Aztecs D8u8

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Aztecs
Aztecs
Name __________________________
Date __________________________
Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress

Aztecs
Who were the Aztecs?
The Aztecs were Native Americans who ruled most of what we now call
Mexico. The Aztec Empire covered the area from central Mexico east to the Gulf
of Mexico and south to Guatemala.
The Aztecs built great cities. Their capital city, Tenochtitlán (ten-och-tee-
TLAN), was very elaborate. It was built on islands and marshland and is buried
under what we know today as Mexico City.
Tenochtitlán was settled in 1325. The legend says that the Aztecs traveled south until they
saw a sign sent from their sun god. This sign - an eagle on top of a prickly pear cactus eating a
snake - told them where to settle. Tenochtitlán means “Place of the Prickly Pear.”
Fill in the missing words. Write them on the line.

Read the paragraphs above for the answers.
1. Aztecs were Native _____________________.
2. The Aztecs built great _____________________.
3. Tenochtitlan was settled in _______________________.
4. Tenochtitlan means “Place of the ______________ Pear.”
5. ____________________ was built on islands and marshland and

is buried under what we know today as Mexico City.
Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 1

Aztecs
Aztec refers not only to the people of the Aztec Empire, but also to Nahuatl
(NAH-wahtl)-speaking ethnic groups who lived in Mexico at the time of the
Spanish conquest. Today, many Mexicans are descended from the Aztec. More
than one million Mexicans speak Nahuatl as their primary language.
Most of what we know about the Aztecs comes from glyphs. Glyphs are pictures painted
on bark or deerskin. A group of glyphs is called a codex. People who study history use
codices (more than one codex) to show them what life was like for the Aztecs.
Look up the words below in the dictionary.

Write the definitions on the lines.
1. glyph __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. codex __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. descendant ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
4. conquest ________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Aztecs
What was Tenochtitlán Like?
The Aztecs’ capital city was surrounded by water. It could be reached from the
mainland only by one of its three causeways. There were canals throughout the
city for canoes and flatbed barges carrying goods and people.
At the center of the city was a plaza. Paved in stone, the plaza was home
to government buildings and the ruler’s palace. There was a large, terraced
pyramid with two stone temples. The temples were dedicated to the two
most important Aztec gods – the sun god and the rain god.
Draw a picture of what you think an Aztec city looked like in 1325.

Aztecs
How the Aztec Empire grew.
The Aztecs were descendants of the Mexica, a hunter-gatherer people.

They were forced to take refuge on two islands near Lake Texcoco. The
Mexica began farming in the area. They built Tenochtitlán in 1325 and
their population continued growing.
As they grew, the Mexica of Tenochtitlán formed alliances with two city-states in the area
Texcoco and Tlacopan. They established military and civil organizations and conquered other
states and groups. Tenochtitlán became the dominant power.
This Aztec Empire was very structured. It was based on agriculture and religion. Every part
of Aztec life was connected to the gods they worshiped. These gods had different powers.
They were worshiped for different purposes.
The organization of Aztec society was based on classes. The earliest social classes
were groups of families who were descended from a common ancestor. These groups
were called calpulli. Each calpulli had a council and officers and regulated itself. The
land was divided among the families based on each family’s needs.
As time went on, the calpulli was no longer organized by family relationships. The new
calpulli was based on political divisions around the city. Each calpulli had its own governing
council, school, temple and land but the members were not relatives. The number of calpulli
grew from fifteen in 1325 to about eighty in the 16th century.
Read each sentence below. Circle true or false.
1. The Aztecs were descendants of the Mexica.
! ! true! ! false
2. The Mexica were a hunter-gathering people.
! ! true! ! false
3. The Aztecs built Tenochititlan in 1335.
! ! true! ! false

Aztecs
In Aztec cities the best leaders of each calpulli formed a tribal council with
four chief officials. One of the four was selected tlatoani, the ruler.
The tlatoani of Tenochtitlán was treated like a god. He was a priest as well as
the leader of the military. His title was huey tlatoani which meant Great Speaker.
Below the Great Speaker were the royal family and nobles. These were the
landowners and governing body. The royals and nobles had rules about how they
dressed and what kind of house they could live in. There were even rules about
what food they could eat.
Priests had a high ranking because religion was so important to Aztec life.
Brave warriors also held high positions, too. Most Aztecs were commoners.
Commoners were the merchants, craftspeople, farmers, laborers and soldiers. At the bottom of
Aztec society were slaves.
The rulers and nobles owned land and had private estates. Commoners were assigned land
by calpulli and paid the empire with what they grew on the land.
Read more about Aztecs in the library, or at your home, or on the Internet
and write about them on the lines below. Thank you.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

Aztecs
Every Aztec man had to serve in the military. The empire could draft commoners to work
on projects to build temples, aqueducts and roads.
Nobles could wear fancy jewels and capes, but they had to take them off around
their rulers. Commoners’ clothes were very simple. They were made of
fibers from palms and coarse cactus.
The Aztecs treated their leader, the Great Speaker, like one of their gods.
They carried him on a stretcher and wherever he walked the ground would be swept
before he stepped on it. It was even forbidden for anyone to look him in the eye!
Doing well in the military was a way for commoners to gain higher status. Eagle
warriors dressed in bright feathers and used chanting to scare their enemies. Jaguar
warriors were skilled at spying and scouting out the enemies. Every soldier hoped
he would be able to enter one of these elite fighting forces.
Draw pictures of what you think a Noble and an Eagle Warrior looked like.
Noble Eagle Warrior

Aztecs
The Aztec Calendars

A farming people, the Aztecs had to keep close track of time. This
was why they had two calendars. One was a solar calendar. The
other was a sacred calendar.
The solar calendar was 365 days long, like our own. It was based on Earth’s yearly trip
around the sun. The Aztecs used it to tell them when to plant and harvest their crops.
The sacred calendar was 260 days long. It had two wheels. One had numbers and the other
names of animals and things. This calendar helped priests determine the lucky days.
What do you think?

Look up more information about the Aztec calendars. Write about them on the lines below
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

Aztecs
Aztec Festivals
Aztec nobles often had festivals and banquets to celebrate happy times. These could be for
big events like welcoming a new ruler or men back from war. It
could also be for a marriage or the birth of a baby.
The Aztecs also played sports. One of these was played with a
ball made of tree sap. The players tried to knock it into a hoop on a ball court. Does this
remind you of any sport played today?
Spanish Conquest
In 1519, the Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés came to Tenochtitlán. Cortés wanted gold,
both for his own riches and for Spain. He brought 500 Spaniards with him, determined to
conquer the Aztec Empire and claim it for the King of Spain. The Aztecs were shocked by
Cortés’ huge ships, calling them “mountain built on the water.” Even more shocking were the
Spaniards on horses. The Aztecs had no horses and thought they were huge dogs!
Aztec legend tells us that before Cortés arrived, Montezuma had seen a
comet in the sky. To the Aztec ruler this meant disaster was on its way. When
Cortés arrived, Montezuma allowed him into the city to learn more about him
and his intentions.
Fit each of the words below into a word shape puzzle.
nobles! ! festival! gold!! horses! ! hoop!! ship

Aztecs
Cortés had formed alliances with the Tiaxcalans, rivals of the Aztecs. Still, the huge
population of Tenochtitlán outnumbered the Spaniards. Afraid of what Montezuma might
order his warriors to do, Cortés took the Aztec ruler hostage.
The Spaniards melted down much of the Aztecs’ gold to ship to Spain.
They also forced Montezuma to pledge his allegiance to the King of
Spain. For about six months the Spaniards stayed in Tenochtitlán with no
opposition from the Aztecs.
When Cortés’ was away a Spanish officer named Pedro de Alvarado

killed two hundred Aztec nobles at a religious ceremony. When Cortés returned the Aztecs
fought back, trying to force out the Spanish invaders.
When Aztec warriors tore out bridges, most of the Spaniards were forced
into the canals of Tenochtitlán where they drowned. They were weighed down
by stolen gold. Montezuma was killed during this revolt.
The fighting continued, but the Aztecs’ crude weapons were useless against
the Spaniards’ guns and cannons. The last Aztec ruler, Cuauhtémoc,
surrendered in 1521. Tenochtitlán was in ruins, bringing to an end the great Aztec Empire.
Draw a design using the word Aztec.

Aztecs
What the Aztecs left for the future.

The turkey was brought to Europe
by the Spanish in 1519. The Aztecs called
the bird uexotl. By the time the bird found
its way to British dinner tables it was
renamed turkey. Apparently it reminded
the British of a bird from the country
of Turkey.

A favorite drink of rich Aztecs was xocatl.

This bitter tasting treat was made from the

cacao bean. This is where our word

chocolate comes from. Montezuma served

it to Cortés in 1519 and Cortés took it back

to Spain. His cook sweetened it with

cinnamon and vanilla and served it hot –

Hot Chocolate!

It is possible that today’s game of
basketball originated from the Aztecs’
game of tlachtli (TLACH-tlee)
where players tried to knock a
hard rubber ball into a hoop
in the middle of the court.

Match and Learn

Draw a line to the two words that mean the same.
xocatl

turkey
uexotl

game
tlachtli

chocolate

Aztecs
Spelling
Print the correct spelling word on the line.
1. eagle _______________________
ealge
eagal
2. tepmle _______________________
temple
tempal
3. cannal _______________________
canil
canal
4. solar _______________________
soler
soular
5. nobul _______________________
noble
nobel
6. ruller _______________________
rular
ruler

Aztecs
Word Unscramble
Unscramble each word. Print the word on the line.
1. glende _______________
2. rrawiro _______________
3. preemi _______________
4. cdresa _______________
5. dglo _______________
6. loray _______________

Aztecs
Word Find
Find and circle these words.
They run down, across, and diagonally.
pyramid crops bean nomadic nobility tortillas

calendar
ruler
terraces
maize

marshes
shield

Aztecs
Criss Cross
Can you fit these words into the criss cross?
Use a pencil so you can erase if you need to.
pyramid art maize marshes

water crops calendar terraces

Aztecs
Answers
Page 11. eagle, temple, canal, solar, noble, ruler
Page 12 - legend, warrior, empire, sacred, gold
Page 13-
Page 14 --
Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress.

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Dear Educator,

Sylvia & Pat

• “Supplemental” books, videos, and crafts can be incorporated with each

Many more eWorkbooks can be found here.

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress

Fill in the missing words. Write them on the line.

1. Aztecs were Native _____________________.

2. The Aztecs built great _____________________.

3. Tenochtitlan was settled in _______________________.

4. Tenochtitlan means “Place of the ______________ Pear.”

5. ____________________ was built on islands and marshland and

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 1

Look up the words below in the dictionary.

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 2

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 3

The Aztecs were descendants of the Mexica, a hunter-gatherer people.

Read each sentence below. Circle true or false.

1. The Aztecs were descendants of the Mexica.

2. The Mexica were a hunter-gathering people.

3. The Aztecs built Tenochititlan in 1335.

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 4

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 5

Noble Eagle Warrior

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 6

What do you think?

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 7

Fit each of the words below into a word shape puzzle.

nobles! ! festival! gold!! horses! ! hoop!! ship

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 8

When Cortés’ was away a Spanish officer named Pedro de Alvarado

Draw a design using the word Aztec.

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 9

Match and Learn

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 10

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 11

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 12

pyramid crops bean nomadic nobility tortillas

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 13

pyramid art maize marshes

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress. 14

Page 12 - legend, warrior, empire, sacred, gold

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress.

Sylvia & Pat

Legal and Copyright Information

• This eWorkbook pdf file is copyrighted.

• You may not legally distribute this eWorkbook pdf file.

• Under no circumstances may this eWorkbook pdf file be reproduced to sell

Copyright© 2013 Comp Ed, Inc. - SchoolExpress.

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