GRID FLOOR ANALYSIS

GRID FLOORS
INTRODUCTION
The floor which is resting on the beams running in two directions is known as
grid floor. In these types of floor, a mesh or grid of beams running in both the
directions is the main structure, and the floor is of nominal thickness. It is used to
cover a large area without obstruction of internal columns. They are generally
employed for architectural reasons for large rooms such as auditoriums, vestibules,
theatre halls, show rooms of shops where column free space is often the main
requirement.
An assembly of intersecting beams placed at regular interval and
interconnected to a slab of nominal thickness is known as Grid floor or Waffle floor.
These slabs are used to cover a large column free area and therefore are good choice
for public assembly halls. The structure is monolithic in nature and has more stiffness.
It gives pleasing appearance. The maintenance cost of these floors is less. However,
construction of the grid slabs is cost prohibitive.
By investigating various parameters the cost effective solution can be found for
the grid slabs, for which proper method of analysis need to be used. There are various
approaches available for analyzing the grid slab system. In present study some of
these approaches are studied and compared with each other. The comparison is done
on the basis of flexural parameters such as bending moments and shear forces
obtained from various methods. For carrying out study, halls having constant width
10.00m and varying ratio of hall dimensions (L/B) from 1 to 1.5 are considered.
Typical Plan of Grid System and Notations Used
Notations used:
1) L = Length of Hall (Longer side of hall)
2) B = Width of Hall (Shorter side of hall)
3) l = Spacing of grid beams in the direction of the length of the hall
4) b = Spacing of grid beams in the direction of the width of the hall
5) Mx= Bending moment in the beams running in x-direction
6) My= Bending moment in the beams running in y-direction
7) Qx= Shear force in the beams running in x-direction
8) Qy= Shear force in the beams running in y-direction
Dimensions Considered
For the comparison purpose, the width of the hall is kept constant as 10.00 m
and length is increased by an interval of 1.00 m, so that L/B ratio varies from 1 to 1.5
at the interval of 0.1. For all hall sizes the thickness of grid slab is assumed as 100
mm. The size of the beams (0.23 m x 0.60 m) is kept same during entire study.
Analysis Of Grid Floors
(a) Approximate Methods

According to the Indian Standard Code IS: 456-1978, the ribbed slab system can be
analysed as solid slab, if the following requirements regarding spacing of beams,
thickness of slab and edge beams are satisfied.
1. l. The spacing Of the ribs should not be greater than 1.5 m and it should not be
greater than 12 times the flange thickness.
2. In situ ribs should not be less than 65 mm wide.
3. The ribs should be formed along each edge parallel to the span, having a width
equal to that of the bearing.
The moments and shears per unit width Of grid are determined from Table 22 Of IS :
456 code and the reinforcements are designed in the ribs.
The slab reinforcement generally consists of a mesh or fabric. A second approximate
method which is applicable to the grid floor system is the Rankine Grashoff theory of
equating deflections at the junctions of ribs.
Consider a grid floor shown in Fig. in Which the spacings of the ribs are a 1 and b1 in
the x and y directions respectively.
q = Total load per unit area and q1 and q2 are the loads shared in the x and y
directions
a= Shorter dimension of grid
b= Longer dimension of grid
The deflections of the ribs AB and CD at the junction O must be the same and by
equating the deflections,
we have deflection =
5 5
=
384 384
= +
solving the above equations we have
= and
=
and bending moments for the ribs are given by
=
8
=
8
The bending moments in the other ribs can also be determined in direct proportion to
their distances from the centre. The ribs are designed as flanged sections to resist the
moments and shears. However the approximate methods do not yield the twisting
moments in the beams. For small span grids with spacings of ribs not exceeding 1.5
metres, approximate methods can be used, but for grids of larger spans With spacing s
of ribs exceeding I .5 m, a rigorous analysis based on orthotropic plate theory is
generally used.
Approximate Analysis Of Grid Floors
Floors with restricted layout of beams, thickness of slab and edge beams can be
analysed by the conventional methods as in ribbed slabs. Large grid floors which do
not follow these restricted layouts are analysed by other methods. These methods can
be divided into three groups:
1. Method based on plate theory (approximate method)

2. Stiffness matrix method using computer
3. Equating deflection method of each intersecting node oy simultaneous
equations.
In the following sections, a brief discussion of the method based on the plate theory
and reference to other two methods
Analysis Of Rectangular Grid Floors By Timoshenko's Plate Theory
Many variations in the plate theory by different authors are available for analysis of
grid floors. The most popular one is that given by Timoshenko and Krieger t I J. They
have shown that the moments and shears in an anisotropic plate, freely supported on
four sides, depend on the deflection surface. The vertical deflection (D at any point of
a symmetrical grid shown in Fig
Analysis Of Grid By Stiffness Matrix Method
This is an exact method and needs a computer for its application. It assumes the frame
coordinates system X and Y and the member coordinate system X'—Y' as shown in
Fig. 6.1(b). The active joints are identified first and then the force displacement
equations are written for the various active member ends. The member stiffnesses are
then transferred to the frame coordinate system. From the stiffness matrix and joint
displacement equations, the force at each member joint can be obtained by use of
computer programs. Readymade programs for the various types of grids are also
available for quick analysis in design offices. If a computer and the relevant software
programs are available, the analysis can be carried out quickly. However, the results
of the computer analysis should be checked with values obtained from approximate
methods.
Analysis Of Grid Floors By Equating Joint Deflections
In this method, the deflection of the joints and the loads on each Of the beams are
determined. As the number of resulting equations is large, a computer will be required
for its easy solution. (Analysis of Grid Floors ) by the National Buildings
Organisation, New Delhi gives tables and charts which may be conveniently used for
the analysis of rectangular and diagonal grid floors• In this method, torsion component
is generally neglected
Comparison Of Methods Of Analysis
No torsion analysis is suitable for the preliminary analysis and design. The torsion
analysis method gives fairly good results for rectangular grids. The handbook method
gives best results for square grids. However, complex grids, like diagonal grids, are
best solved by matrix method for final designs. Even though the slab analogy of
voided slabs is straightforward, its use should be restricted. For this the following
conditions are necessary:
1. Spacing of ribs should not be greater than 1.5 m or twelve times the flange
thickness (the clear spacing should not be more than ten times the thickness).
2. The depth of the rib should not be more than four times the width of the ribs•
3. With large spacing of the beams, grids do not act as a plate but as individual
units.
Accordingly' with the above spacing restrictions the plate analogy can be used for
approximate analysis Of rectangular grids. For grids not obeying the above spacing
rules, the approximate methods can be used for the preliminary analysis only. In all
the cases, the matrix method gives more realistic values and should be used for the
final analysis and design.
EXAMPLES
A reinforced concrete grid floor of size 9m x 9m is required for an assembly
hall. Assuming rib spacing of 1.5 m in the span of short direction and 1.5m in
the long span direction, design the grid floor. Adopt M20 grade concrete and
Fe415 grade steel. Live load may be assumed as 4KN/m2
Solution:
1)Dimension of the Slab:
Adopt thickness of slab =100mm
Depth of Ribs:
Span/Depth = 20 (Simply supported case)
Depth = (9 x 103)/20 = 450 mm
Width of rib =200mm
Adopt overall depth of ribs =550mm
2)Loads:
Weight of the slab =(0.1x24) =2.4KN/m2
Total load of slab =(2.4x9x9) =194.4KN
Weight of ribs =(.2x.45x24) =2.16KN/m
Total weight of beam(Y-direction) =(7x2.16x9) =136.08KN
Total weight of beam(X-direction) =(7x2.16x9) =136.08KN
Total weight of Floor Finish =(0.6x9x9) =48.6KN
Total live load =(4x9x9) =324KN
Total (Dead load+Live Load) =843.72 KN
Load per meter = =10.416KN/m2

3) Analysis:
a) Section Properties :
= = 0.181
= = 0.133 (X- direction)
= = 0.133 ( Y-direction)
From design table
I = CbwD3
= (0.191x200x5503) (C=0.191)
= 63.8x108mm4 = I1 =I2
Where I1 and I2 are the second moment of inertia of T-sections about their centrodial axis in the
x and y directions respectively.
D1 = EI1 and D2= EI2
Dx= (EI1/b1) =(E x 63.8x108/1.5x1012) =0.00425E
Dy= (EI1/a1) =(E x 63.8x108/1.5x1012) =0.00425E
b) The Torsional Rigidity in X and Y directions are given by
Cx=GC1/b1 and Cy= GC2/a1
Assume µ=0.15 ; E= 5700 = 5700
=25.49 x 106 KN/m2
G= = 0.435µ
G = 11.09x106 KN/m2
C1= C2 = (1-0.63(x/y))(x3y/3)
= (1 - 0.63(0.2/055))( )
C1=C2= 1.13 X10-3

Cx= GC1/b1 = = 8.35x103
Cy= GC2/a1 = = 8.35x103
2H = Cx +Cy = 16.7 x 103m unit
3) Central Deflection: (a= 9m , b=9m)
= = 12.34 ----------------------------------------------- (A)
= = 12.34 ----------------------------------------------- (B)
= = 2.545 ----------------------------------------------(C)
A+B+C = 27.225
Central Deflection (W1) = = = 8.82 m
Long term deflection is equal to 2 to 3 times elastic deflection depending on the date of
removal of supports.
Long term deflection = 3 x 8.82 = 26.46 mm
Span /250 = 9000/250 = 36 >26.46 (IS 456-2000)
Maximum deflection is within the permissible limits.
4) Design Moments and Shear:
Mx = -(Dx ) = ( )2 [ ]
=0.85x105( )2 x0.0088
= 117.46
My = -(Dy ) = Dy ( )2 [ ]
=1.083x105( )2 x0.0088
= 115.736
Mxy = (-)( ) ( )2 [ ]
= (-) ( )( )x0.0088x
= (-) 6.53
Myx = (-) 6.05
Qx = (Dx + )
= (-) ( )(Dx + Dy )
= (-) 0.0088((0.85x105x ) +8.35x103x )) ( )
= -37.02( )
Qy = (-) {(Dx( )3 +Cx( )}w1{( )
=(-) {(0.85x105x ( )3 + 6.265x103( )}x 0.008( )
Qy = - 34.749 ( )
Points x,y
A 4.5,6 1 0 1 0
B 3,6 0.866 0.5 1 0
C 1.5,6 0.5 0.866 1 0
D 0,6 0 0 1 1 0
E 0,10 0 0 1 0.5 -0.866
F 0,12 0 0 1 0 -1
G 4.5,12 1 0 0 -1
H 4.5,10 1 0 0.5 -0.866
Table-4.1
POINTS MOMENTS(KNm) SHEAR(KN)
Mx My Mxy Myx Qx Qy
A 117.46 115.736 0 00 0 0
B 105.401 107.361 0 0 16.76 0
C 72.075 74.031 0 0 29.082 0
D 0 0 0 0 37.02 0
E 0 0 5.95 6.05 16.76 0
F 0 0 5.53 6.05 0 0
G 0 0 0 0 0 34.749
H 56.745 57.25 0 0 0 22.13
Table-4.2
5) Design of Reinforcement:
Max moment = 117.46 KNm
Moment resisted by central rib in x-direction over 1.5m width
= 1.5x117.46 = 176.5735 KNm
Ultimate moment = 264.428 KNm
Moment Capacity of Flange section Muf= 0.36fckbfDf(d-0.42Df)
= ( 0.36x20x1.5x103x100)(500-0.42x100)
= 494.64 KNm > 264.86 KNm
Since Mu < Muf Neutral axis falls within the flange
Mu = 0.87fyAstd (1- )
100 (Ast/bd) = pt = (1- )
= (1- )
= 1.1629x 10-3
1162.93 mm2
Choose 20 diameter bars, Astb = 314 mm2

No of bars = =4
Provide 4 bars of 20 mm diameter (Ast = 1256 mm2)
Shear Reinforcement:
Maximum ultimate shear = (37.02) x 1.5 x 1.5 = 83.295 KN
v = = = 0.932 N/mm2
Assuming two bars to b bent up at the supports, Ast at supports = 628 mm2
Pt = = = 0.628
c = 0.528 N/mm2 < v
Vud = = (1.0056-0.5218) x 200 x 500
= 48.432x103
= 0.2684
Provide 8 mm dia bars 2 legged , = 2x50.24 mm2
= 0.2648
= 374.255
3d =3x500 = 1500m
Provide 2 legged 8mm diameters bars @ 400mm c/c.
Mu Along Y- Direction:
M =115.736KNm
Mu = 2x115.736x1.5 =326.205 KNm
R= = = 0.655
(Ast/bd) = pt = (1- )
Ast = 1062.1125 mm2

For 20 mm diameter bars, no of bars required = 4
st = 1256 mm2)
For shear reinforcement provid 8 mm diameter bars @ 400 mm c/c
SLAB:
Mxy = 6.0 KNm
Myx = 6.05 KNm
Since the moments being small in the slab, mesh reinforcement consisting of 6 mm diameter at
200 mm c/c provided both ways for positive and negative Bending Moment.
hall. Assuming rib spacing of 2 m in the span of short direction and 2m in the
long span direction, design the grid floor. Adopt M20 grade concrete and
Solution:
Depth of Ribs:
Depth = (10x103)/20 = 500mm
Width of rib =200mm
2)Loads:
Weight of the slab = (0.1x24) =2.4KN/m2
Total load of slab = (2.4x10x14) =336KN
Weight of ribs = (.2x.6x24) =2.88KN/m
Total weight of beam(Y-direction) = (8x2.88x14) =322.56KN
Total weight of beam(X-direction) = (6x2.88x10) =172.8KN
Total weight of Floor Finish = (0.6x10x14) =84KN
Total live load = (4x10x14) =560KN
Total (Dead load+Live Load) = 1475.36KN
Load per meter =1475.36/(10x14) = 10.53KN/m2
3) Analysis:
Df/Dw =100/600 = 0.166

bw/bf =200/2000 = 0.1 (X- direction)
=200/2000 = 0.1 ( Y-direction)
From design table
I = CbwD3
= (0.191x200x6003) (C=0.191)
= 82.5x108mm4 = I1 =I2
Dx= (EI1/b1) =(E x 82.5x108/2x1012) =0.00319E
Dy= (EI1/a1) =(E x 82.5x108/2x1012) =0.00319E
Assume µ=0.15 ; E= 5700 = 5700
=25.49 x 106 KN/m2
G= (E/2(1+ µ)) = 0.435µ
G= 11.09x106 KN/m2
C1=C2= (1-0.63(x/y))(x3y/3)
= (1 - 0.63(0.2/0.55))((0.23x0.55)/3)
C1=C2= 1.13 X10-3
Cx= GC1/b1 = (((11.09x106)(1.13x10-3))/2)= 6.26x103
Cy= GC2/a1 = (((11.09x106)(1.13x10-3))/2)= 6.26x103
2H = Cx +Cy = 12.52 x 103m unit

(Dx/a4) = ((105x0.81)/104) = 8.1 ----------------------------------------------- (A)
(Dy/b4) = ((105x0.81)/144) =2.10 ----------------------------------------------- (B)
((2H)/(a2b2)) =((12.52x103)/(102142))= 0.638 ----------------------------------------------(C)
A+B+C = 10.83
6 6
Central Deflection (W1) = ((16q)/(10.83 )) = ((16x10.53)/(10.83 )) = 16.2 mm
Long term deflection is equal to 2 to 3 times elastic deflection depending on the date of removal
of supports.
Span /250 = 10000/250 = 40 >32.4 (IS 456-2000)
Mx = -(Dx ) = Dx( )2 [ ]
= 0.81x105( )2 x0.0194
= 154.93
My = (-) (Dy ) = (-) Dy ( )2 [ ]
= (-) 0.81x105( )2 x0.0194
= (-) 79.04
Mxy = (-)( ) = -( ) ( )2 [ ]
= (-) ( )( )2x0.0194x
= -5.51
Myx = -5.51
Qx = (Dx + )
= (-) ( )(Dx + Dy )
= (-) 0.0194((0.81x105x ) +48.02x )) ( )
= (-)154.93( )
Qy = (-) {(Dx( )3 +Cx( )}w1{( )
= (-) {(0.81x105x ( )3 + 6.26x103( )}x 0.0194( )
Qy = - 18.58 ( )
Points x,y
A 5,7 1 0 1 0
B 4,7 0.021 1 1 0
C 2,7 0.01 1 1 0
D 0,7 0 0 1 1 0
E 0,12 0 0 1 0.04 1
F 0,14 0 0 1 0 -1
G 5,12 1 0 0.04 1
H 5,14 1 0 0 -1
Table-4.1
Mx My Mxy Myx Qx Qy
A 154.93 79.04 0 00 0 0
B 3.25 1.65 0 0 -154.93 0
C 1.54 0.79 0 0 -154.93 0
D 0 0 0 0 -154.93 0
E 0 0 -5.51 -5.51 -6.19 0
F 0 0 5.51 5.51 0 0
G 0 0 0 0 -6.19 -18.58
H 0 0 0 0 0 18.58
Table-4.2
Moment resisted by central rib in x-direction over 2m width
= 2x154.93 = 309.86 KNm
= (0.36x20x2x103x100)(550-0.42x100)
= 731.52 KNm > 464.79 KNm
Mu = 0.87fyAstd (1- )
100 (Ast/bd) = pt = (1- )
= (1- )
= 1.1629x 10-3
1162.93 mm2
No of bars = =4
Maximum ultimate shear = (154.93) x 2 x 1.5 = 464.79 KN
v = = = 4.22 N/mm2
Pt = = = 0.9
c = 0.599 N/mm2 < v
Vud = = (4.22-0.599) x 200 x 550
= 398.31Sx103
= 1.96
Provide 10 mm dia bars 2 legged , = 2x157 mm2
= 1.96
= 160
3d =3x550 = 1650m
Provide 2 legged 10 mm diameters bars @ 200mm c/c.
M = 79.4 KNm
Mu = 2x79.4x1.5 = 238.2 KNm
R= = = 3.93
(Ast/bd) = pt = (1- )
Ast = 1827.23 mm2

Provide 25 st = 1960 mm2)
SLAB:
Mxy = 5.51 KNm
Myx = 5.51 KNm
hall. Assuming rib spacing of 1.5 m in the span of short direction and 2m in
the long span direction, design the grid floor. Adopt M20 grade concrete and
Solution:
Depth of Ribs:
Depth = (9 x 103)/20 = 450 mm
Width of rib =200mm
2)Loads:
Total load of slab =(2.4x9x12) =259.24KN
Total weight of beam(Y-direction) =(7x2.16x12) =181.44KN
Total weight of beam(X-direction) =(7x2.16x9) =136.08KN
Total weight of Floor Finish =(0.6x9x12) =64.8KN
3) Analysis:
= = 0.181
From design table
I = CbwD3
= (0.191x200x5503) (C=0.191)
= 63.8x108mm4 = I1 =I2
Dx= (EI1/b1) =(E x 63.8x108/2x1012) =0.00319E
Dy= (EI1/a1) =(E x 63.8x108/1.5x1012) =0.00425E
Assume µ=0.15 ; E= 5700 = 5700
= 25.49 x 106 KN/m2
G= = 0.435µ
G= 11.09x106 KN/m2
C1=C2= (1-0.63(x/y))(x3y/3)
= (1 - 0.63(0.2/055))( )
C1=C2= 1.13 X10-3
Cx= GC1/b1 = = 6.26x103
Cy= GC2/a1 = = 8.35x103

2H = Cx +Cy = 14.61 x 103m unit
= = 12.34 ----------------------------------------------- (A)
= = 5.22 ----------------------------------------------- (B)
= = 1.225 ----------------------------------------------(C)
A+B+C = 18.81
Central Deflection (W1) = = = 8.82 mm
of supports.
Span /250 = 9000/250 = 36 >26.46 (IS 456-2000)
Mx = -(Dx ) = ( )2 [ ]
= 0.85x105( )2 x0.0088
= 91.049
My = -(Dy ) = Dy ( )2 [ ]
= 1.083x105( )2 x0.0088
= 65.25
Mxy = -( ) = -( ) ( )2 [ ]
=(-) ( )( )x0.0088x
=(-) 4.53
Myx = -6.05
Qx = (Dx + )
=(-) ( )(Dx + Dy )
=(-)0.0088((0.85x105x ) +8.35x103x )) ( )
= -33.52( )
Qy = (-){(Dx( )3 +Cx( )}w1{( )
= (-){(0.85x105x ( )3 + 6.265x103( )}x 0.008( )
Qy = - 15.57 ( )
Points x,y
A 4.5,6 1 0 1 0
B 3,6 0.866 0.5 1 0
C 1.5,6 0.5 0.866 1 0
D 0,6 0 0 1 1 0
E 0,10 0 0 1 0.5 -0.866
F 0,12 0 0 1 0 -1
G 4.5,12 1 0 0 -1
H 4.5,10 1 0 0.5 -0.866
Table-4.1
Mx My Mxy Myx Qx Qy
A 91.049 62.5 0 00 0 0
B 78.85 54.125 0 0 16.76 0
C 45.524 31.25 0 0 29.082 0
D 0 0 0 0 33.52 0
E 0 0 3.92 5.2392 16.76 0
F 0 0 4.53 6.05 0 0
G 0 0 0 0 0 15.57
H 45.524 31.25 0 0 0 13.48
Table-4.2
Moment resisted by central rib in x-direction over 1.5m width
= 1.5x91.049 = 136.5735 KNm
= ( 0.36x20x1.5x103x100)(500-0.42x100)
= 494.64 KNm > 204.86 KNm
Mu = 0.87fyAstd (1- )
100 (Ast/bd) = pt = (1- )
= (1- )
= 1.1629x 10-3
1162.93 mm2
No of bars = =4
Maximum ultimate shear = (33.52) x 2 x 1.5 = 100.56 KN
v = = = 1.0056 N/mm2
Pt = = = 0.628
c = 0.528 N/mm2 < v
Vud = = (1.0056-0.5218) x 200 x 500
= 48.432x103
= 0.2684
= 0.2648
= 374.255
3d =3x500 = 1500m
M = 62.5 KNm
Mu = 2x62.5x1.5 = 187.5 KNm
R= = = 0.375
(Ast/bd) = pt = (1- )
Ast = 1062.1125 mm2

Provide 20 mm diameter bars of 4 st = 1256 mm2)
SLAB:
Mxy = 4.53 KNm
Myx = 6.05 KNm
Solution:
Depth of Ribs:
Depth = (9 x 103)/20 = 500 mm
Width of rib =200mm
2)Loads:
Total load of slab =(2.4x9x12) =288KN
Total weight of beam(Y-direction) =(7x2.16x12) =120KN
Total weight of beam(X-direction) =(7x2.16x9) =172KN
Total weight of Floor Finish =(0.6x9x12) =72KN

3) Analysis:
= = 0.167
From design table
I = CbwD3
= (0.191x200x6003) (C=0.191)
= 82.51x108mm4 = I1 =I2
Dx= (EI1/b1) =(E x 82.51x108/2x1012) =0.00412E
Dy= (EI1/a1) =(E x 82.51x108/2x1012) =0.00412E
Assume µ=0.15 ; E= 5700 = 5700
=25.49 x 106 KN/m2
G= = 0.435µ
G= 11.09x106 KN/m2
C1=C2= (1-0.63(x/y))(x3y/3)
= (1 - 0.63(0.2/.6))( )
C1=C2= 1.264 X10-3

Cx= GC1/b1 = = 7.002x103
Cy= GC2/a1 = = 7.002x103
2H = Cx +Cy = 14.001 x 103m unit
= = 10.5 ----------------------------------------------- (A)
= = 5.06 ----------------------------------------------- (B)
= = .9722 ----------------------------------------------(C)
A+B+C = 16.53
Central Deflection (W1) = = = 9.3mm
of supports.
Span /250 = 10000/250 = 40 >26.46 (IS 456-2000)
Mx = -(Dx ) = ( )2 [ ]
= 0.85x105( )2 x0.0093
= 116.24
My = -(Dy ) = Dy ( )2 [ ]
=1.083x105( )2 x0.0093
= 67.25
Mxy = -( ) = -( ) ( )2 [ ]
= (-) ( )( )x0.0088x
= -4.73
Myx = -6.85
Qx = (Dx + )
= (-) ( )(Dx + Dy )
= (-) 0.00938((0.85x105x ) +8.35x103x )) ( )
= (-) 36.122( )
Qy = (-){(Dx( )3 +Cx( )}w1{( )
= (-) {(0.85x105x ( )3 + 6.265x103( )}x 0.008( )
Qy =(-) 15.57 ( )
Points x,y
A 4.5,6 1 0 1 0
B 3,6 0.866 0.5 1 0
C 1.5,6 0.5 0.866 1 0
D 0,6 0 0 1 1 0
E 0,10 0 0 1 0.5 -0.866
F 0,12 0 0 1 0 -1
G 4.5,12 1 0 0 -1
H 4.5,10 1 0 0.5 -0.866
Table-4.1
Mx My Mxy Myx Qx Qy
A 91.049 62.5 0 00 0 0
B 78.85 54.125 0 0 16.76 0
C 45.524 31.25 0 0 29.082 0
D 0 0 0 0 33.52 0
E 0 0 3.92 5.2392 16.76 0
F 0 0 4.53 6.05 0 0
G 0 0 0 0 0 15.57
H 45.524 31.25 0 0 0 13.48
Table-4.2
= 2x116.24 = 174.24 KNm
= ( 0.36x20x2x103x100)(550-0.42x100)
= 548.64 KNm > 261.54 KNm
Mu = 0.87fyAstd (1- )
100 (Ast/bd) = pt = (1- )
= (1- )
= 1.39x 10-3
1396..21 mm2
Choose 25 diameter bars, Astb = 785mm2
No of bars = =4
Maximum ultimate shear = (36.52) x 2 x 2 = 138.08 KN
v = = = 1.218 N/mm2
Pt = = = 0.628
c = 0.528 N/mm2 < v
Vud = = (1.218-0.5218) x 200 x 550
= 48.432x103
= 0.2684
= 0.2648
= 262.91
3d =3x550 = 1650m
M = 67.5 KNm
Mu = 2x67.5x2= 270 KNm
R= = = 0.462
(Ast/bd) = pt = (1- )
Ast = 1440.71 mm2

Provide 20 mm st = 1519mm2)
SLAB:
Mxy = 4.73 KNm
Myx = 6.88KNm
A reinforced concrete grid floor of size 12m*16 is required for an assembly
Fe415 grade steel. Total load including self weight is 6.5 KN/m^2
Solution:
Estimate the necessary thickness of the beam and floor slab
Assume the spacing of ribs 2 m both ways
Lx= 12m, Df =12000/20=600mm
Lx=2m, Df=2000/20=100mm
Assume width of rib=200mm
2)Loads:
Load per meter =6.5KN/m2
3) Analysis:
= = 0.166
= = 10(X- direction)
From design table
I = CbwD3
= (0.191x200x6003) (C=0.191)
= 82.6*10^-4M^4 = I1 =I2
Dx= (EI1/b1) =(25.49*10^6 x 82.8x108/2x1012) =1.055*10^5M
Dy= (EI1/a1) =(25.49*10^6x 82.8x108/2x1012) =1.055*10^5M
Assume µ=0.15 ; E= 5700 = 5700
=25.49 x 106 KN/m2
G = = 0.435µ
G= 11.09x106 KN/m2
C1=C2= (1-0.63(x/y))(x3y/3)
= (1 - 0.63(0.2/0.6))( )
C1=C2= 1.264 X10-3
Cx= GC1/b1 = = 7x103
Cy= GC2/a1 = = 7x103
2H = Cx +Cy = 14 x 103m unit
= = 5.09 ----------------------------------------------- (A)
= = 1.61 ----------------------------------------------- (B)
= = .38 ----------------------------------------------(C)
A+B+C = 7.08
Central Deflection (W1) = = = 15 mm

of supports.
Long term deflection = 2 x 15 = 30 mm
Span /250 = 12000/(2.5*15) = 320 <250(allowed) (IS 456-2000)
Mx = -(Dx ) = ( )2 [ ]
=0.85x105( )2 x0.0088
= 91.049
My = -(Dy ) = Dy ( )2 [ ]
=1.083x105( )2 x0.0088
= 65.25
Mxy = -( ) = -( ) ( )2 [ ]
= (-)( )( )x0.0088x
= (-)4.53
Myx = -6.05
Qx = (Dx + )
= (-) ( )(Dx + Dy )
= -0.0088((0.85x105x ) +8.35x103x )) ( )
= -33.52( )
Qy = -{(Dx( )3 +Cx( )}w1{( )
=-{(0.85x105x ( )3 + 6.265x103( )}x 0.008( )
Qy = - 15.57 ( )
Points x,y
A 68 1 0 1 0
B 4,8 0.866 0.5 1 0
C 2.8, 0.5 0.866 1 0
D 0,8 0 0 1 1 0
E 0,12 0 0 1 0.5 -0.866
F 0,16 0 0 1 0 -1
G 6,16 1 0 0 -1
H 0.5,10 1 0 0.5 -0.866
Table-4.1
POINTS MOMENS SHEAR POINTS MOMENTS SHEAR POINTS

(KNm) (KN) (KNm) (KN)
Mx My Mx My
A 108 61 A 108 61 A
B 94 53 B 94 53 B
C 54 30.5 C 54 30.5 C
D 0 0 D 0 0 D
E 0 0 E 0 0 E
F 0 0 F 0 0 F
G 0 0 G 0 0 G
H 77 43 H 77 43 H
Table-4.2
Max moment = 108 KNm
= 2x108 = 216 KNm
Ultimate moment = 324 KNm

=( 0.36x20x2x103x100)(500-0.42x100)
= 659 KNm > 324KNm
Mu = 0.87fyAstd (1- )
100 (Ast/bd) = pt = (1- )
= (1- )
= 2078x 10-3
2078 mm2
Choose 25 diameter bars, Astb = 490.8mm2
No of bars = = 4.23
Provide 4 bars of 25 mm and 1 bar of 20 mm diameter (Ast = 2277 mm2)
Maximum ultimate shear = (29.52) x 2 x 2 = 118.08 KN
v = = = .984 N/mm2
Pt = = = 0.523
c = 0.523 N/mm2 < v
Vud = = (.984-0.523) x 200 x 600
= 55.32x103
= 0.255

= 0.255
= 394.039
3d =3x500 = 1500m
M = 61KNm
Mu = 2x61x1.5 = 183.5 KNm
R= = = 2.54
(Ast/bd) = pt = (1- )
Ast = 1030.1125 mm2
st = 1256 mm2)
SLAB:
Mxy = 3.74 KNm
Myx = 5.3 KNm

GRID FLOOR ANALYSIS

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GRID FLOOR ANALYSIS

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GRID FLOORS

Typical Plan of Grid System and Notations Used

Analysis Of Grid Floors

(a) Approximate Methods

solving the above equations we have

Approximate Analysis Of Grid Floors

1. Method based on plate theory (approximate method)

Analysis Of Rectangular Grid Floors By Timoshenko's Plate Theory

Analysis Of Grid Floors By Equating Joint Deflections

1)Dimension of the Slab:

Adopt thickness of slab =100mm

Span/Depth = 20 (Simply supported case)

Depth = (9 x 103)/20 = 450 mm

Width of rib =200mm

Adopt overall depth of ribs =550mm

Weight of the slab =(0.1x24) =2.4KN/m2

Total load of slab =(2.4x9x9) =194.4KN

Weight of ribs =(.2x.45x24) =2.16KN/m

Total weight of beam(Y-direction) =(7x2.16x9) =136.08KN

Total weight of beam(X-direction) =(7x2.16x9) =136.08KN

Total weight of Floor Finish =(0.6x9x9) =48.6KN

Total live load =(4x9x9) =324KN

Total (Dead load+Live Load) =843.72 KN

Load per meter = =10.416KN/m2

= = 0.133 (X- direction)

From design table

D1 = EI1 and D2= EI2

Dx= (EI1/b1) =(E x 63.8x108/1.5x1012) =0.00425E

Dy= (EI1/a1) =(E x 63.8x108/1.5x1012) =0.00425E

b) The Torsional Rigidity in X and Y directions are given by

Cx=GC1/b1 and Cy= GC2/a1

Assume µ=0.15 ; E= 5700 = 5700

=25.49 x 106 KN/m2

C1=C2= 1.13 X10-3

Cy= GC2/a1 = = 8.35x103

2H = Cx +Cy = 16.7 x 103m unit

3) Central Deflection: (a= 9m , b=9m)

= = 12.34 ----------------------------------------------- (A)

= = 12.34 ----------------------------------------------- (B)

Central Deflection (W1) = = = 8.82 m

Long term deflection = 3 x 8.82 = 26.46 mm

Span /250 = 9000/250 = 36 >26.46 (IS 456-2000)

Maximum deflection is within the permissible limits.

4) Design Moments and Shear:

Myx = (-) 6.05

= (-) 0.0088((0.85x105x ) +8.35x103x )) ( )

Qy = (-) {(Dx( )3 +Cx( )}w1{( )

=(-) {(0.85x105x ( )3 + 6.265x103( )}x 0.008( )

Max moment = 117.46 KNm

Moment resisted by central rib in x-direction over 1.5m width

= 1.5x117.46 = 176.5735 KNm

Ultimate moment = 264.428 KNm

Moment Capacity of Flange section Muf= 0.36fckbfDf(d-0.42Df)

= 494.64 KNm > 264.86 KNm

Since Mu < Muf Neutral axis falls within the flange

100 (Ast/bd) = pt = (1- )

Choose 20 diameter bars, Astb = 314 mm2

Provide 4 bars of 20 mm diameter (Ast = 1256 mm2)

Maximum ultimate shear = (37.02) x 1.5 x 1.5 = 83.295 KN

c = 0.528 N/mm2 < v

Vud = = (1.0056-0.5218) x 200 x 500

Provide 8 mm dia bars 2 legged , = 2x50.24 mm2