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- Compound leaf: Made up of several leaflets, Leaflets are joined to a midrib that is not woody.

Examples: ash, walnut, sumac


- Simple leaf: Only one leaf blade, Joined by its stalk to the woody stem, Examples: maple, oak,
aspen, beech
- Tree character deciduous: Broad flat leaves, Lose all leaves each year in the fall, Angiosperm
(flowering plants), broadleaf, hardwood
- Examples: oak, maple, beech, aspen, ash
- Leaf character deciduous: Leaf arrangement: whorl, alternate, opposite
Leaf type: simple or compound
Leaf edge: entire (smooth), lobed (projection), toothed (serrated)
Leaf texture: hairy, waxy, rough, smooth, thick, thin, etc.
Leaf shape: various
• Character of cornifer: Needle shaped leaves, Seeds that develop inside cones, Evergreen –
green year round, Gymnosperm, conifer, softwood, Examples: pine, spruce, hemlock, fir
• Character Tree; height 4.5m, dominant single woody stem, capable diameter groeth,
perennial plant
• Character Shrub: height less than 4.5m, multi stemmed, capable diameter groeth, perennial
plant
• Character of ID tree: Bark (color, texture, furrow age, thorns), Twigs (Leaf scars aka buds are
the places where the leaves used to be attached, Size color and shape of buds also useful to
ID trees), Flowers (Shape, color, texture, size), Fruits/Seeds, Cones, Overall shape.
• Common Name: Used in day to day conversation, Usually based on a characteristic or region
of origin, Sometimes named after the person who studied the species, Often confusing
• Scientific Name: Each species is uniquely identified, Made up of two parts, the genus and
species, Groups similar individuals, More accurate

Deciduous Conifer

Leaf arrangement: Needles or


Alternate, opposite, scales
whorl

Leaf type: Needle


Simple, compound attachment:
Single,
clusters

Leaf edge:
Entire, lobed,
toothed
 Cambium: the growing (generative) layer between the xylem and phloem.
 Xylem: principle strengthening and water conducting tissue of the stem, roots, and branches.
 Phloem: inner bark, principal function to distribute manufactured foodstuffs.
 Bark: dead, outer tissue that protects the cambium from the external
 environment and exposure to pathogens and physical injury.
 Vessel: the composite, tube-like structure found in hardwoods from the fusion of cells in a
longitudinal column.
 Fiber: an elongated cell with pointed ends and a thick or infrequently thin wall.
 Rays: ribbon-shaped tissue extending in a radial direction across the grain of the wood.
 The wood cell: holocellulose (alpha & hemi), lignin, numerous extractive (oil, resin, tannin)
 False Ring : cells leading into the false ring will gradually decrease in size and then gradually
increase back to earlywood cells
 tree growth actually begins in the crown and moves downward due to the growth regulator,
auxin.
 Wood is materials used for furniture business: Materials for houses, floor, furniture: chairs,
table, cupboardl etc.
 Teaktona grandis Characteristics: it has oil layer on its heartwood, so that teak wood appears
shiny, Not eaten by termites, Expensive wood.
 Swietenia mahagoni Jacq: Materials used for house building, For furniture. Less expensive
than teak. Characteristics: fibres and pores smooth. Wood redish brown
 Palaquium sp: Mostly used by furniture makers. Smooth fibres, beautiful appearance, almost
like teak wood. Resistant to termites
 Pinus merkusii: The tree can be used as bonsai, for furniture. Many suppliers, easily obtained.
Characteristics: pine wood is light and interesting, smooth fibre. Easily attacked by fungi
 Cedrus libani A.Rich: Origin: Mediterania or Himalaya. Characteristics: conifer, needle shaped
leaves. Wood resistant to cold weather and rainy season. Uses: for making cupboard, shoes,
furniture, humid
 Safect tree cutting: 1. Head Protection., 2. Eye and Face Protection, 3. Hearing Protection, 4.
Protective Chaps or Pants, 5. Protective Footwear, 6. Combination Head Protection
 Important tree: a mature leafy tree produces as much oxygen in a season as 10 people inhale
in a year." Tree absorb carbon dioxide at a rate of 48 lbs./year and release enough oxygen back
into the atmosphere to support 2 human beings
 The Five Elements are at the core of Chinese culture and philosophy. (Metal, wood, fire, water,
earth)
all right, capable, competent, to go, to do, to travel, temporary, to walk, will go, will do
 Invasive exotic: any species, including its seeds, eggs, spores, or other biological material
capable of propagating that species, that is not native to that ecosystem; and whose
introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human
health" should be considered an invasive.
 .

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