1

Review of Related Literature

Maria Fatima Balcita
KNOWLEDGE ON AND ACCEPTABILITY OF ONLINE PHARMACY PRACTICE
AMONG COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS AND
CONSUMERS IN LA UNION
Title of the Research Research Research Variables Salient Findings Recommendati Limitation
study/ Problem Objectives Approach/ Included on for further of the Study
author/ Methods/ Investigation
publisher Design
/year of
publication
1 Consumer’s What are the This paper seeks The Demographic The results showed Comparative Limited
intentions to factors that to identify what questionnaire profile on age, that the significant study only to
shop influences are the main survey method gender, relations exist examining Czech
medicaments Consumer’s determinants of was used. Data income and between consumer’s intention drivers Republic
on-line: A intentions to the consumer’s collected were education intention to shop in Czech respondents
survey from shop intentions to analyzed using medicaments online Republic (or
Czech medicaments shop correlation and and all examined broadly in
Republic on-line medicaments regression variables in Czech Central Europe)
market. online in Czech analysis to Republic. Multiple and in Western
Jan Svorc Republic; This determine the regression analysis countries may
(2010) research significance of of the model has be valuable to
specifically aims the relationship shown that only uncover the
to identify between the perceived risk and different
whether there are respective perceived usefulness patterns
relations variables. are the significant between
between these Demographic predictors for developed
intentions and group’s intention. There are markets in the
perceived differences were no significant West and less
usefulness, analyzed using t- differences among developed
perceived ease of test and analysis the demographic markets in
use, perceived of variance. groups based on age, Central (and
risk, past gender, income and Eastern)
experience, education. Europe.
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consumer trust Researchers

and consumer could also take
social norms. in account other
Second goal is to variables that
identify whether may influence
there are the intentions,
differences in
intentions to buy
medicaments
online among the
main
demographic
groups based on
age, gender,
income and
education in
Czech Republic.
2 Perception This study The objective of A survey Demographic The results of the Studies on This study is
and aims to this study is to questionnaire information current study consumer intended for
Knowledge to identify the assess consisted of 21 i.e. age, indicated behavior consumers
Online advantages consumer’s item gender, that overall, there towards online in Riyadj,
Pharmacy and knowledge and was developed, education were a knowledge pharmacies are Saudi
Services disadvantage perception validated and level, and deficit in limited. There is Arabia only.
among of online towards the use administered to household regards to online a need of The study
Consumers in pharmacy. of online the consumer. income of pharmacy and hence research which does not
Riyadh, Saudi Verify pharmacy This was a cross respondents. purchasing focuses on identify
Arabia: a Pilot Consumers services sectional medicines from various aspects illegal sites
Survey. perception as in the Riyadh survey study online pharmacies of but
Fowad to what region of Saudi which was was not a consumer emphasizes
Khurshid. extent their Arabia. conducted in the common practice in behavior and consumers
American knowledge Riyadh city of this current sample. their attitude the
Journal Of about online Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, towards importance
Pharmacy pharmacy more than two-third buying various of site
of the sample products online. verification.
reported
that they would be
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willing to purchase
medications from
online pharmacies in
future.
It is concluded that
consumers of
Riyadh city are
enthusiastic and
incline to utilize
the online options of
purchasing
medicines.
3 Progress in What are the This study aims Comprehensive The Ryan Haight Several of the The need to
the Challenge different type to identify literature reviews Online Consumer Ryan Haight consider
to Regulate of online legislative laws Protection Act of Online other act’s
Online pharmacy? that concern on 2008 is a much Consumer from other
Pharmacies. What line pharmacy as needed first step Protection Act’s countries for
Jeff Karberg legislative la well as revisions toward meaningful shortcomings review must
(2010) is appropriate if necessary. regulation of online must be be
http://engaged for this pharmacies. The addressed. The considered.
scholarship.cs online DEA regulation must
uohio.edu/jlh pharmacy registration, efforts also be
type? to increase online expanded to
pharmacy include readily
transparency, public available and
notice and often dangerous
balance, serve as lifestyle drugs.
strengths of the Act. Larger
problems, such
as the liability
of drug
manufacturers
and foreign
pharmacies
must also be
addressed .
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4 The Perceived What are the this paper aims In this study, a The Based on the Internet retailers Constraints
Risk And Perceived to target the questionnaire has dimensions research findings, it should consider of this study
Value Based Risk And consumer’s been conducted come forward is seen social include the
Model Of Value Based value and risk to Istanbul as the that consumers risk factors and university
Online Model Of perception as an Commerce emerging expect lower prices reveal the students at
Retailing. Online attempt to University competitive in internet retailing emotion that the Istanbul
Figen Retailing? discuss the students by factors which is justified by consumers Commerce
YILDIRIM overall issue of utilizing quota derived from the current engage in an University
(2012) interest on the sampling. The the literature. In this efficient
ground of online overall literature. study, it is also transactions
shopping expectation is to Cited as time, depicted that there both in terms of
behavior. generate a well speed, and exists no monetary and
defined extended valued‐added relationship between non‐monetary
structural offerings in quality aspects of
equation model terms of perception and shopping. cross‐
which will be products and willingness to buy. cultural studies
checked by PLS services, can also be
path modeling done
systems. (recommended
to be
conducted)
including
Turkey.
5 The extent of What is the The main Survey Method Demographic A total of 633 The popularity This study is
use of online level of objective profile: Age responses. of purchasing limited in
pharmacies in awareness of of this study is to Range Only 23.1% (146) medicines over the area of
Saudi Arabia. the people of explore the were aware of the the Internet is Saudi
(2017) Norah Saudi Arabia extent of use of existence of online still low in Arabia only
Abanmy. in term of online pharmacies Saudi Arabia.
journal online pharmacies in where 2.7% (17) of However,
homepage: pharmacy Saudi Arabia them had bought a because the
www.science categorized which will be medicine over the majority of
direct.com by age range. useful for Internet and 15 respondents are
the scientific (88.2%) respondents willing to
community and out of the 17 was purchase
regulators. satisfied with the medicines
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process. Lack of online, efforts

awareness of the should
availability of such be made by the
services was Saudi FDA to
the main reason for set regulations
not buying and monitor this
medicines online. activity.
Many respondents
(263, 42.7%) were
willing to try an
online pharmacy,
although majorities
(243, 45.9%) were
unable to
differentiate between
legal and illegal
online pharmacies.
The largest
categories of
products respondents
were willing to buy
them online were
nonprescription
medicines and
cosmetics.
6 Web Consumers The objective is The proposed The majority of sites A method is
Vulnerability are to identify the four-step method had serious proposed for the
Study of increasingly level of web first consists of vulnerabilities, with securing of web
Online using online application choosing an the majority of flaws pharmacy sites,
Pharmacy pharmacies, security online testing being cross-site using a multi-
Sites but these vulnerabilities in tool. The next scripting or old phased
Joanne sites may not online steps involve versions of software approach of
Kuzma. provide an pharmacies and choosing a list of that have not been technical and
Uuniversity adequate the common 60 online updated. managerial
of Worcester, level of types of flaws, pharmacy sites techniques
Henwick security with thus expanding to test, and then together with a
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Grove, the on prior studies. running the thorough

worcester, uk consumers‘ Technical, software analysis understanding
J.kuzma@wor personal managerial and to compile a list of national legal
c.ac.uk data. There is legal of flaws. Finally, requirements
a gap in this recommendation an in-depth for securing
research s on how to analysis is systems.
addressing mitigate security performed on the
the problems issues are types of web
of security presented. application
vulnerabilitie vulnerabilities.
s in this
industry.
7 Prescription What are The Project aims Using daily Sixty-four percent of Ignorance and
Drugs Online. those sites to identify online tracking survey. American mistrust of the
2004. the provide pharmacies that All numerical households are online
Susannah consumers offer prescription data was regular consumers of prescription
Fox. 202-296- with drugs. gathered through prescription drugs. drug market
0019 prescription telephone One in four may be
http://www.pe drugs. What interviews American adults has dispelled by
winternet.org/ are their conducted by searched online for further research
ways to Princeton Survey information about and good
handle such Research prescription drugs. experiences.
inquiries. Associates Most Americans do
between May 14 not fully trust the
and June 17, online prescription
2004 drug marketplace.
A fraction of
Americans has ever
bought prescription
drugs online.
Convenience is the
top reason for online
prescription-drug
purchasing.
The typical online
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transaction includes
a doctor’s
prescription, a U.S.-
based pharmacy, and
satisfied customers.
Few respond to
email
advertisements, but
drug spam continues
to pile up.

8 Taking the What This study To uncover This study Customer The need to This study is
Pulse of attributes of identified 19 major service covers satisfaction still consider other limited only
Internet service Internet quality attributes that hinges largely on issues of to its
Pharmacies quality lead pharmacy attributes, This tend to product cost. With Internet selected
Online lo service quality study determine this in mind, smart Pharmacies can attributes
shoppers satisfaction dimensions in examined 10 consumer online pharmacy be added to the with Internet
speak out on and three categories: prominent satisfaction companies will offer study. pharmacy
pharmacy dissatisfactio (1) product cost consumer review and points out customers Considering service
service issues. n and availability, Web ways to competitive other Internet quality
2001-2014. (2) customer sites and improve delivered product Pharmacy sites dimensions
Zhilin Yang. service, and (3) analyzed overall cost, including can also be considering
https://www.r the online consumer service product price, considered only three
esearchgate.n information feedback on their quality in the shipping costs, since they categories.
et/publication/ system. online pharmacy Internet coupons, discounts, encounter some
239524276 purchasing pharmacy free gifts, and other issues not
experiences. arena. implicit and explicit related to issues
expenses. of popular
internet
pharmacy sites.
9 Experiences How do the This study aims 􀂃 Laboratory Experience: The Results show Reason to Buy laboratory
and product type to examine and Experiment (N = PAD Emotion that the online (for oneself setting,
Perceptions in and the identify 82 ) Scale Experience and or another immaturity
E-Pharmacies Reason to Issues for further 􀂃 2 (Product 􀂃 Perception: Perception not only person) seems of the
s- the effect of Buy improvement type: Information depends on the class to be an German
self-buying influence the regarding prescription / processing: of medication important market,
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and Involvement consumers non-prescription coding of moderator and sample

medication of the Experiences and drug) x 2 thought should be
class. 2006. consumer? Perceptions in E- (Reason to protocols address in
Sebastian 􀂃 How do Pharmacies - the BBuy: 􀂃 further research.
Schulz, these factors effect of self- self-buying / Involvement
Gunnar Mau, influence the buying and proxy Scale
Oliver Büttner Experiences medication class. purchasing) 􀂃 Attitude
& Günter and Design towards the
Silberer Perceptions 􀂃 Existing Website six
Institute of in internet item
Marketing EPharmacies pharmacies: likelihood
and Retailing ? MyCare scale
University of 􀂃 Finally, do 􀂃 video-cued 􀂃 Treatment
Göttingen, these factors thought Check. Open
Germany also protocols question
influence (Silberer 2005),
Attitudes questionnaire
towards E-
Pharmacies?
10 On-line What are the This paper Literature This study The efficiencies Regular
pharmacies: role of studies the reviews. This identifies gained from product monitoring of e-
e-strategy and pharmacies impact of online study uses Information supply chain Business
supply chain in the pharmacies and qualitative Supply Chain, changes using e- approaches are
for product and their impact on approach based Online Business approaches needed for the
Pharmaceutic information the supply chains on the content Pharmacy are small and it is improvement of
al products. supply chain for analysis of Business difficult for a pure online
Sathiadev for pharmaceutical existing studies Models, click model to pharmacy
Mahesh, Brett pharmaceutic products. regarding Distribution compete effectively. services.
Landry. 2014. al products Information Network This had resulted in
https://www. and what are Supply Chain, Supply Chain mergers of pure
researchgate.n the impact of Online Pharmacy Improvements click pharmacies
et/publication/ e-Business Business (Disintermedi with brick and
268351417 practices and Models, ation, Channel mortar chains
new Distribution and creating click and
technologies Network Supply Reconfigurati brick strategies that
in altering Chain on) and dominate the current
 9

these supply Improvements Pharmaceutic marketplace. Many

chains? (Disintermediati al Information small purely online
on, Channel and Supply Chain businesses
Reconfiguration) Improvements use unethical models
and that support
Pharmaceutical illegitimate drug use
Information or focus on
Supply Chain temporary global
Improvements. arbitrage
opportunities. There
is however a huge
opportunity for
online pharmacies to
serve as effective
infomediaries in the
information supply
chain for
pharmaceutical
products and alter
the basis of
competition by
disintermediation
inefficient and error
prone steps in this
supply chain,
reconfiguring the
information supply
channels,
personalizing and
versioning the
delivery of
information, gaining
new efficiencies.
11 Clicking to This paper it concludes that
Health? examines the rise individual
A Look at of online importation and
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Online pharmacies and reimportation should

Pharmacies, the issues of not be allowed,
Counterfeit drug except in very
Medicine, and importation, limited
Drug focusing on the circumstances, to
Reimportation problem of continue to
Julia counterfeiting, safeguard consumer
Gerasimchuck and safety.
, (April 2011). reimportation. It
describes the
positive and
negative aspects
of online
consumer drug
purchasing,
overviews
existing
regulation of
importation and
reimportation,
and proposes
possible
solutions to the
problems that
arise.
12 What Does This study This study aims This study uses Several The finding indicate Considering A potential
Your Online addresses the to examine the qualitative variables were that regulated online other trust limitation of
Pharmacy following nature and role approach based included in pharmacies tend to features can this research
Signal? A issues: of website trust on the content this study use improved this is the
Comparative Identify a features as a analysis of categorized in more assessment study. Adding coverage of
Analysis of site property means for existing Fulfillment ( trust features than more variables the sampling
Website Trust that verifies signaling trust pharmaceutical Privacy unregulated pertaining to frame.
Features. their by online websites. Policy, online pharmacies, trust issues. Although
Tamilla trustworthine pharmacies . Security while the usage of we
Mavlanova. ss. This policy Return conventional compiled an
(2010) Investigation is Policy, trust features is the initial list of
 11

aimed at Tracking same across both pharmacies

identifying Information groups. from
observable and HIPAA We hope these different
signals that Privacy findings will help online
online Policy), enable websites, the directories,
pharmacies use Verification logos of it is difficult
to induce trust. Seals, Store electronic merchants to ensure
The results Presence ( such as Google that such a
enhance our Contact Checkout or list is
understanding of information, PayPal have not complete.
trust Live chat, been used by The group
related signals Licensed unregulated of
and help online Pharmacist, pharmacies; this pharmacies
buyers and Availability leads us to believe for content
regulatory of Physical that Google analysis was
institutions in the Store), Health Checkout and randomly
evaluation of Content, PayPal belong to a chosen from
online Product category of hard-to this
pharmacies. Selection obtain sampling
assessment frame.
verification seals.
13 A Cross The objective of The data in the Demographic A total of The need to Only
Sectional the current study present study was profile: 567 respondents consider residents of
Study On was to elucidate obtained from the gender completed our educating the Riyadh with
Awareness the awareness and self-administered questionnaire. Most respondents on an age
And acceptability of electronic of the respondents of online between 18
Acceptability online pharmacy questionnaire- the study, women pharmacy can to 65 years
Of Online services by based survey. (81%) and men be included in and have
Pharmacy internet users of (77%), agreed that further studies. internet
Services Riyadh, Saudi they shop online for access were
Among Arabia. goods other than included in
drugs. the study.
Internet Users
Of Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia.
Syed
Mohammed
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Basheeruddin
Asdaq. (2016)
14 A Review on What is To know more This study uses Though e-pharmacy
Online online about online qualitative is more liable than
Pharmacy pharmacy. pharmacy, its approach based local pharmacy
G.Prashanti, What are its advantages and on the content especially in remote
S.Sravani, advantages disadvantages, analysis of areas, it should be
Saleha and differences existing Online aimed to establish
Noorie. 2017. Disadvantage between online Pharmacies. rules and regulation
IOSR Journal s. What are and local . like upload of
of Pharmacy the pharmacy, and scanned
and differences certain measures prescriptions.
Biological between to avoid misuse Patients should be
Sciences online and of e-pharmacy. aware on use of
(IOSR-JPBS) local prescription
e-ISSN:2278- pharmacy, medications. It
3008, p- and what are would be good to
ISSN:2319- the certain adopt the plans and
7676. Volume measures to programmes of
12, Issue 3 avoid misuse leading countries to
Ver. IV of e- design and develop
pharmacy. the e-pharmacy
system.
15 Cybermedicin This study will This study uses Cybermedicine can When using
e: The attempt to define qualitative offer enormous pharmacy only
Benefits and and explain the approach. benefits to sites, try to use
Risks of tremendous . consumers. But there familiar,
Purchasing growth of online are still substantial reputable
Drugs Over pharmacies. risks. In buying pharmacies. On
The Internet. Next it will prescriptions online, the way to
David Mills. examine pending consumers will be accomplish that
Journal of legislation and well advised to is to look for
Technology current cases adhere to some basic the VIPPS™
Law & relating to the advice. First, as this sign on the web
Policy. 2000 sale of comment makes site. This will
medication clear, be extremely ensure that the
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online. Finally cautious when site is a high

this study will visiting online drug quality
examine the shops. operation that
risks and Unless shopping for has undergone
benefits of drugs which are rigorous
ordering unapproved or certification.
medications unavailable in the Also, compare
online, and U.S., buying drugs prices of several
what consumers from these different
should do to sites may do more spharmacies
protect harm than good. before making a
themselves as Second, the legal purchase and
well as comply status of many inquire about
with the Jaw. prescribing based delivery and
sites is still uncertain shipping
and may vary from charges.
state to state. Finally, inquire
Therefore, it may about the
not be a great idea to opportunity to
use these sites as a consult online
way of purchasing with the
medicine from a new pharmacist. If
doctor that has not there is no
first performed a available
proper physical contact with a
examination. pharmacist, or
Instead, perhaps the no cost savings,
best use of these or if it takes a
sites may be either week to get the
to get refills of medication,
prescriptions or to then it might be
get personal medical worth it to stick
advice. with the
traditional
mortar and
brick pharmacy.
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16 Igor Gorlach, What are the This paper Comprehensive In the efforts to Considering This study
"The risks and follows the rise literature review mitigate the growth other laws can includes
Evolving benefits of of the Internet of rogue Internet provide better only laws
Regulation of online drug sale pharmacies, each understanding from the
Internet pharmacy? industry and the actor—states, on other issues current state.
Pharmacies" What are the response to the federal agencies, related to online International
(April 2012). ways to trend by private pharmacy laws are not
http://nrs.harv strengthen regulators, intermediaries, and discussed.
ard.edu/urn- online policymakers, trade
3:HUL.InstRe pharmacy and private organizations—has
pos:11940234 laws? companies. After proven effective in
discussing the its realm, but
existing laws and inadequate to stop
their the overall trend. As
enforcement to policymakers and
police rogue private companies
Internet continue to develop
pharmacies, the solutions to the
paper outlines in Internet-based illegal
detail the 2008 drug sales,
Ryan Haight Act innovation and
and its effect. cooperation hold
Finally, the promise for success.
paper analyzes
two of the
ongoing efforts
to tighten the
regulation of
Internet
pharmacies
further.
17 Consulting It raises the The article Quantitative The research has Further research
Services - an question how summarizes research through shown that e- will be oriented
Important Part to create and current views on an online pharmacy clients on some
of Providing enhance the forms of interview. find possibilities of
Customer value for intangible very important not improvement
 15

Value customers in benefits as only the basic consultancy via

in E- e-commerce part of customer attributes of the cooperation
commerce in general value, including offer, such as price, among
with and interactions with delivery method, pharmacists in
Pharmaceutic how in e- customers and payment brick and
al Products: commerce consulting. method, delivery mortar
Customer with OTC speed and the pharmacies,
Perspective. medications amount of postage, operators of
HANA and but also various online
LOSTAKOV supplements forms of consulting pharmacies,
A, in order to services in the doctors and
MARKETA increase not form of a more producers of
CURDOVA, only their detailed description pharmaceutical
ZUZANA satisfaction, of the products products.
PECINOVA. but also their on the Web, expert
(2010) retention and online consulting,
loyalty and clients'
strengthen references about
relationships their experience with
with the e-shop
customers. and references about
their experience with
the use
and effects of
products, but also
the possibility of
asking questions via
the contacts listed on
the Web
(e-mail, phone) and
their answering by
professionals.
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18 Evaluation Of What are the To determine A standardized, Demographic One-third of those Further research This study
Risk factors that potential 49 question Profile: surveyed had should be only
Perception influence predictors that survey via phone gender purchased from an explored to identifies
Associated consumer’s encourage use of was conducted by online pharmacy for determine the the
With Online decisions to online a contract survey themselves or for impact of these relationship
Pharmacy purchase pharmacies research firm to someone under their characteristics of gender as
Use. from online despite perceived collect data from care. Females and on risk perceived
John Hertig pharmacies? risks. 500 Indiana males over the age of perception. about online
PharmD, MS, consumers 55 were most likely pharmacy
Chelsea regarding online to have purchased use.
Anderson pharmacy use, from an online
PharmD, perception of risk pharmacy and those
MBA, BCPS. with online with the lowest
(2015) pharmacy use, household income
and relevant were most likely to
demographic accept perceived high
information. risk associated with
online pharmacy use.
Finally, of those who
purchased from an
online pharmacy,
over half received a
referral from either a
physician, nurse,
and/or pharmacist.