Hindi/Pronouns

Introduction
Script

Devanagari
Combinations
(Conjuncts)
Grammar

Gender
Honorifics
Plurals
Parts of speech
Conjugation
Questions
Word order
Negation
Nouns
Verbs
Pronouns
Tenses
Vocabulary

Everyday Phrases
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Family relations
Time

In Hindi the pronouns are inflected depending on the number and case. The pronouns in Hindi may be classified into 7 categories, the
most important of which is the personal pronoun category. We'd learn only about them here, reserving the rest for later chapters on
pronouns.

a)Direct Case

Person Singular Plural

1st म (I) हम (We)
2nd (intimate) तू (You) तुम (You)
2nd (honorary) आप (You) आप (You)
3rd (proximal) यह (This/It/He/She) ये (These/They)
3rd (distal) वह (That/He/She) वे (Those/They)

Ex: म खे लता हू ँ - I play आप िलखते ह - You write रमे श सुनता है - Ramesh listens
Tip - If you had followed the lessons so far then you must have noticed that there always are separate forms of intimate and honorary
2nd persons and that the honorary 2nd person uses the same the form for both sing. And plural. This originates from the practice in
Sanskrit to use plural forms for a higher authority/elders/respected people to show them respect and honor
.

b)Dative case The dative case is generally used to indicate the noun/pronoun to whom something is given. For example, in "John
gave Mary a book". The thing being given may be a tangible object, such as "a book" or "a pen", or it may be an intangible
abstraction, such as "an answer" or "help". The dative generally marks the indirect object of a verb.

"He built a snowman for me" can also be rendered as "He built [for] me a snowman". In this example, the generic objective pronoun
"me" functions as a dative pronoun.

Person Singular Plural

1st मुझे/मुझको हम/हमको
2nd (intimate) तुझे/तुझको तु ह/तुमको
2nd (honorary) आपको आपको
3rd (proximal) इसे /इसको इ ह/इनको
3rd (distal) उसे /उसको उ ह/उनको

Ex: मुझे एक कलम चािहए - I need a pen उसे एक खत िमला - He got a letter इ ह पानी दो - Give them water

c)Genitive/possessive ('s/of)

Singular Singular Plural

Person Plural (feminine)
(masculine) (feminine) (masculine)
1st मे रा (my/mine) मे र (my/mine) हमारा (our/ours) हमार (our/ours)
तु हारा तु हार
2nd (intimate) ते रा (your/yours) ते र (your/yours)
(your/yours) (your/yours)
2nd आपका आपक
आपका (your/yours) आपक (your/yours)
(honorary) (your/yours) (your/yours)
इसक (of
3rd (proximal) इसका (of this/Its/his) इनका (their) इनक (theirs)
this/Its/her)
3rd (distal) उसका (his) उसक (her) उनका (their) उनक (their)

Ex: ये िकताब मे र ह - These books are mine मे र िकताब पुरानी ह - My books are old तु हारा घर बड़ा है - Your house is big उसके पे ड़
हरे ह - His trees are green

d) Ablative

Ablative pronoun/nouns in general represent a motion away from something as "ablative" is derived from the Latin ablatus, the
(irregular) perfect passive participle of auferre "to carry away". Their use in Hindi sentences however can be roughly correspond to
some work done by somebody/something.

Person Singular Plural

1st मुझसे हमसे
2nd (intimate) तुझसे /तुमसे तुमसे
2nd (honorary) आपसे आपसे
3rd (proximal) इससे इनसे
 3rd (distal) उससे उनसे

Ex: मुझसे गलती हो गई - I made a mistake (lit:A mistake was committed by me) मे रा तुमसे भरोसा उठ गया - I've lost faith on you
आपसे यही उ मीद थी - This was expected of you

e)Locative

Locative case indicates a location. It corresponds vaguely to the English prepositions "in", "on", "at", and "by" combined with
nouns/pronouns.

Person Singular Plural

1st मुझपर हमपर
2nd (intimate) तुझपर तुमपर
2nd (honorary) आपपर आपपर
3rd (proximal) इसपर इनपर
3rd (distal) उसपर उनपर

Ex: मुझपर भरोसा करो - Have faith in me ई र तुमपर दया करे - May God have pity on you सार उ मीद उसपर टक ह - All hopes
rest on him

f)Ergative

Person Singular Plural

1st मने हमने
2nd (intimate) तुने तुमने
2nd (honorary) आपने आपने
3rd (proximal) इसने इ हने
3rd (distal) उसने उ हने
Ex: मने सब दे ख िलया - I have seen everything या तुने काम िकया - Have you done the jobसीता ने खाना खाया - Sita ate the food

Note – Often the word 'लोग' which means people is added to plural pronouns for emphasizing and/or indicating the plurality itself.
Such as वे लोग खाते ह, हम लोग खे लते ह and so on.

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This page was last edited on 19 March 2016, at 04:03.

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