Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BY
ABHISHEK MORRIS
1
CLEANING VALIDATION
Background
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Background
3
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Definition
4
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Examples of cGMP requirements
5
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Examples of cGMP requirements
6
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Examples of cGMP requirements
7
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Principle
10
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
General requirements
12
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Some general questions
Several questions should be addressed when evaluating the cleaning
process. For example:
wash?
13
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Some general questions
e) How variable are manual cleaning processes from batch
to
batch and product to product?
14
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Equipment cleaning strategies
Dedicated
Campaign
Common
15
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Some points to consider
18
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Residue detection
Visual checking
- Suitable for dedicated equipment
- Include in all protocols and routine monitoring
Chemical tests
- Specific methods such as; high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC), ion selective electrodes, flame
photometry, derivative UV spectroscopy, enzymatic detection
and titration
19
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Residue detection
Methods validation and recovery studies
20
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Residue detection
Chemical tests
a) Non-specific methods that detect the presence of a blend of
ingredients such as: total organic carbon, pH, and conductivity.
b) Specific methods. The FDA prefers specific methods, but
will accept non-specific methods with adequate rationales for
their use.
c) Chemical limits can be expressed as a maximum
concentration in the next product (ug/ml), amount per surface
area (ug/cm2), amount in a swab sample (ug or ug/ml),
maximum carryover in a train (mg or g), or concentration in
rinse water (ug/ml). There can be a calculated safety based
acceptance limit, a lower internal action level, and a lower
process control level based on actual manufacturing and
measuring experience.
21
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Residue detection
22
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Microbial considerations
a) Endotoxins
b) TAMC
c) The existence of conditions favourable to reproduction of
microorganisms (e.g. moisture, temperature, crevices and rough
surfaces) and
the time of storage should be considered. The aim should be to
prevent excessive microbial contamination.
23
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Microbial considerations
d) The period and when appropriate, conditions of
storage of equipment before cleaning and the time
between cleaning and equipment reuse, should form
part of the validation of cleaning procedures. This is
to provide confidence that routine cleaning and
storage of equipment does not allow microbial
proliferation.
24
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Detergent considerations
The efficiency of cleaning procedures for the removal of
detergent residues should be evaluated. Acceptable limits
should be defined for levels of detergent after cleaning. Ideally,
there should be no residues detected. The possibility of
detergent breakdown should be considered when validating
cleaning procedures.
25
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Detergent considerations
The composition of detergents should be known.
26
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Sampling methods principle
27
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Sampling methods principle
Rinse Samples
Rinse samples allow sampling of a large surface area. In
addition, inaccessible areas of equipment that cannot be
routinely disassembled can be evaluated. However,
consideration should be given to the
solubility of the contaminant.
28
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Sampling methods considerations
Swab samples
a) Reliable determination of residue
b) Locations must be carefully defined (use difficult to clean
locations).
c) Extrapolate sample area to whole area
d) Method recovery must be validated (e.g. spiking studies, recovery
target, LOD and LOQ, precision, linearity and selectivity)
Rinse samples
a) May be helpful where sites are inaccessible to swabs
b) Useful for cleaning agent residues
c) Must define volumes of rinse agent used
d) Method recovery must be validated
29
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Sampling method considerations
30
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits - principle
Establishment of Limits
31
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits - principle
33
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits - principle
34
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
35
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
36
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
37
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
38
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
i) This has its origins in the regulations that apply to food products
in
the US.
ii) Also used in the USP for hazardous substances, such as heavy
metals and impurities.
40
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Protocol
41
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Protocol
42
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Protocol
j) Data on recovery studies where appropriate,
43
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Equipment considerations
44
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
45
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
or,
46
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
47
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
Example 1
Let's suppose, for the present example, that we have two orally
administered products (A and B) manufactured using the same
equipment. Product A is formulated in two strength, a 500mg
dose and a 850mg dose, each dose is given once a day. The
maximum daily dose of Product B is 8 tablets and the batch
size is 320,000 tablets.
48
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
Example 1
The minimum daily dose of Product A, which is 500mg, is
used in the following calculation.
49
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
Example 2
50
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
Example 2
PRODUCT MAX
BATCH
DAILY DOSE mg
SIZE Kg
A 100 50
B 150 100
C 200 100
D 250 10
E 300 150
51
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
Example 2
The limits calculated will depend upon the specific
sequence of products manufactured, thus there are
20 different combinations and permutations of
possible manufacturing sequences for only a five-
product group. Even if the initial product is
specified, then there could be four other products
manufactured subsequently, thus four different
limits. For this reason, many companies use an
equation which takes into account the "worst case"
situations for all products in the same
group.
52
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
Example 2
If Product A is selected as the initial product. In
order to calculate a limit for carryover of product A
into any other product, we could use the following
equation:
MACO= (DTDA) x (WC#D)/SF
MACO = Maximum allowable carryover
DTDA = Daily therapeutic dose of product A
WC#D = Worst case # doses
SF = Safety factor (usually 1,000)
53
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
Example 2
The worst case number of doses in the following
product would be determined by a combination of
the largest daily dose (active plus excipients) of any
of the other product in the group and the smallest
batch size of any other product in the
group by the relationship:
54
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
Example 2
The data show in Slide 60 for the current group of five
products shows that Product E has the largest Daily Dose
Weight (300 mg) and Product D has the Smallest Batch Size
(10 Kg) of the product group. Thus the Worst Case Number of
Doses would be:
Worst case # doses = 10,000,000 mg = 33,333 doses
300 mg/dose
55
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
Example 2
The 10 Kg was converted to mg so that the units would agree.
This value would now be substituted back into the MACO
calculation with the following results:
56
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
Example 2
PRODUCT MACO for all products in group mg
A 333
B 990
C 3330
D 6660
E 16650
57
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
Example 3
The limit of Product A (which contains the most potent active)
in Product B (which contains the least number of maximum
daily doses per batch)
MACO = D x E mg
where:
D = The minimum daily dose of the smallest strength of
Product A
E = The maximum number of daily doses per batch of Product
B
58
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
Example 3
In a tablet product grouping product A is the most potent. One
thousandth of the minimum daily dose is 0.0006 mg.
59
ABHISHEK MORRIS
CLEANING VALIDATION
Selection of limits
Example 3
From swabbing, the total residue found on all common
equipment is 0.600 mg.
60
ABHISHEK MORRIS
THANKYOU
ABHISHEK MORRIS