.
a) specific gravity c) durability
b) viscosity d) solubility
590. The Spot Test on asphalt is used to determine what?
a) Cleanliness c) safe working temperature
b) Overheating during manufacture d) viscosity of the mix

591. In a bituminous mix sample, what is the % of asphalt by a) weight of aggregate and by
b) weight of mix? Given the following data: Weight of dry aggregates (after extraction) = 950
grams: Weight of Mix = 1010.
a) A. a) 6.32% b) 5.50% c) 6.0% d) none of the above
(Wt mix- Wt of dry aggregates) / Wt of dry aggregates x 100 = 6.32%
b) B. a) 5.50% b) 6.32% c) 6.0% d) 5.94%
(Wt mix- Wt of dry aggregates) / Wt of mix x 100 = 5.94%
592. What grade of asphalt has a penetration grade of 0–30?
a) Emulsified asphalt c) blown asphalt
b) asphalt cement d) none of the above
593. How do you reduce the viscosity of Medium-Curing Cutback Asphalt? By mixing it with .
a) gasoline c) kerosene
b) diesel d) emulsion
594. What establish the exact percent of aggregates and asphalt content in a bituminous mix __.
a) design mix c) job mix formula
b) job order d) extraction formula
595. What greatly influence the serviceability of an asphalt pavement?
a) quality of aggregates and climate
b) penetration grade and quantity of asphalt
c) density and compaction of completed pavement
596. In asphalt pavement construction, how is the surface level of the completed pavement check
a) by T – core test
b) by density test
c) by the use of 3 meter straight edge
597. What primarily influence the grade of asphalt to be selected?
a) Penetration c) climate
b) Class of aggregate d) temperature
598. What control during the mixing and compaction of the bituminous pavement is of great
significance in the resulting pavement?
a) compaction c) grading of aggregates
b) density d) temperature
599. When is the completed asphalt pavement opened to traffic?
a) when the asphalt has cooled to atmospheric temperature
b) when the asphalt has cooled to +/- 10*C of the spreading temperature
c) when asphalt is still hot
600. The apparatus used in determining the consistency of asphalt cement.
a) Penetrometer b) viscometer c) thermometer
601. How is the consistency of liquid asphalt determined?
a) Viscometer b) Tag open cup c) penetrometer
602. As percent asphalt increases in Marshall Stability test, the % Air voids_.
a) increases c) remains constant
b) decreases d) a or b
603. The aggregate component contributes to shear strength and
stability of bituminous mixture. The desirable shape and surface texture of aggregate is __.
a) round and smooth surface c) round and rough texture
b) angular and smooth surface d) angular and rough texture
604. In what item of work emulsified asphalt and cut back asphalt used?
a) Tack Coat c) Seal Coat
b) Prime Coat d) Bituminous Surface Course Hot-Laid
605. The surface condition of tack coat before the next course should be applied is _______.
a) wet c) dry
b) sticky d) plastic
606. This is the wearing away of the pavement surface caused by the dislodging of aggregate
particles.
a) Rutting b) Raveling c) Shoving d) Corrugation
607. For semi solid materials, samples should be taken at the center of the containers at least
_____ mm. below the surface and 75 mm. from the sides with the aid of a clean hatcher
or patty knife.
a) 100 mm c) 75 mm
b) 85 mm d) 50 mm

608. This test classifies the different asphalts into types and the different types into grades.
a) Quality test c) Ductility test
b) Consistency test d) All of the above
609. This is the most important volatilization test on liquid asphalt products, its gives information as
to the actual amount of constituents remove at definite temperature.
a) Extraction test c) Evaporation test
b) Distillation test d) Softening test
610. This test indicates the purity of asphalt.
a) Specific Gravity c) Solubility
b) Viscosity d) Ductility
611. This is the most important factor which influences the stability of bituminous mixture.
a) Gradation of mineral aggregate
b) Shape and surface texture of aggregate
c) Hardness of aggregate particles
d) All of the above
612. The principal factor that affects the flexibility of bituminous mixture is _______.
a) the quality of bituminous binder
b) the quality of mineral filler
c) temperature susceptibility of the binder
c) all of the above
613. The application temperature of emulsified asphalt ranges from _____.
a) 66* to 107*C, c) 20* to 66*C,
b) 10⁰ to 71⁰C, d) 15* to 66*C
614. Flushing of bitumen to the surface after belting or screeding the hot mixture denotes rich
mixture.
a) True b) false c) neither of the two
615. The penetration grade of concrete joint sealer, hot poured elastic
type is.
a) 80 – 100 c) 100 - 120
b) below 90 d) 40 – 60
616. What is the penetration grade of bitumen prime coat?
a) 60 – 70 c) 85 – 100
b) 120 – 150 d) none of the above (Asphalt Cement 40/300)
617. The spraying application temperature of all grades of asphalt cement should not be more
than. a. 211*C c) 135*C
a) 159*C d) 204⁰C
618. What is the rate of application of bituminous prime coat using cutback asphalt?
a) 0.5 to 0.7 liters/sq. m. c) 1.0 to 1.1 liters/sq. m.
b) 1.0 to 2.0 liters/sq. m. d) 1.10 to 2.0 liters/sq.m.
619. Penetration and ductility test of asphalt are done in ___ temperature.
a) 60*C b) 25*C c) 50*C d) 10*C

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MATERIALS ENGINEERS (DPWH) ACCREDITATION EXAM REVIEWER III

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70. When will the traffic be permitted to utilize the pavement?

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95. Bowl- shaped holes various sizes in the pavement surface.

142. The Bituminous material commonly used in 310.

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167. Gives colour and hardness.

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334. These effects in wash boarding, resulting and flushing or bleeding.

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416. What is the bituminous material commonly used in item 310?

Comp.Str. = 2.99 x 1000 = 0.3688 kg/mm2

Wet, P = 2.84 , A = 8,107.32 mm2

Cost. Wet = _2.84_ x 1000 x 9.8 x 103

IRS = 3443 x 100 = 95%

Bulk Specific Gravity of Asphalt

Bitumen Cont. = 48 x 100 = 6.0%

From Job Mix Formula

Asphalt Content = 5.8% by mass aggregate

Fineness Modulus of Sand

= Sum of % Retained from 3/8” sieve to #100

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473. _______________ is applied on existing bituminous or cement concrete surface e with

d) Minimum testing requirements

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571. The sampling requirement of bituminous mixes is _____.

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