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Antes você pode esquematizar uma parede para armar, você precisa saber como typical wood-
frame walls are constructed. All walls have a bottom or soleplate, a top plate (doubled in
bearing walls), and vertical supports called studs. There are three kinds of studs: king studs,
jack (or trimmer) studs, and cripple studs. King studs run from the soleplate all the way to the
top plate. Jack studs run from the soleplate up alongside a rough opening to the underside of its
header. Cripple studs can run from either the soleplate to the underside of a rough opening's sill
or from the top of the opening's header to the top plate (Fig. 1).
Most load-bearing walls are framed with 2x4s or 2x6s, depending on structural or insulation
demands. A 2x6 wall is proportionately stronger; although each stud costs more than a
comparable 2x4, the overall cost is only marginally different because fewer 2x6s are needed.
(Building codes usually allow them to be placed 24 inches on center, while 2x4s must be
spaced every 16 inches on center.) Wider studs also allow more space for insulation. A 2x4 wall
can accommodate a 3-1/2-inch-thick batt of fiberglass insulation, while a 2x6 wall accepts batts
up to 5-1/2 inches. Federal guidelines call for higher insulation values in exterior walls; this is
one of the easiest ways to attain it. For any other framing jobs you may tackle, such as sheds,
dormers, and garages, 2x4 studs are recommended; they are the most economical.
Below are guidelines on how to frame an exterior wall. Keep in mind that this is only an
overview; there are many details involved in a framing project, and procedures will vary with
floor plan, local codes, etc. Study framing techniques, and contact your local building
department before you begin.
Project Basics
Fig. 1
Project: Difficult
Estimated Project Time: Varies with scope of project
Study framing techniques and contact
Start Tips: your local building department before
starting.
Wear hearing protectors, gloves, and
safety goggles when cutting lumber.
Safety Tips:
Also wear a dust mask, especially
when cutting pressure-treated lumber.
Recommendation: Do-it-Yourself
Instructions
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
3) Nail First Top Plate to Studs
When the soleplate is nailed on, shift to the top of the
wall, and follow the same procedure to nail on one of
the top plates. (Fig. 4)
Fig. 4
5) Check Alignment
Check the frame alignment by comparing diagonal
measurements. If the wall is square, the diagonals
should be equal. (Fig. 5)
Fig. 5
6) Position the Wall
Before erecting any wall, snap a chalk line along the
subfloor to establish a reference guide for positioning
the inside edge of the wall's bottom plate, and nail
cleats to the rim joist.
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 10 There are many styles of corners. DIYers may want to build the
most substantial, a stud-and-block corner that provides
maximum support and nailing surfaces (Fig. 10).
Using three studs without blocking is almost as good (Fig. 11).
Fig. 11
Assemble corner posts and add them to the corners between the
walls you erected.
Fig. 12
Fig. 13