Technical Skills and Quality Output

Union College of Laguna
1947 Santa Cruz, Laguna
PAGE i
TECHNICAL SKILLS OF TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD

EDUCATION TEACHERS AND STUDENTS AS RELATED
TO THE QUALITY OF OUTPUT
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the
Faculty of Graduate Studies
Santa Cruz, Laguna
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Arts in Education
Major in Administration and Supervision
Name
September 2018
PAGE ii
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “TECHNICAL SKILLS OF TECHNOLOGY

AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION TEACHERS AND STUDENTS AS
RELATED TO THE QUALITY OF OUTPUT”, prepared and submitted by
_______, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Arts in Education, Major in Administration and Supervision, is
hereby recommended for Oral Examination and Defense.
Passed the comprehensive exam given on ___, 2018 with a

grade of __%.
____________
Adviser
Approved by the committee and tribunal on an oral examination

and defense with a final grade of ____% this _th day of ____ in the year
2018.
_____________
Chairwomen
______________ ____________________
Member Member
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree

Master of Arts in Education Major in Administration and Supervision.
LITO F. NOROÑA, Ed. D.

Dean, Graduate Studies
PAGE iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, the researcher would like to extend her
sincere thanks to Dr. LITO F. NOROÑA, Dean, Graduate Studies of
Union College of Laguna, for his expertise, constant support and
encouragement in this endeavor. The researcher appreciates all his
contributions of time, efforts and ideas to make her Master of Arts
experience productive and stimulating.
Secondly, the researcher would like to express her sincere
gratitude to her considerate professor, ___________, for her/his
assistance, encouragement, guidance and opportunities that she
provided throughout the process in completing this research.
Likewise, the researcher would like to express her grateful
appreciation to,
__________________________________________________________
_____, for their valuable advices, tolerance and guidance in writing her
thesis. Completion of the project was impossible without their continuous
assistance.
The researcher owes her most sincere gratitude to the
OIC/Principal of Felicisimo T. San Luis National High School, Dr.
Menandro A. Zubieto, to allow his time for collection of necessary

PAGE iv
data. His approach towards the study was enthusiastic and full of
curiosity.
The researcher is also thankful to her co-teachers, especially to
Mrs. Maricel S. Papa, Chief Adviser of Grade – 8 School Year 2014-
2015, for their cooperation and the students for being disciplined
and cooperative during the time of data collection.
The researcher is very thankful to the Almighty God for
giving her the opportunity to take up the masteral research and
culminate it into a worthy experience.
All who are not mentioned but in one way or another helped in
the completion of this study, thank you very much.

PAGE v
DEDICATION
is whole-heartedly dedicated to the researcher’s family;
her husband,
Mr. ________________
her son,
_________________
her daughters,
___________________
her mother,
Mrs. __________________
and to GOD, the LORD Almighty.
“Commit to the LORD whatever you do, and your plans will
succeed.”
Proverbs 16:3
PAGE vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preliminaries Page
Title Page....................................................................................................i
Approval Sheet..........................................................................................ii
Acknowledgement.....................................................................................iii
Dedication.................................................................................................vi
Table of Contents.....................................................................................vii
List of Tables..............................................................................................x
List of Figure..............................................................................................x
Abstract....................................................................................................xii
Chapter
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING..................................1

INTRODUCTION............................................................1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY..................................4
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.....................................9
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK....................................12
THE PROBLEM............................................................15
Statement of the Problem.......................................15
Null Hypotheses......................................................16
Scope and Delimitation of the Study......................16
Significance of the Study........................................17
DEFINITION OF TERMS.............................................20
PAGE vii
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES. . .28

FOREIGN LITERATURE..............................................28
LOCAL LITERATURE..................................................54
FOREIGN STUDIES....................................................62
LOCAL STUDIES.........................................................90
3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND PROCEDURE.....................105

RESEARCH DESIGN................................................105
Research Method.................................................105
Research Instrument............................................106
Research Locale...................................................108
Subjects of the Study............................................108
Sampling Technique.............................................108
Statistical Treatment of Data.................................110
RESEARCH PROCEDURE........................................111
4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA 113
Subproblem 1.............................................................114
Subproblem 2.............................................................116
Subproblem 3.............................................................117
Subproblem 4.............................................................119
5 SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS.........................................................................136
SUMMARY.................................................................136
PAGE viii
FINDINGS..................................................................136
CONCLUSIONS.........................................................141
RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................144
BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................147
A. Books 147
B. Periodicals.......................................................................148
C. Unpublished Materials.....................................................153
D. Other Sources.................................................................155
APPENDICES.......................................................................................159
A. Letter of Request.............................................................160
B. Questionnaire..................................................................162
.
PAGE ix
PAGE x
PAGE 1
PAGE 2
The students cannot only learn in the four corners of a classroom, the
teacher should not teach with the theories only but instead he/she must
let his/her students experience it.
Bruner’s Theory of Cognitive Constructivism states that,
Learning is an active process: Direct experience, making errors, and
looking for solutions are vital for the assimilation and accommodation of
information. How information is presented is important. When
information is introduced as an aid to problem solving, it functions as
atool rather than an isolated arbitrary fact. Learning should be whole,
authentic, and real the students are engaged in the true to life
experience in a classroom.
The school should have adequate facilities and equipments to help the
students learn from the real thing.

PAGE 3
Conceptual Framework
Technology and Livelihood Education is more on hands on
activities and application. But like the other subjects, the teacher must
competence that will enhance the student’s performance and at the
same time they learned. TLE must involve learning concepts and ideas
about its different areas.
Figure 2.2 presents the research paradigm of the study.
Input variables will the .qualification of TLE teachers in terms of:
Experiences in teaching TLE; Seminars attended relevant to TLE; and
Participation in technolympics., level of technical skills of students as to:
Knowledge; Manipulative skill and Working habits, quality of students in
TLE, Significance relationship between the qualification of TLE teachers
and the quality of students in TLE, Significance relationship between the
level of technical skills of students and the quality of students in TLE. In
the process, the researchers will use self-made questionnaire. The first
part will be the profile of the respondents and the second part is the
teaching strategies used by the respondents, the teachers.

PAGE 4
The output of this study was a Technical Skills Of Technology And
Livelihood Education Teachers And Students As Related To The Quality
Of OutpuT..
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Technical Skills Of
Checklist- Technology And
Questionnaire Livelihood
Survey Education
Gathering data Teachers And
Interpretation and Students As
analyzing the data Related To The
Quality Of
OutpuT.
PAGE 5
Figure 2
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the Technical Skills Of Technology
And Livelihood Education Teachers And Students As Related To The
Quality Of OutpuT.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the qualification of TLE teachers in terms of:

1.1 Experiences in teaching TLE;
1.2 Seminars attended relevant to TLE; and
1.3 Participation in technolympics?
2. What is the level of technical skills of students as to:

2.1. Knowledge;
2.2. Manipulative skill and
2.3. Working habits?
3. What is the quality of students in TLE?
4. Is there a significance relationship between the qualification of TLE
teachers and the quality of students in TLE ?

PAGE 6
5. Is there a significance relationship between the level of technical
skills of students and the quality of students in TLE ?
Hypothesis/es
The study will test the null hypothesis:
Ho1. There is no significance relationship between the qualification
of TLE teachers and the quality of students in TLE.
Ho2. There is no significance relationship between the level of
technical skills of students and the quality of students in TLE .
Scope, Delimitation and Limitation of the Study
The main focus of the study is to determine the Technical Skills Of
Technology And Livelihood Education Teachers And Students As Related
To The Quality Of OutpuT in the high schools in Mabitac-Famy, Division
of Laguna during the assessment year 2018-2019. The study will cover
the teachers and students technical skills in TLE in Grade 6 in
elementary schools in Mabitac-Famy, Division of Laguna. The
descriptive method of research will be utilized in this study with self-
made questionnaire as the main tool in gathering the data.

PAGE 7
This study will be limited to the other public high schools and the
teachers will selected only from grade 6 students and this study will be
delimited to the private high schools in the Mabitac-Famy, Division of
Laguna, to the teachers handling Grade students and to the teachers
who do not handle TLE subject.
Significance of the Study
This research could be a source of information to the different
secondary schools in Mabitac-Famy At Division of Laguna in which it will
determine on how the technical skills of teachers affect the output of
students.
Specifically, this study will be a great value to the following groups of
people:
Students. This study will be a great help for the students in order to
determine their technical skills. It will benefit to the student’s academic
performance to know what are their strengths and weaknesses.
Teachers. The study will help teachers to determine also the technical
skills to be focus on the students.

PAGE 8
Researchers. This study may help the researchers to determine the
relationship between technical skills and academic performance of the
students.
Future Researchers. This study will help them to know how technical
skills may be improved together with the academic performance of the
students.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are discussed to fully understand and help to
know how it is used in developing the study.
K 12 Program – curriculum that implements an education that starts
from Kindergarten up to Grade 12.
Students’ Academic Performance - Academic achievement or
(academic) performance is the outcome of education — the extent to
which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational
goals.
Technical skills - are those abilities acquired through learning and
practice. They are often job or task specific; in other words, a particular
skill set or proficiency required to perform a specific job or task.

PAGE 9
Technology Education – refers to the education which deals on the
improvement of technical skills.
Strategy. It is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular
goal (Corpuz and Salandanan, 2013). In this study, it refers to the way
on how student will learn.
Teaching. is a multi-faceted human activity. It involves a wide
range of planning, strategies, interactions, organizational arrangement
and materials resources that take place in the teaching learning process
(Zulueta, 2006). In this study, it is the way on how the teacher can impart
knowledge to enhance the student performance.
Performance. The act of performing; carrying into execution or
action and accomplishment represented by action (wiktionary). It refers
to the way on how the students’ performance and accomplish a task.
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE). It refers to one
the components of Makabayan offered from first year to fourth year
which comprises Home Economics, Agriculture, Industrial Arts and
Entrepreneurship (BEC, 2002). In this study it is the focus where the
teaching strategies must be related.

PAGE 10
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter presents the conceptual literature, research
literature, theoretical framework, conceptual framework and
definition of terms that will help to fully understand the research
study.
Conceptual Literature
The following related researches which have been taken from
different references are used as the bases of this study:
Technology and Livelihood Education
Technology and Livelihood Education is the subject offered in all
curriculum levels for all students, boys and girls. It covers the basic skills
and concepts of Home Economics, Entrepreneurship, Agricultural Arts
and Industrial Arts to be taken as a unified course. As one fundamental
school subject, TLE is concerned with providing experiences in the
various field of work and expectations that will develop in the individual
skill, knowledge, appreciation and values necessary for effective daily
living (Agdan et.al. 2015)

PAGE 11
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) equips learners with
knowledge and information, skills, and processes, right work values and
life skills in the field of Home economics, Industrial Arts, Agri-Fishery
Arts, Information Communication Technology and Entrepreneurship
(Balhag et.al. 2015)
The main goal of T.L.E is the development of work ethics ,
knowledge, skills and values essential to economically productive
endeavor and to bring about the students awareness by engaging then
income generating activities and other livelihood projects to improve their
lives and lessen dependence on employment as the only source of
income (Cabanig et. al., 2015)
Technical skills are known as a specific skill which the person may
possess through learning and practice. You may acquire technical skills
through experience or pursuing it as specialization. But how these skills
affect the academic performance of the student?
Academic performance serves as standard in order to determine the
result of student achievement. There are some factors of which affect the
student performance. Mushtaq and Nawaz Khan (2016) mention that
there are factors affecting student achievement like learning facilities,

PAGE 12
student test results, communication proper guidance and family stress.
But there are some variables which affects the performance of the
students.
Technical skills can be acquired through technology education.
Camarao(2015) defined technology education as those educational or
learning activities dealing with the development of technical skills,
knowledge and attitudes relative to production or service occupations for
effective citizenships, or preparing people for employment in technical
occupations; or upgrading persons who are actually employed or
engaged in technical occupations.
It is supported with R.A. 7796- An Act creating the Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority, Providing for it proves,
structure and for other purposes. The Act states its goals and objectives
that it strengthens technical skills, to develop those skills and also the
moral character, work ethics and nationalism.
To develop more the academic achievement of the students and to
unleashed more the technical skills that they possess. The DepEd Order
No. 31 s. 2012 K to 12 curriculum has been implemented already for the
high school. The program aims to focus not only on the academic field of
PAGE 13
the learners but also to the technical and livelihood skills they have. That
is why modules for exploratory courses and specialization are created to
develop simultaneously the technical skills and academic standard of the
student.
However, technical skill is still important in our education. Palipis
(2017) stated in his book that in 1987 Philippine Constitution under
Article XIV Sec. 3 paragraph 5. That the State must provide adult
citizens, the disabled, the out-of-school youth with training in civics,
vocational efficiency and other skills which means that our government
also must emphasize on both academic and technical skill of the
learners.
According to the study of Delos Santos (2016) there are factors which
affect the academic performance of TLE students. Profile of the
students, in terms of age, gender, occupation of parents and their
educational attainment are variables that contribute to the performance
of the students. Other variables are attitude of the students, parental
support to the students and their performance of students in TLE.
However, Garduque (2016) in his study stated that learning theories
were not enough we need to have skills to do things. Those skills are
PAGE 14
technical skills and livelihood programs which may help the students and
graduates to become skilled workers of the future.
In the study of Kumazhege et. al. (2015) he conclude that there are
some factors which affect the academic and technical skill of the learner
according to the perception of their technical teachers in Adamawa state,
Nigeria. They suggest that their government must give their students
adequate facilities and laboratories and also develop the teacher training
programme of the technical teachers.
On the other hand, ACT (2014) conclude in their study that strong
academic achievement, technical skill, certainty of occupational choice,
college readiness promote degree and job attainment in careers of
interest and job satisfaction helps high school graduates to enter college.
It means that academic and technical skills are still essential.
Teaching Strategies
PAGE 15
According to Corpuz and Salandanan (2016) teaching strategies
is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal.
Strategies apply to many disparate fields such as military strategy,
economic strategy, teaching strategy and the like.
The following are some of the strategies used to establish an
effective instruction in Technology and Livelihood Education (Ramon C.
Cabag, Ed.D 2016).
Brainstorming. A creative technique in which a group is given a
problem and is asked to suggest as many solutions as they can in a
given time. This works best when there is a specific problem that lends
itself to many possible answers.
Buzzing or Buzz Session. Involves the group in a interchange of
ideas on a topic or question on which judgment is sought.
Film forum. A discussion before and after the viewing of an
educational film is similar to the lecture forum except that the films takes
the place of a speaker.
Role Playing. A training technique consists of a dramatization
which shows the emotional reactions of participants who are assuming
an identity other than their own.

PAGE 16
Simulation Games. Are scaled-down models of real life
situations, problems or activities. The players assume realistic roles and
participate in discussions according to specific rules.
Springboard. Is a method in which materials are used on a topic
intended to provoke or motivate the learners into conducting an inquiry
on the subject.
Lecture. Used extensively by technicians and subject matter
specialists to present technical information, develop background and
appreciation and to integrate ideas.
The strategies used mentioned above are used by the TLE
teachers to enhance the performance and learning of the students in the
TLE subject.
Performance.
It refers to the accomplishment of a given task (Petra, 2014). It is
the ability of how students can perform in a certain task.
A term which refers to the fulfillment of a claim, promise or
request. (Grolier Dictionary, 1981. Vol. 2). It refers to the range where the
students can perform the given task that enhance their performance.
PAGE 17
Seminars attended
According to the findings of Aguila et. al, 2015 seminars attended,
years of experience and age have significant in the level of the extent of
use of methods and show that there is no significant relationship
between the extent use of methods and gender and civil status of the
respondent. While in the terms of relationship between the extent of use
of strategies in teaching and the profile of the respondents, there were
significant relationship between age, years of experience and seminars
attended but no significant relationship to the gender and civil status.
Calangi, et. al. (2014) stated that the age, sex, course and type of
high school attended may have an effect on students’ study habits. Along
with these, teachers’ performance, attitudes and environmental factors
really affect the students. They were able to prove that the learner’s
profile is a big factor that teachers must consider to have a successful
learning outcome.
PAGE 18
Synthesis of Related Literature and Studies
The studies reviewed by the researchers are range of background
in the study of new teaching strategies to enhance student performance
in Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE).
The study of Aguila is relevant to the present study because he
states that the profile of the respondents greatly affect the use of
teaching strategies in the TLE subject. He also states that the age, years
of experience and seminars attended have a significant relationship to
the way the respondents use this methods and strategies but it has no
relation to the age and civil status of the respondents.
The Calangi, et. al. was different to the present study. It is more
on the factor that can affect the student performance. Students’ profiles
have the big affect the success of learning outcome and the other factor
was the teachers’ performance, attitudes and environmental factors.
The literature and studies supports this research especially in
technical skill and the academic performance. Mushtaq and Nawaz Khan
gave us the factors that affect the academic performance of the student,
while Camarao introduced the technology education and the technical
skills and then supported with the objectives of TESDA Act and K 12
PAGE 19
Program. Delos Santos, Garduque, Kumazhege and ACT also gave
information to our study.

PAGE 20
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE
This chapter presents the research design, subject of the study,
data gathering instrument, data gathering procedure and the statistical
treatment of data that will be used in gathering the necessary information
for the study.
Research Design
The descriptive method of research will be utilized to study the
technical skills of technology and livelihood education teachers and
students as related to the quality of output in the elementary schools in
Mabitac-Famy District Division of Laguna. It served as the basis to
assess and to describe the concerns about the technical skills stated in
this study.
Descriptive method is used to discover facts on which judgment
could be based. It describes records, analyzes and interprets what it is
(Rivera, 1999). This method is applicable to use in the studies
concerning with the various problems present in a research study.

PAGE 21
Subject of the Study
The respondents of this study will be ___ high school TLE
teachers as respondents and Students respondents from Grade 6 in the
schools in Mabitac- Famy Division of Laguna.
Locale of the study
Data Gathering Instrument
The main instrument in gathering data was a self-made
questionnaire made by the researchers. The needed data will be
gathered through the questionnaire made by the researchers from the
different readings from books and other resource materials and also to
the unpublished materials regarding the strategies used by teachers.

PAGE 22
The draft of the questionnaire contains the technical skills used by
teachers in teaching TLE subject and students.
Construction of the Questionnaire. The second draft of the
questionnaire will be prepared, together with the corrections and
suggestions made on the first draft. After the questionnaire is checked
and improved, the third draft will be prepared.
The questionnaire had two parts. The first part of the
questionnaire is the profile of the respondents. The age, sex, year level
handled number of seminars attended and the number of years in
service in teaching Technology and Livelihood Education. The second
part emphasize with the technical skills, the TLE teachers to enhance the
performance of the students in the TLE subject.
Validation of the Questionnaire. To ensure the validity and
reliability of the questionnaire, the researchers will prepare a letter
requesting for the validation from the practitioners. It will be presented to
the TLE teachers and to the adviser of the research study. The draft will
be rewritten with the incorporated suggestions and recommendations
and showed it to the adviser for the approval.

PAGE 23
Administration of the Questionnaire. After the questionnaire
was approved, the researchers will prepare a letter of request noted by
the adviser and the Dean of College of Teacher Education for the
administration of the instrument. Afterwards the letter will be presented
to the principals of the chosen schools for the utilization of the teachers
as the respondents of the study. After the principals’ approval, the
researchers will distribute the questionnaire to the respondents.
Scoring of Responses. The data that will be gathered from this
study will be interpreted, tallied, and analyzed based on the scale to
determine in the conformity in the items found in the questionnaire. The
scoring used was as follows:
Option Scale Range Verbal
Interpretation
5 4.50-5.0 widely used
4 3.50-4.49 often used
3 2.50-3.49 moderately used
2 1.50-2.49 seldom used
1 1.00-1.49 never used

PAGE 24
Data Gathering Procedures
With the permission that granted by the principal, the
questionnaire will be distributed at the teachers’ free time. The ___
teachers that respond to the questionnaire will be given enough time for
them to answer. Consciously, the researcher will guide the teachers so
they will not misunderstand the needed information in the questionnaire.
When the researchers finished the administering and collecting
the questionnaires, they will start the tallying and tabulating the data.
After the data will be tallied and tabulated, they will give it to the
statistician for statistical treatment.
Statistical Treatment of Data
To be able to analyze the data gathered, statistical tools such as
percentage, frequency, weighted mean, ranking.
Percentage. This will be used to determine percentage for each
data.
Frequency. This will be used to refer to the number of
respondents who indicated a specific answer.

PAGE 25
Weighted Mean. This will be used to interpret in terms of criteria
based on the scale and their verbal descriptions.
Ranking. This will be used to rank the teachers responses from
highest to lowest.
Statement Statistical tools
 .qualification of TLE
teachers in terms of:
1.1Experiences in teaching TLE;
Weighted mean, Percentage and
1.2Seminars attended relevant to Rank
TLE; and
1.3 Participation in technolympics.
• level of technical skills of

students as to:
2.1. Knowledge;
2.2. Manipulative skill and Rank
2.3. Working habits.
• quality of students in TLE
Rank
• Significance relationship Chi-square
between the qualification of TLE
teachers and the quality of
students in TLE
 Significance relationship Chi-square
between the level of
PAGE 26
technical skills of students

and the quality of students
in TLE

Technical Skills and Quality Output

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Union College of Laguna

1947 Santa Cruz, Laguna

TECHNICAL SKILLS OF TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD

This thesis entitled “TECHNICAL SKILLS OF TECHNOLOGY

Passed the comprehensive exam given on ___, 2018 with a

Approved by the committee and tribunal on an oral examination

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree

LITO F. NOROÑA, Ed. D.

First and foremost, the researcher would like to extend her

sincere thanks to Dr. LITO F. NOROÑA, Dean, Graduate Studies of

Union College of Laguna, for his expertise, constant support and

encouragement in this endeavor. The researcher appreciates all his

contributions of time, efforts and ideas to make her Master of Arts

experience productive and stimulating.

Secondly, the researcher would like to express her sincere

gratitude to her considerate professor, ___________, for her/his

assistance, encouragement, guidance and opportunities that she

provided throughout the process in completing this research.

Likewise, the researcher would like to express her grateful

thesis. Completion of the project was impossible without their continuous

The researcher owes her most sincere gratitude to the

OIC/Principal of Felicisimo T. San Luis National High School, Dr.

Menandro A. Zubieto, to allow his time for collection of necessary

The researcher is also thankful to her co-teachers, especially to

Mrs. Maricel S. Papa, Chief Adviser of Grade – 8 School Year 2014-

and cooperative during the time of data collection.

The researcher is very thankful to the Almighty God for

giving her the opportunity to take up the masteral research and

culminate it into a worthy experience.

the completion of this study, thank you very much.

is whole-heartedly dedicated to the researcher’s family;

and to GOD, the LORD Almighty.

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING..................................1

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES. . .28

3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND PROCEDURE.....................105

4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF

5 SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

let his/her students experience it.

Bruner’s Theory of Cognitive Constructivism states that,

Learning is an active process: Direct experience, making errors, and

information. How information is presented is important. When

information is introduced as an aid to problem solving, it functions as

atool rather than an isolated arbitrary fact. Learning should be whole,

students learn from the real thing.

Technology and Livelihood Education is more on hands on

competence that will enhance the student’s performance and at the

about its different areas.

Figure 2.2 presents the research paradigm of the study.

Input variables will the .qualification of TLE teachers in terms of:

Experiences in teaching TLE; Seminars attended relevant to TLE; and

Participation in technolympics., level of technical skills of students as to:

Knowledge; Manipulative skill and Working habits, quality of students in

TLE, Significance relationship between the qualification of TLE teachers

and the quality of students in TLE, Significance relationship between the

level of technical skills of students and the quality of students in TLE. In

teaching strategies used by the respondents, the teachers.

The output of this study was a Technical Skills Of Technology And

Livelihood Education Teachers And Students As Related To The Quality

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the Technical Skills Of Technology

And Livelihood Education Teachers And Students As Related To The

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: