Ex No:

Flow simulation through converging-diverging nozzle

Date:
Aim:

To simulate flow through convergent and divergent nozzle by using Ansys

Fluent software

Software Required:

 Catia
 Ansys Fluent

Introduction:

C-D Nozzle:

Converging-diverging nozzle

Nozzle is the non rotating component of the jet engine. In quasi - one dimensional
flow for this converging diverging nozzle, we expect that the Mach number at the
inlet will be subsonic and accelerating until at the minimum nozzle area (the
throat) the flow becomes sonic with M = 1. At that point, we expect that since the
nozzle starts to diverge the flow will continue accelerating until at the exit, the
flow continues as supersonic.
Procedure:
I. Preprocessing
Step1: Creation of Geometry
In this step the coordinates of the c-d nozzle geometry is imported into ansys
workbench and model is created.
Step 2: Mesh

In this step the flow field is defined and discretized into small elements known as
mesh. And step element size and element edge length and type of element suitable
for this problem is assigned.

Step3: Physical setup

In this step the boundary condition such as velocity inlet, velocity outlet, wall and
symmetry are assigned.

II. Solution

Step4: Numerical solution

In this step assigning of flow conditions such as flow velocity, pressure and
switching flow equations are done. And flow equations like continuity, momentum
and energy equation are solved in the flow field, for the given flow condition and
results are generated.

III. Post Processing

Step 5: Numerical results

In this step results generated are interpreted. And the contours of flow parameters
such as pressure contour and velocity contour are obtained.

Result:

Thus the flow through the convergent and divergent nozzle is simulated and
contours of flow parameters are obtained by using Ansys fluent.
Ex No:
Simulation of flow through an axial flow compressor blade
passage
Date:
Aim:

To simulate flow through an axial flow compressor blade passage using Ansys
Fluent software

Software Required:

 Catia
 Ansys Fluent

Introduction:

Axial flow compressor:

Axial flow compressor

Axial flow compressor is the rotating part of the turbojet engine and it is used to
compress the air which is drawn from atmosphere. It consists of several stages of
combination of rotor blade and stator blade. Compressor blades reduce the velocity
of the incoming air and thereby increase the pressure. The air coming out of the
compressor gains the pressure and temperature which is suitable for combustion
purpose. The blades used in the compressor are in the shape of airfoil.
Procedure:
I. Preprocessing
Step1: Creation of Geometry
In this step the coordinates of the airfoil used in the cross section of the
compressor blade is imported in Catia and the compressor bade row model is
created.

Step 2: Mesh

In this step compressor blade model is imported into the ansys workbench
and control volume is created around the model inside which flow is to be
simulated. Now the flow field is discretized into small elements known as mesh.
And element size and element edge length and type of element suitable for this
problem is assigned.

Step3: Physical setup

In this step the boundary condition such as velocity inlet, velocity outlet, wall
and symmetry are assigned.

II. Solution

Step4: Numerical solution

In this step assigning flow conditions such as flow velocity, pressure and
density are assigned. And flow equations like continuity, momentum and energy
equation are solved for the given flow condition and result is generated.

III. Post Processing

Step 5: Numerical results

In this step results generated are interpreted. And contours of flow

parameters such as pressure contour and velocity contour are obtained.
Result:

Thus the flow over an axial flow compressor bade passage is simulated and
the contours of flow parameters are obtained by using Ansys fluent.
Ex No:
Simulation of supersonic flow over a wing of biconvex cross
section.
Date:
Aim:

To simulate supersonic flow over the wing of biconvex cross section by using
ansys fluent software.

Software Required:

 Catia
 Ansys Fluent

Introduction:

Aircraft wing:

Aircraft biconvex wing

An aircraft wing is the primary lifting surface of the aircraft which generates entire
lift of the aircraft. Wings of different configuration like tapered wing, straight wing
and swept back wings are used. Wings of different profile are used in aircrafts
depending upon the purpose of the aircraft and speed of the aircraft. Wing of
biconvex profile is used in supersonic aircraft in order to decrease drag in
supersonic flow.
Procedure:
I. Preprocessing
Step1: Creation of Geometry
In this step the coordinates of the airfoil used in the cross section of the
aircraft wing is imported in Catia and the aircraft wing model is created.

Step 2: Mesh

In this step aircraft wing model is imported into the ansys workbench and control
volume is created around the model inside which flow is to be simulated. Now the
flow field is discretized into small elements known as mesh. And element size and
element edge length and type of element suitable for this problem is assigned.

Step3: Physical setup

In this step the boundary condition such as velocity inlet, velocity outlet, wall and
symmetry are assigned.

II. Solution

Step4: Numerical solution

In this step assigning flow conditions such as flow velocity, pressure and density
are assigned. And flow equations like continuity, momentum and energy equation
are solved for the given flow condition and result is generated.

III. Post Processing

Step 5: Numerical results

In this step results generated are interpreted. And contours of flow parameters such
as pressure contour and velocity contour are obtained.
Result:

Thus the supersonic flow over an aircraft wing of biconvex cross section is
simulated and the contours of flow parameters are obtained by using Ansys fluent.
Ex No:
Hot flow simulation through an axial flow turbine blade
passage.
Date:
Aim:

To simulate hot flow through an axial flow turbine blade passage by using
Ansys Fluent software

Software Required:

 Catia
 Ansys Fluent

Introduction:

Axial flow turbines:

Axial flow turbine

Axial flow turbine is the rotating part of the turbojet engine. The combustion gases
coming out of the combustion chamber is allowed to expand through axial flow
turbine. It extracts energy from hot combustion gases and uses it to drive
compressor. It has rotor and stator blade row which together constitute a stage. The
Blades used in the compressor are in the shape of airfoil.
Procedure:
IV. Preprocessing
Step1: Creation of Geometry
In this step the coordinates of the airfoil used in the cross section of the
turbine blade is imported in Catia and the turbine blade row model is created.

Step 2: Mesh

In this step compressor blade model is imported into the ansys workbench
and control volume is created around the model inside which flow is to be
simulated. And element size and element edge length and type of element suitable
for this problem is assigned. Now the flow field is discretized into small elements
known as mesh.

Step3: Physical setup

In this step the boundary condition such as velocity inlet, velocity outlet, wall
and symmetry are assigned.

V. Solution

Step4: Numerical solution

In this step assigning flow conditions such as flow velocity, pressure and density
are assigned. And flow equations like continuity, momentum and energy equation
are solved for the given flow condition and result is generated.

VI. Post Processing

Step 5: Numerical results

In this step results generated are interpreted. And contours of flow parameters such
as pressure contour and velocity contour are obtained.

.
Result:

Thus the flow through an axial flow turbine bade passage is simulated and
the contours of flow parameters are obtained by using Ansys fluent.
Ex No:
Simulation of flow through subsonic and supersonic diffusers.
Date:
Aim:

To simulate flow through subsonic and supersonic diffusers by using Ansys

Fluent software

Software Required:

 Catia
 Ansys Fluent

Introduction:

Subsonic and supersonic diffuser:

Subsonic diffuser

Diffuser is the non rotating component of the turbojet engine and it is used to
compress the air by its convergent section, which is drawn from atmosphere. It
reduces velocity of the incoming air thereby increases pressure. This effect is
known s ‘ram effect’.
Procedure:
I. Preprocessing
Step1: Creation of Geometry
In this step the coordinates of the supersonic and subsonic diffusers are
imported into Catia and the subsonic and supersonic diffuser model is created.

Step 2: Mesh

In this step subsonic and supersonic diffuser model is imported into the ansys
workbench. And element size, element edge length and type of element suitable for
this problem are assigned. Now the flow field is discretized into small elements
known as mesh.

Step3: Physical setup

In this step the boundary condition such as velocity inlet, velocity outlet, wall and
symmetry are assigned.

II. Solution

Step4: Numerical solution

In this step assigning flow conditions such as flow velocity, pressure and density
are assigned. And flow equations like continuity, momentum and energy equation
are solved for the given flow condition and result is generated.

III. Post Processing

Step 5: Numerical results

In this step results generated are interpreted. And contours of flow parameters such
as pressure contour and velocity contour are obtained.

Result:

Thus the flow through the subsonic and supersonic diffusers is simulated and
contours of flow parameters are obtained by using Ansys fluent.
Ex No:
Structural analysis of aircraft landing gear
Date:
Aim:

To conduct structural analysis of aircraft landing gear by using Ansys

workbench software.

Software Required:

 Catia
 Ansys Workbench

Introduction:

Aircraft landing gear:

Aircraft landing gear

Aircraft landing gear supports the entire weight of an aircraft during landing and
ground operations. They are attached to the primary structural members of the
aircraft. For snow it will be skis type. For water it may of pontoon type. For ground
and water an amphibious aircraft with retractable wheels.
Procedure:
I. Preprocessing
Step1: Creation of Geometry
In this step aircraft landing gear is modeled as per the dimensions given by
using modeling package.

Step 2: Mesh

In this step aircraft landing gear model is imported into the ansys workbench. And
element size, element edge length and type of element suitable for this problem is
assigned. Now landing gear model is discretized into small elements known as
mesh.

Step3: Structural setup:

In this step type of support such as fixed support or hinged support, and structural
loads acting on the model is assigned.

II. Solution

Step4: Numerical solution

In this step structural equations like Hooke’s law, equilibrium equations are solved
and results (displacement, stress and strain) are generated.

III. Post Processing

Step 5: Numerical results

In this step results generated are interpreted. And contours of structural parameters
such as displacement and stress are obtained. Finally results are listed out.
Result:

Thus the structural analysis of aircraft landing gear is simulated and contours
of structural parameters are obtained by using Ansys workbench.
Ex No:
Structural analysis of aircraft fuselage structure
Date:
Aim:

To conduct structural analysis of aircraft fuselage structure by using Ansys

workbench software.

Software Required:

 Catia
 Ansys Workbench

Introduction:

Aircraft fuselage:

Aircraft fuselage

Aircraft fuselage is the min part of the aircraft provides space for passengers, crew
members and cargo. It is the cylindrical structure and consists of structural
members like bulkheads, longerons. There are two types of fuselage construction
monocoque structure and semi monocoque structure. Wings re attached to the
fuselage so it must be strong enough to withstand heavy loads.
Procedure:
IV. Preprocessing
Step1: Creation of Geometry
In this step aircraft fuselage structure is modeled as per the dimensions given
by using modeling package.

Step 2: Mesh

In this step aircraft fuselage model is imported into the ansys workbench. And
element size, element edge length and type of element suitable for this problem is
assigned. Now fuselage model is discretized into small elements known as mesh.

Step3: Structural setup:

In this step type of support such as fixed support or hinged support, and structural
loads acting on the model is assigned.

V. Solution

Step4: Numerical solution

In this step structural equation related to the given problem is solved and results
(displacement, stress and strain) are generated.

VI. Post Processing

Step 5: Numerical results

In this step results generated are interpreted. And contours of structural parameters
such as displacement contour and stress contour are obtained.
Result:

Thus the structural analysis of fuselage is simulated and contours of

structural parameters are obtained by using Ansys workbench.
Ex No:
Structural analysis of aircraft tapered wing
Date:
Aim:

To conduct structural analysis of aircraft wing by using Ansys workbench

software.

Software Required:

 Catia
 Ansys Workbench

Introduction:

Aircraft wing:

Aircraft wing

Wings are important parts of the aircraft which generates entire lift of the aircraft.
Its cross section is in the shape of airfoil. It consists of main structural components
like ribs, spars and stiffeners. It is also used to store fuel for the aircraft. Engines
are suspended under wing. Different wing configuration is there out of which
tapered and swept back wings are used in nowadays aircrafts. Delta wings are used
in fighter aircrafts due to high speed range of operation.
Procedure:
I. Preprocessing
Step1: Creation of Geometry
In this step aircraft landing gear is modeled as per the dimensions given by
using modeling package.

Step 2: Mesh

In this step aircraft landing gear model is imported into the ansys workbench. And
element size and element edge length and type of element suitable for this problem
is assigned. Now landing gear model is discretized into small elements known as
mesh.

Step3: Structural setup:

In this step type of support such as fixed support or hinged support, structural loads
acting on the model and material properties like young’s modulus and poison’s
ratio are assigned.

II. Solution

Step4: Numerical solution

In this step structural equation related to the given problem is solved and results
(displacement, stress and strain) are generated.

III. Post Processing

Step 5: Numerical results

In this step results generated are interpreted. And contours of structural parameters
such as displacement, stress and strain are obtained. Finally results are listed out.
Result:

Thus the structural analysis of aircraft landing gear is simulated and contours
of structural parameters are obtained by using Ansys workbench.
Ex No:
Structural analysis of laminated composite structure.
Date:
Aim:

To conduct structural analysis of laminated composite structure by using Ansys

software.

Software Required:

 Catia
 Ansys workbench

Introduction:

Composite materials

Fiber matrix

Laminated composite structure

A composite is a structural material that consists of two or more combined

constituents that are combined at a macroscopic level and are not soluble in each
other. One constituent is called the reinforcing phase and the one in which it is
embedded is called the matrix. The reinforcing phase material may be in the form
of fibers, particles, or flakes. The matrix phase materials are generally continuous.
Examples of composite systems include concrete reinforced with steel and epoxy
reinforced with graphite fibers, etc. Aircraft components such as engine cowl,
brake, stabilizers, and space shuttle nose cone are made up of composite materials.
Procedure:
I. Preprocessing
Step1: Creation of Geometry
In this step the laminated composite of three laminae is modeled with given
dimensions in Ansys design modeler.

Step 2: Mesh
The model of laminated composite is imported into ansys static structural. And
element size and element edge length and type of element suitable for this problem
is assigned. Now the model of laminated composite structure is discretized into
small elements of quadrilateral shape.

Step3: Structural setup

In this step the boundary condition of given structural problem such as fixed
support, material properties like young’s modulus and poison’s ratio are assigned.

II. Solution

Step4: Numerical solution

In this step mechanical loads applied on the given structure are assigned. And
structural equations are solved and required results are generated

III. Post Processing

Step 5: Numerical results

Results obtained are interpreted. And the contours of structural parameters such as
displacement, stress, and strain are obtained. Finally results are listed out.
Result:

Thus the structural analysis of laminated composite structure was carried out
by using ansys software. And the contours of structural parameters like
displacement, stress and strain are obtained.
Ex No:
Thermo structural analysis of laminated composite structure.
Date:
Aim:

To conduct thermal and structural analysis of laminated composite structure by

using Ansys software.

Software Required:

 Catia
 Ansys workbench

Introduction:

Composite materials

Fiber matrix

Laminated composite structure

A composite is a structural material that consists of two or more combined

constituents that are combined at a macroscopic level and are not soluble in each
other. One constituent is called the reinforcing phase and the one in which it is
embedded is called the matrix. The reinforcing phase material may be in the form
of fibers, particles, or flakes. The matrix phase materials are generally continuous.
Examples of composite systems include concrete reinforced with steel and epoxy
reinforced with graphite fibers, etc. Aircraft components such as engine cowl,
brake, stabilizers, and space shuttle nose cone are made up of composite materials.
Procedure:
I. Preprocessing
Step1: Creation of Geometry
In this step the laminated composite of three laminae is modeled with given
dimensions in Ansys design modeler.

Step 2: Mesh
The model of laminated composite is imported into ansys static structural. And
element size and element edge length and type of element suitable for this problem
is assigned. Now the model of laminated composite structure is discretized into
small elements of quadrilateral shape.

Step3: Structural setup

In this step the boundary condition of given structural problem such as fixed
support, material properties like young’s modulus and poison’s ratio are assigned.

II. Solution

Step4: Numerical solution

In this step mechanical loads and surface temperature are applied on the given
structure are assigned. And structural equations are solved and required results are
generated

III. Post Processing

Step 5: Numerical results

Results obtained are interpreted. And the contours of structural parameters such as
displacement, thermal stress, temperature and strain are obtained. Finally results
are listed out.
Result:

Thus the thermal and structural analysis of laminated composite structure

was carried out by using ansys software. And the contours of structural parameters
like displacement, stress and strain are obtained.