Ansys Problems

Doddakallasandra, Kanakapura Road,
Bangalore-62
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COMPUTER AIDED MODELING AND ANALYSIS

LABORATORY - (06MEL67) MANUAL
City Engineering College Computer Aided Modeling &
Dept. of ME
Bangalore – 560 062 Analysis Lab
This is to certify that Ms/Mr. ............................................................................................................ has

satisfactorily completed the course of Computer Aided Modeling
and Analysis Lab (06 MEL 67) prescribed by V.T.U. For the VIth
semester B.E. In the year 20 - 20
NAME : ..................................................................
Reg.No. : …………………………………………..
Batch No. : …………………………………………..
Class Marks Signature of staff in charge
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06 MEL67 – COMPUTER AIDED MODELING & ANALYSIS LAB
S. No. # Contents Page. No.
1. General Steps For Solving Problems Using Ansys-11.0 4
PART - A
A. (1) Bar With Constant Cross sectional Area. 5
(2) Stepped Bar 7
(3) Bar with tapered cross sectional area. 10
B. Trusses 12
C. (1) Beams – Simply Supported Bema 16
(2) Beam with UDL 18
(3) Beam with UVL 20
PART - B
Stress analysis of a rectangular plate with a circular
A. 22
hole
Thermal Analysis – 2D problem with conduction &
B. 25
convection boundary conditions.
Fluid Flow Analysis – potential distribution in the 2-D
C. 29
bodies
D. Dynamic Analysis 34
(1) Fixed – fixed beam for natural frequency
37
determination
(2) Bar subjected to forcing function
(3) Fixed – fixed beam subjected to forcing function.
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GENERAL STEPS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS USING ANSYS – 11.0
1. Ansys Utility Menu

File – Clear and start new – Do not read file – pk
File – Change job name - Enter new job name – xxx – ok
FILE - change title – enter new title – YYY - ok
2. Ansys Main Menu – Preferences
Select – STRCTURAL – ok
3. Preprocessor
Element Type – select type of element from the table and the required
options.
Real constants – Give the details such as Thickness, Areas, Moment of
Inertia etc. required depending on the nature of the problem.
Material properties – select units – choose one of the following types of
unit.
USER – User defined system (default)
SI - International system (SI or MKS; m, kg, ˚K).
CGS - CGS system (cm, g, s, ˚C).
MPA - MPA system (mm, Mg, s, ˚C).
BFT - British system using feet (ft, slug, s, ˚F).
BIN - British system using inches (in, lbf*s2/in, s. ˚F).
Material Properties – Give the details such as Young’s modulus.
Poisson’s ratio etc. required depending on the nature of the problem.
4. Modeling
Create the required geometry such as nodes, elements, area, volume by
using the appropriate options.
5. Generate
Elements / nodes using Mesh tool if necessary (in 2-D and 3-D problems).
6. Apply the Boundry conditions/loads
Such as DOF constraints, Force. Momentum, Pressure etc.
7. Solution – Solve the problem.
8. General Post Processor – Plot / List the required results.
9. Plot ctrls – animate – deformed shape – def + undeformed – ok
10. To save the solution / geometry etc:
Ansys tool bar – Save – DB – File – save as – zzz.db – ok
11. To open the solution / geometry etc:
Ansys tool bar – Resume – DB – File – Resume from – zzz.db – ok
Plot – volume / area / elements / nodes to see the geometry.
PART – A
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A – Bars of constant cross section area
Problem No. – 1:
Consider the bar as shown in figure below. Determine
(1) The nodal displacement
(2) Reaction forces.
D ia = 5 0 m m
1500 N
300 m m
F in ite E le m e n t m o d e l:
1 2
1500 N
300 m m
Given: L = 300 mm, D = 50 mm

E = 2.1 * 105 N/mm2, F2 = 1500 N
By manual calculations we obtain;
(a) The displacements as; {d}T = [0 0.0010909] mm
(b) The stresses in each elements will be;
σ = 0.76363 N/mm2
(c) The reaction forces are; R1 = -1499.988 ≈ -1500 N
Procedural steps for solving:

File – Clear and start new – Do not read file – ok
File – Change job name – Enter new job name – xxx – ok
File – Change title – Enter new title – yyy – pk
Select – STRUCTURAL – OK
3. Preprocessor
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Element type – Add/Edit/Delet – Add – Beam 2D elastic 3 – ok – close

Real constants – Add – ok – real constant set no.1 for beam – real
constant set no. 1 for beam – cross sectional area – enter 1963.495
mm2; moment of inertia about z – 0.3068*106 mm4 – ok – close.
Material properties – Material Model - Material Model Number 1 –
Structural – double click – linear – double click – Elastic – Isotropic –
double click – 2E5 – (If required enter PXY) – ok - close
4. Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Nodes – in active CS – x.y.z location in CS (default
0.0.0) – apply – x.y.z location in CS – 300.0.0 – ok
Create – elements – elem attributes – Element type no – 1BEAM 3 –
Material no – 1 – Real const set no – 1 – ok – Auto numbered – thru
nodes – pick 1 & 2 – ok (elements are created through nodes)
5. Preprocessor
Loads – Define Loads -Apply –Structural displacement-on nodes –pick
node 1-apply –DOF to be constrained –ALL DOF –ok
Loads –define loads Apply - Force \ moment - on nodes - pick node3
apply direction of Force \ moment – FX - Force \ moment value -1000
(value) – ok
6. Ansys main Menu – solution
Solve – Solve current LS - ok (displayed) Solution is done is close
7. Ansys main menu – General post processor
List results
Noda! Solution favorites –nodal solution –X-component of
displacement –ok
(for displacement in X direction with the node number)
Stepped Bar
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Problem No. – 2:
Consider the bar as shown in figure below. Determine
(1) The nodal displacement
(2) Reaction forces.
E
5
6
500 N
600 mm 500 mm
Finite Elem ent m odel:
4 5 6
500 N
600 mm 500 mm
Given: E2 = 0.7*105 N/mm2, A2 = 600 mm2

E1 = 2.0 * 105 N/mm2, A1 = 900 mm2
3. Preprocessor
Real constants – Add – ok – real constant set no.1 for beam – cross
sectional area – enter ***; moment of inertia about z – **** – apply.
Real constants – Add – ok – real constant set no. 1 for beam – cross
sectional area – enter *** (value); moment of inertia about z – ****
double click – 2E5 – (If required enter PXY) – ok
Material Model Number 2 – Structural – double click – linear – double
click – Elastic – Isotropic – double click – 0.7E5 – (If required enter PXY)
– ok – close.
4. Preprocessor
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0.0.0) – apply (node 4 is created) – x.y.z location in CS – 600.0.0 – apply
(node 5 is created) – x, y, z location in CS – 1100.0.0 – ok (node 6 is
created)
nodes – pick 4 & 5 – ok (element 1 is created)
elements – elem attributes – Element type no – 1BEAM 3 – Material no –
2 – Real const set no – 2 – ok – Auto numbered – thru nodes – pick 5 & 6
– ok (element 2 is created).
5. Preprocessor
Loads –Define Loads -Apply –Structural displacement-on nodes –pick
Loads –define loads Apply - Force \ moment - on nodes - pick node 6
(value) – ok
List results
Nodal Solution favorites –nodal solution –X-component of
displacement –ok
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Bar of tapered cross section area
Problem No. – 3:
For the following bar, find the displacements. The cross sectional area
decreases linearly from 1000 mm2 to 500 mm2. Use two elements. Take E = 2 x
105 Mpa. ν = 0.3.
1
000m
m ² 5
00m
m ² F
initeE
leme
ntm
ode
l:
1
000N 3
1 2 1
000N
7
50m
m 3
75m
m 3
75m
m
Given: L = 300 mm, D = 50 mm

E = 2.1 * 105 N/mm2, F2 = 1500 N
3. Preprocessor
Element type – Add/Edit/Delet – Add – Beam 2D tapered 54 – ok –
close
Real constants – Add – ok – real constant set no.1 for beam – real
constant at beam end I – node I - cross sectional area – enter 1000 -
moment of inertia about z – 159.16 x 103 – real constant at beam end 2
– node J – cross sectional area – enter 750 – moment of inertia about z –
89.53 x 103 – apply.
Add – ok – real constant set no 2 for beam – real constant at beam end I
– node I – cross sectional area – enter 750 – moment of inertia about z –
89.53 x 103 – real constant at beam end 2 – node J – cross sectional area
– enter 500 – moment of inertia about z – 39.79 x 103 – ok – close.
double click – 2E5 – (If required enter PXY) – ok - close
4. Preprocessor
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0.0.0) – apply – x.y.z location in CS – 375.0.0 – apply – 750, 0, 0 - ok
nodes – pick 1 & 2 – apply – ele attributes – element type no – 1 BEAM
54 – Material no – 1 – real const set no – 2 – ok – auto numbered – thru
nodes – pick 2 & 3 - ok (elements are created through nodes)
5. Preprocessor
Loads – Define Loads -Apply –Structural displacement-on nodes –pick
Loads –define loads Apply - Force \ moment - on nodes - pick node3
(value) – ok
List results
Noda! Solution favorites –nodal solution –X-component of
displacement –ok
B - TRUSSES
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Problem Number 1:
Consider the four bar truss shown in figure. For the given data, find
(i) Stress in each element
(ii) Reaction forces
(iii) Nodal displacement.
6
E = 29.5 x 10 units; A = 1 units for all elements.
2 5 0 0 u n its
4 4 3
3 2
3 0 u n its
1 1 2
2 0 0 0 u n its
4 0 u n its

FILE – Clear and start new - do not read file – ok
FILE - change job name – enter new job name – XXX - ok
3. To define element;
Preprocessor: Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Link – 2D spar 1
– ok – close.
4. To define element Real constant:
Preprocessor: Real constants – Add – ok – real constant set no – 1 – c/s
area – 1 – ok.
5. To define element Material properties:

Preprocessor: Material properties – Material Model – Material Model
Number 1 – Structural – double click – Linear – double click – Elastic –
Isotropic – double click – 29.5E6 – (If required enter PXY = 0.3) – ok –
enter – close.
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6. To creat Nodes:
Preprocessor: Modeling – creat – Nodes – in active CS – now enter the
co-ordinates of the nodes to be created – apply [create first node by
entering 0,0,0 (x1, y1, z1) second node by 40,0,0 (x2, y2, z2) third node by
40,30,0 (x3, y3, z3) and fourth node by 0,30,0 (x4, y4, z4) respectively
along x, y, z direction location].
7. To create Elements:
Preprocessor: Modeling – create – elements – element attributes –
Element type no – 1; Link 1 – Material no – 1 – Real constant set no – 1
– ok.
Click – Auto numbered – thru nodes – pick node no 1 & node no 2 – apply
– pick node no 2 & node no 3 – apply – pick node no 3 & node no 1 –
apply – pick node no 3 & node no 4 – ok (elements are created through
nodes).
8. To apply boundary conditions:
Preprocessor: Loads – Define loads – Apply – Structural Displacement –
on nodes – pick nodes 1 & 4 – apply – click All DOF – ok.
Loads – Define loads – Apply – Structural Displacement – on nodes – pick
node 2 – apply – DOF to be constrained UY – ok.
9. To apply Loads:
Preprocessor: Loads – Define Loads – Apply – Force/Moment – on nodes
– pick node 2 – apply – direction of Force/Moment – FX – Force/Moment
value - +20,000 (positive value) – apply.
Preprocessor: Loads – Define Loads – Apply – Force/Moment – on nodes
– pick node 3 – apply – direction of Force/Moment – FY – Force/Moment
value - -25,000 (negative value) – ok.
10. To solve the problem:
Ansys Main Menu – Solution – solve current LS – ok (if every thing is ok
– solution is done is displayed) – close.
11. To interept the Result: General Post Processor
1. To plot the element stresses:
Ansys Main Menu – General Post Processor – Element table –
define table – add – results data item – By sequence num – select
LS – enter – LS1 – ok (to see the element stress)
General Post Processor – Element table – plot element table –
select LS1 – click ok.
General Post Processor – plot results – contour plots – Line
element results – element table item at node 1 – LS1 – element
table item at node J – LS1 – ok (stress diagram will be displayed).
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2. To plot Deformed Shape:

General Post Processor – plot results – deformed shape – pick
def + undeformed – ok (deformed + undeformed shape of truss will
be displayed).
3. To plot deformed shape:

Main menu – Plot ctrls – animate – deformed shape – def +
undeformed – ok.
4. To List the Nodal Solutions.
General Post Processor list results – Nodal solution – DOF solution –
x component – ok (Nodal displacements will be displayed).
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General Post Processor – list results – Reaction solution – items to

be listed – all items – ok (All reaction forces will be displayed
with the node numbers).
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C – Beams
Problem no – 1: Simply Supported Beam

Simply supported beam subjected to concentrated loads. Compute the
shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown and find the
reactions at the supports.
20 KN
1500 mm
2 3 4
1
3000 mm
4000 mm

File – Change title – Enter new title – yyy – ok
3. Preprocessor
Real constants – Add – ok – real constant set no.1– cross sectional area
– enter 200*300 mm2; area moment of inertia –200*300**3/12mm4 –
total beam height – 300 - ok – close.
double click – 2E5 – (If required enter PXY) – ok – close
4. Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Nodes – in active CS – apply (first node is created) –
x, y, z location in CS – 1500 (x value w.r.t first node) – apply (second
node is created) – 3000 (x value w.r.t first node) – apply (third node is
created) – 4000 (x value w.r.t first node) – ok
Create – elements – Auto numbered – thru nodes – pick 1 & 2 – apply –
pick 2 & 3 – apply - pick 3 & 4 - ok (elements are created through
nodes).
5. Preprocessor
Loads – define loads – apply – structural – Displacement – on nodes –
pick nodes 1 & 4 – apply – DOF to be constrained – UY – ok.
Loads – define loads – apply – Force – on beams – pick 2 & 3 – apply –
direction of force/moment – FY – force value - -20000 & -40000 - ok
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6. Ansys Main Menu – Solution

Solve – solve current LS – ok (if everything is ok – solution is done is
displayed) – close
7. Ansys Main Menu – General Post Processor
Element table – define table – add – results data item – By sequence
num – smisc – smisc 2 – apply – By sequence num – smisc – smisc 8
– apply – By sequence num – smisc – smisc 6 – apply – By sequence
num – smisc – smisc 12 – apply.
8. General Post Processor

Plot results – Contour plots – line elem results – element table item at
node I – smisc 2 – element table item at node J – smisc 8 – ok (shear
force diagram will be displayed) Line elem results – element table item at
node I – smisc 6 – element table item at node J – smisc 12 – ok (bending
moment diagram will be displayed)
Note:
For shear force diagram use the combination smisc 2 & smisc 8.
And for Bending Moment diagram use the combination smisc 6 & smisc 12.
List results
Noda! Solution favorites –nodal solution –X-component of displacement –ok
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Problem no. – 2: Beam with UDL

Simply supported beam with uniformly distributed load. (All dimensions in
mm.)
12 KN/m (UDL)
2 3
1
4000 mm
6000 mm

3. Preprocessor
4. Preprocessor
node is created) – 6000 (x value w.r.t first node) – ok (third node is
created)
Create – nodes – fill between Nodes – pick 1 & 2 – apply – no. of nodes
to fill – 7 – starting node no. – 4 – ok.
pick 4 & 5 - apply – pick 5 & 6 – apply – pick 6 & 7 apply – pick 7 & 8 –
apply – pick 8 & 9 – apply – pick 9 & 10 – apply – pick 10 & 2 – apply –
pick 2 & 3 – ok (elements are created through nodes).
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Note: Elements between nodes 1 & 2 also can be created with copy
option.
5. Preprocessor
Loads – define loads – apply – Pressure – on beams – pick all elements
between nodes 1 & 2 – apply – pressure value at node I – 12 (value) –
pressure value at node J – 12 (value) – ok

Note:
List results
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Problem no. – 3: Beam with UVL

Simply supported beam with uniformly varyuing load. (All dimensions in
mm.)
12KN/m(UDL)
2 3
1
4000mm
6000mm

3. Preprocessor
4. Preprocessor
node is created) – 4500 (x value w.r.t first node) – ok (third node is
created) – 6000 (x value w.r.t first node) - ok
pick 2 & 3 – apply – pick 3 & 4 - ok (elements are created through
nodes).
5. Preprocessor
Loads – define loads – apply – Pressure – on beams – pick elements
between nodes 1 & 2 – apply – pressure value at node I – 0 (value) –
pressure value at node J – 40(value) – ok – loads – apply – structural –
force – on nodes – pick node 3 – apply – FY - -80000 - ok
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Note:
List results
Reaction force:
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PART – B
A – Stress analysis of a rectangular plate with a circular hole.
In the plate with hole under plane stress find deformed shape of the
hole and determine the maximum stress distribution along A-B (you may use
t=10mm) E= 2 X 10 5 KN\mm 2 t=10mm poisson ratio =0.3. Diameter of circle
=40mm. Analysis assumption plane stress with thickness is used.
200
A
P =2000 N/mm ² 100
FOR 2-D and 3-D problems after the geometry has been created meshing is to
be done (elements \ nodes are created)

2. Ansys Main Menu - Preferences
3. Preprocessor
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Element Type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Solid – Quad 4 node / 8node –

42/82 – ok – option – element behavior k3 – plane stress with thickness
– ok – close.
Real constants – Add – THK – 10 – ok
Material properties – Material Model – Material Model Number 1 –
Structural – double click – Linear – double click – Elastic – Isotropic –
double click – 2E5 – (If required enter PXY = 0.3) – ok – enter – close
4. Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Areas – rectangle – by dimensions – X1, Y1, X2, Y2
= 0, 0, 200,100 – ok – create – areas – circle – solid circle – rad – 20 –
ok.
Operate – subtract – areas – pick area which is not to be deleted – apply
– pick area to be deleted (circle) - ok
Mesh tool – smart size on (select any value, say 4) – mesh – pick area to
be meshed – apply – if refining is required at some place – refine – select
box/circle – drag on the area – level of refinement – 2 – ok.
5. Preprocessor
Loads – Define loads – Apply – structural displacement – on nodes – box
– drag box left side of area (to pick all nodes) – apply – DOF to be
constrained – all DOF – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – pressure – on nodes – box – drag right
side of area (to pick all nodes) – apply – pressure value – (-2000) (value)
– ok – close.
Plot results – Counter Plots – Element solution – stress – Von mises
stress – ok (stress distribution diagram will be displayed)
Plot result – deformed shape – pick def + undeformed – ok (deformed +
undeformed shape will be displayed)
Plot ctrls – animate – deformed shape – def + undeformed – ok
Query results – nodal solution – stress – Von mises stress – ok – select
any location on area – value displayed.
List results – nodal solution – DOF solution – All DOF’s – ok – values
displayed – nodal solution – stress – Von mises stress – ok – values
displayed.
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B – Thermal Analysis
2 – D Problem with conduction and convection boundary conditions
Problem 1: For the composite wall idealized by the 1 – D model shown in

figure below, determine the interface temperatures. For element 1, let K1 = 5
W/m˚C, for element 2, K2 = 10 W/m˚C, and for element 3, K3 = 15 W/m˚C.
The left end has a constant temperature of 200˚C and the right end has a
constant temperature of 600˚C.
T1 =20
0°C T4 =60
0°C A=0.1m ²
1 2 3
0
.1m 0
.1m 0
.1m
Solution:
Finite Element Model:
t1 t2 t3 t4
0
.1m 0
.1m 0
.1m

Select – THERMAL – ok
3. Preprocessor
Element Type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Link – 2-D conduction – 32 –
ok – close
Real constants – Add/Edit/Delete - Add – type 1 – link 32 – real
constant set no 1 – cross sectional area – enter – 0.1 – ok - close
Material properties – Material Models – Material Model Number 1 –
Thermal – conductivity – isotropic – conductivity for material – thermal
conductivity (Kxx) – 5 – ok – material – new model – define material 1D –
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2 – ok – thermal – conductivity – isotropic – conductivity for material –

thermal conductivity (Kxx) – 10 – ok – material – new model – define
material 1D – 3 – ok – thermal – conductivity – isotropic – conductivity
for material – thermal conductivity (Kxx) – 15 – ok – close.
4. Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Nodes – in active CS – x, y, z location in CS – 0, 0,
0 (x,y,z value w.r.t first node) – apply (first node is created) – 0.1, 0,0 –
apply (second node is created) – 0.2,0,0 – apply (third node is created) –
0.3,0,0 – apply (fourth node is created) - ok
Create – elements – element attributes – select material number – 1 –
real constant set number – 1 – Auto numbered – thru nodes – pick nodes
1 & 2 (element 1 is created) – ok – element attributes – select material
number – 2 – real constant set number – 1 – Auto numbered – thru
nodes – pick 2 & 3 (element 2 is created) – ok – element attributes –
select material number – 3 – real constant set number – 1 – Auto
numbered – thru nodes – pick 3 & 4 (element 3 is created) – ok
5. Loads
Define Loads – Apply – thermal – select temperature – on nodes – pick
node 1 – apply – select – TEMP – value - 200 – apply – pick node 4 -
apply – select – TEMP – value – 600 – ok
6. Ansys Main Menu
Solution – Solve current LS – ok (if everything is ok – solution is done is
displayed) – close.
7. Ansys Main Menu
General Post Processor – Plot results – Contour plots – Nodal solution
– DOF solution – temp – ok (Temperature distribution plot)
List Result – nodal solution – DOF solution - temp – ok (Temperature at
all nodes will be created)
Plotctrls – Animate – Deformed results – DOF solution – Temperature –
ok (for animation).
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Problem 2:
For the body shown in fig determine the temperature distribution the body is
insulated along top and bottom edges
9 8 7
-20°C
40°C 4 5 6
5 cm
1 2 3
4.0 cm 4.0 cm
Solution:
Select – THERMAL – ok
3. Preprocessor
Element Type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – solid quad 4 node 55 ok –
close
Real constants – no real constants
Material properties – Material Models – Material Model Number 1 –
Thermal – conductivity – isotropic – conductivity for material – thermal
conductivity (Kxx) – 1.7307– ok – close
4. Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Nodes – in active CS – x, y, z location in CS – 0, 0,
0 (x,y,z value w.r.t first node) – apply (first node is created) –4 , 0,0 –
apply (second node is created) –8,0,0 – apply (third node is created) –
0,2.5,0 – apply (fourth node is created) –2,2.5,0 – apply (fifth node is
created) 8,2.5,0 – apply (sixth node is created)- 8,5,0 – apply (seventh
node is created) 4,5,0 – apply (eighth node is created)0,5,0 – apply
(ninth node is created) - ok
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Create – elements – element attributes – select material number – 1 –

Auto numbered – thru nodes – pick nodes 1 ,2,5,4 (element 1 is created)
– ok – pick 2 ,3,6,5 (element 2 is created) – ok – pick 4,5,8,9 (element 3
is created) –pick 5, 6, 7, 8 (element 4 is created) ok
5. Preprocessor:
Loads – define loads – apply- thermal – temperature- on nodes- pick
inner surface – apply- temp- 40- ok
Loads – define loads – apply- thermal – temperature- on nodes- pick
-outer surface – apply- temp- 20- ok
Loads-define loads – apply – thermal – heat flux – on nodes- pick – top
surface – apply – heat flux -0 (value) – apply – heat flux- on nodes- pick
bottom surface – apply – heat flux – 0-ok
6. Ansys main menu
Solution – solve- current LS – ok (if everything is ok – solution is done is
displayed) – close.
6. Ansys main menu
General postprocessor – plot result – contour plots – nodual solution -
DOF solutions- temp – ok.
List result – nodual solution- temp-ok
Plot controls – animate - deformed result – DOF solution - temp – ok.
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C – Fluid Flow Analysis

Potential Distribution in the 2-D Bodies
Problem 1: (Flow over the cylinder)

Atmospheric air at 20˚C flows with a velocity of 5 mm/s over a long
horizontal cylinder of diameter 25 cm. Compute and plot the velocity
distribution of air over the cylinder. The cylinder is 0.25 m in diameter.
Considering symmetry about horizontal, only the upper half of the cylinder is
computed. The results are assumed to be the same below the x axis (axis of
symmetry). The arbitrary flow area considered is 2 m by 0.5 m. The velocity of
the air at infinite distance from the plate is 5 mm/s (0.005m/s) (Laminar flow).
D=0.25 m
0.5 m
0.005 m/s
2m

Select – Flotran CFD – H method – ok
3. Preprocessor
Element Type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Element type – Flotran CFD –
2D Flotran 141 – ok
4. Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Areas – Rectangle – By 2 corners – x = 0, y = 0,
width = 2, height = 0.5 – ok
Create – Areas – circle – Solid circle – x = -5, y = 0, radius = 0.25 – ok
Operate – Booleans – Subtract – Areas – pick the rectangle – ok and
then pick the circle by above method – ok
5. Preprocessor
Meshing – Size controls – Lines – All lines – Element edge length – 0.02
– ok
Mesh – Areas – Free – Pick the Element – ok
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6. Preprocessor
Flotran set up – Fluid properties – select density – Air-SI, velocity – Air-
SI, Conductivity – constant, Specific heat – constant – ok – in CFD flow
properties enter constant value for conductivity and specific heat = -1 –
ok.
7. From the menu bar – select plot – lines – ok
8. Preprocessor
Loads – define loads – apply – fluid/CFD – velocity – on lines – pick the
lines (pick left and top lines) – ok – apply VX load – constant value, VX
load value – 0.005, VY load value – 0, VZ load – constant value, VZ load
value – 0 – ok
Loads – Define loads – apply – Fluid/CFD – velocity - on lines – pick the
bottom line with out picking curve – ok – VX load value – 0, VY load value
– 0 – ok.
Loads – Define loads – apply – Fluid/CFD – velocity – on the lines – pick
the curve – ok, put VX load value – 0, VY load value – 0 – ok.
Loads – define loads – apply – fluid/CFD – pressure DOF – on the lines –
pick the right line – ok, apply pressure on the line – constant value,
pressure value – 0 – ok.
9. Preprocessor
Solution – execution control – enter global iteration – 1000, VX velocity
component – 0.01, VY component – 0.01, VZ component – 0.01, pressure
– 1e-008, temperature – 1e-008, turbulent kinetic energy – 0.01,
turbulent dissipation – 0.01, output summary frequency – 10 – ok
Solution – Run Flotran (Flotran solution with a graph will appear) –
solution is done – close.
Read result – Last set
Plot result – Contour plot – nodal solution – DOF solution – select fluid
velocity, deformed shape only – ok (study the nodal solution of graph).
Plot results – vector plot – predefined – select DOF solution – velocity V
– vector mode – element centroid – vector scaling – magnitude based –
ok (study the predefined vector plot)
Plot result – Define trace point – pick the different elements inside the
boundary – ok, from the menu bar select plotctrls – animate – particle
flow – number of frames to create – 10, time delay – 0.1, spacing and
size factor – 1, particle length factor – 0.2, maximum number of loops –
25, select DOF solution - velocity VX – ok, study the animation graph
and close.
30
Dept. of ME
Problem 2: (Flow over a flat plate)

Atmospheric air flows over a flat plate with a velocity of 0.5 m/s.
Compute and plot the velocity boundary layer for flow of air over the plate and
find velocity distribution at a distance of 0.5 m from the leading edge. Assume
the plate is 1m long. The arbitrary flow area considered is 1m by 0.25 m. The
free stream velocity of the air is 0.5 m/s. Atmospheric pressure is assumed on
all faces except the face where velocity is input into the system.
0.25m
y
x
0.5m/s
1m

Select – Flotran CFD – H method – ok
3. Preprocessor
Element Type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Element type – Flotran CFD –
2D Flotran 141 – ok
4. Preprocessor
Modeling – Create – Areas – Rectangle – By 2 corners – x = 0, y = 0,
width = 1, height = -0.25 – ok
5. Preprocessor
Meshing – size control – manual size – lines – picked lines – pick the
bottom and top line – ok – enter number of element divisions – 50 –
apply – now select the front line and back line – ok – enter the number of
element divisions – 100 – spacing ratio – 10 – ok
Meshing – size control – manual size – lines - flip bias – pick all lines –
ok.
Meshing – mesh tool – mesh – areas - free – select the area – ok
(observe the mesh)
6. Preprocessor
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Dept. of ME
Flotran setup – fluid properties – enter density – AIR-SI – ok – (in CFD

flow properties dialog box), viscosity property constant value – 0.5,
conductivity constant value – (-1) and specific heat constant value – (-1)
– ok
7. Preprocessor
Loads – define loads – apply – fluid/CFD – velocity – on lines – pick the
front line and the top line – apply – enter VX load value – 0.5, VY value –
0, VZ value – 0 – apply to end points – click yes – ok
Loads - define loads – apply – fluid/CFD – velocity – on lines – pick the
bottom lines – ok – enter VX load value – 0, VY value – 0, VZ value – 0 –
apply to end points – click yes – ok
Loads - define loads – apply – fluid/CFD – pressure DOF – on lines –
select the right corner line – ok – enter pressure value – 0, apply to end
points – click yes – ok.
8. From Menu bar select plot – lines – all lines – ok
9. Solution
Flotran setup – execution control – enter global iterations – 400 – VX,
VY, VZ velocity component – 0.01 – pressure and temperature – 1e-008
– turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent descipation – 0.01 – output
summary frequency – 10 – ok
Run Flotran – solution is done – close (study the graph)
10. General Post processor

Read result – last set – ok
Plot result – contour plot – nodal solution – select dof solution and fluid
velocity, deformed shape only – ok (study the graph)
Plot result – vector plot – predefined – select dof solution, velocity v –
enter scale factor multiplier – 0.4 – ok (study the graph)
Select entities – nodes – by location – x co-ordinates – min max – 0.5 –
ok
From the menu bar – select plot – nodes – pick the points inside the
boundary - study the graph
From the menu bar – select plot controls – animate – particle flow.
Path operations – define path – by nodes – pick the two nodes – ok –
enter – the path name – x 50, number of date sets – 30 and number of
divisions – 20 – ok
Map on to path – select velocity from the user label – dof solution –
velocity VX – ok
Path operation - plot path item – on graph (study the graph)
List results – path item – select velocity – ok – observe the path
variable summary.
32
Dept. of ME
v e lo c ity d is tr ib u t io n . x = 5 m
0 .0 6
0 .0 5
0 .0 4
distance
0 .0 3
0 .0 2
0 .0 1
0 .0 0 E + 0 01 .0 0 E -0 12 .0 0 E - 0 13 .0 0 E -0 14 .0 0 E -0 15 .0 0 E -0 16 .0 0 E -0 1
V e lo c ity , m / s
33
Dept. of ME
Dynamic Analysis
Modal Analysis of a Fixed –Fixed Beam
Aim: To determine the natural frequencies (Eigen values) and corresponding

mode shapes (Eigenvectors) of a given fixed beam
Introduction
This tutorial is created using ANSYS 9.0.The purpose of this tutorial is to outline
the steps required to the do the simple model of fixed –fixed beam-shown
below five lowest natural frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes of
the beam are obtained
11
Modules of elasticity E= 2.068X10 N / m2
Poisson s ratio =µ=0.3
Density, α=7830kg/m3
Preprocessing :
Define Analysis Type:
Solution -analysis type -new analysis-model
Creation of Fixed Beam used in Modal Analysis
Creation of any beam can be obtained through GUI (Graphic User
Interface) of ANSYSS using the following steps
1. Open Preprocessor Menu
2. Give example a Title
Utility menu -file change title
Enter fixed –fixed beam for the title
3. Give example a job name
Utility menu -file change job name
Enter dynamic for the job name
4. Define Element Types
Preprocessor -Element type -Add/ Edit/ Delete
For this problem the BEAM 3(Beam2Delastic) element is used this
element has 3d of (i.e. translation along X and Y axes and rotation about
Z axis) with only 3d of the BEAM3element can be used in analysis.
34
Dept. of ME
5. Define Real Constants

Preprocessor- Real Constants-Add.
In the Real Constants for BEAM3window enter the flowing geometric
properties.
i. Cross sectional area AERA :0.001x0.001=0.0001M2
ii. Area moment of Inertia
I ZZ bd 3
= 8.33 e −10 m 4
12
iii. Total beam height HEGHT: 0. 01m
6. Define Element Material Properties
Preprocessor-material props -Material Models -Structural -Linear - Elastic
- isotropic In the window that appears enter the following material
properties of the beam (here it is steel)
i. Young s modules EX:2.068e11
ii. Passions Ratio PRXY :0.3
To enter density of the material double click on linear followed by density
in the define material model behavior window and enter a density of 7830
7. Create Key Points
Preprocessor-modeling - create - key points - in active cs
Define 2 key points (the beam vertices) for this structure along with the
coordinates as given in the flowing table
Key Coordinates(x,y,z)
point
1 (0,0,0)
2 1,0,0)
8. Define Lines
Preprocessor-modeling - create - Lines-straight line
Create a line between key point 1and key points 2
9. Define Mesh Size
Preprocessor-meshing - size cntrls - manual size - lines - all lines
10. Mesh the Frame
Preprocessor-meshing -mesh - lines - click pick all in the small window
appears
Solution
Solution –analysis type-analysis options-change subspace –enter 5 no of
modes to extract-expand modes shapes and enter 5 no of modes to
expand – ok
Apply constrain
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Dept. of ME
Solution-define loads- apply- structural -displacement-on key points-fix

all the key points of no 1 and 2
Solution-solve –current ls-solve
Post Processing
General post proc-result summery
To view mode shapes

General postproc-read results-first set
General postproc-plot results-deformed shapes
General postproc-read results-next set
General postproc-plot results-deformed shapes
Animate mode shapes
Utility menu-plotctrls-animate-mode shapes
Fixed – Fixed Beam For Natural Frequency Determination
36
Dept. of ME
The simple harmonic analysis of a fixed-fixed beam subjected to cyclic

load as shown below.
F
(t)
0
.5m
0
.01m
1
.0m
0
.01m
E = 2.068E+11 N/mm2 ; Poisson’s ratio = 0.3; Density = 7830 kg/m3;

Magnitude = 100 N; Frequency range = 0 – 300 Hz;
Preprocessing:
1. Solution – analysis type – new analysis – harmonic
2. Preprocessor - Element type - Add/ Edit/ Delete
For this problem the BEAM 3(Beam2Delastic) element is used this
element has 3d of (i.e. translation along X and Y axes and rotation about
Z axis) with only 3dof the BEAM3element can be used in analysis.
3 Define Real Constants

Preprocessor - Real Constants-Add.
In the Real Constants for BEAM3window enter the flowing geometric
properties.
i. Cross sectional area AERA :0.001x0.001=0.0001M2
ii. Area moment of Inertia
iii. Total beam height HEGHT: 0. 01m
4. Define Element Material Properties
Preprocessor-material props -Material Models -Structural -Linear - Elastic
- isotropic In the window that appears enter the following material
properties of the beam (here it is steel)
i. Young s modules EX:2.068e11
ii. Passions Ratio PRXY :0.3
To enter density of the material double click on linear followed by density
in the define material model behavior window and enter a density of 7830
5. Create Key Points
Preprocessor - modeling - create - key points - in active cs
Define 2 key points (the beam vertices) for this structure along with the
coordinates as given in the flowing table
Key Coordinates(x,y,z)
point
1 (0,0,0)
2 1,0,0)
6. Define Lines
37
Dept. of ME
Preprocessor - modeling - create – Lines - straight line

Create a line between key point 1and key points 2
7. Define Mesh Size
Preprocessor-meshing -size cntrls - manual size -lines -all lines
8. Mesh the Frame
Preprocessor-meshing -mesh - lines -click pick all in the small window
appears
Solution
1. Solution – analysis type – analysis option – select full solution method
the real + imaginary DOF – ok
2. Solution – define loads – apply – structural – displacement – on nodes –
pick key point no – 1 and 2 – all DOF – ok
3. Solution - define loads –apply – structural – force moment – pick centre
node (x = 0.5) – direction FY – value real part of force/moment – 100 –
ok
4. set of frequency range
solution – load step Opts – time / frequency – freq and sub steps –
harmonic frequency range – 0-300 – number of sub steps – 300 –
stepped - ok
5. solution – solve – current LS
Viewing the result
Time hist processing – variable viewer (the following window will pop up)
Select from the window – nodal solution – DOF solution – Y component – ok
38
Dept. of ME
Graphically select the node 2 when prompted and click ok – the time history
variable window will appear.
Time history variable – list – following window will be appear
Plot UY Vs frequency
Time variable window – plot – than graph will be plotted
Select utility menu - plot control – style – graph – modify axis – change the
Y axis scale to logarithmic.
Select utility menu – plot – re-plot
39
Dept. of ME
VIVA QUESTIONS
40
Dept. of ME
1. What is stress, strain, deformation?

2. What is yield point, ultimate point?
3. What is poisons ratio?
4. What is an elastic constant?
5. What is young’s modulus, rigidity modulus, bulk modulus?
6. What is lateral and longitudinal strain?
7. What is shear force, bending moment?
8. What is slope and deflection?
9. Write polar modulus rigidity?
10. What is section modulus?
11. Write moment of inertia for circular, rectangular, hollow rectangular and
hollow circular section?
12. What is normal stress, shear stress?
13. What is compound stress?
14. What is principal stress?
15. What is principal plane?
16. Explain theories of failure?
17. What is maximum principal stress theory?
18. What is maximum shear stress?
19. What is distortion energy?
20. What is strain energy?
21. What is fatigue?
22. What is endurance stress?
23. What is stress concentration?
24. What are methods to avoid stress concentration?
25. Explain material properties that are strength, stiffness, ductility,
malleability?
26. What is factor of safety?
27. What is working stress?
28. What is resilience?
29. What is proof stress?
30. What is laminar flow, intermediate flow, turbulent flow?
31. Define Reynolds number?
32. Define Nusselt number?
33. Explain with formula conduction, convection and radiation?
34. Define heat flux.
35. Define thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient with equations.
36. Define steady state.
37. Define convective heat flux.
38. Define evaporation.
39. Define film coefficient of heat transfer.
40. What are the equations used for solving the pin film problems?
41. Define thermal diffusivity.
41
Dept. of ME
42. Define thermal resistance, contact resistance, convective thermal

resistance.
43. Explain Fourier heart conduction?
44. What is Newton’s law of heat transfer?
45. Explain Stephan-Boltzman law of radiation.
46. Explain rate of heat transfer through composite material with a heat
source?
47. What is CST element?
48. What is proportionality limit?
49. Difference between structured & unstructured mesh?
50. What is the difference between conventional method and finite element
method in the design process?
51. What are the different types of modeling?
52. Difference between wire frame modeling, surface modeling and solid
modeling?
53. What are the advantages of solid modeling?
54. What is the difference between constructive solid geometry and boundary
representation type solid modeling?
55. What is meant by transformation? Give examples.
56. What are the steps involved in finite element methods.
57. What is the difference between 1d, 2d, 3d elements?
58. Give examples for 2d, 3d elements.
59. What is meant by discretisation?
60. What is meant by shape function?
61. Name commercially available FEM packages.
62. What are the different modules available in FEM software?
63. What is the role of preprocessor?
64. What is the role of solver?
65. What is the role of General Post processor?
66. What is convergence and divergence?
67. What is meant by stiffness matrix?
68. What are the properties of a stiffness matrix?
69. What is the difference between FDM and FEM?
70. What is the difference between static and dynamic problem?
71. What is the governing equation for structural problem?
72. Give the equation for conservation of mass, moment and energy.
73. Give examples for higher order elements.
74. What are the different equations for Gaussian elimination method and
penalty method?
42

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Doddakallasandra, Kanakapura Road,

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COMPUTER AIDED MODELING AND ANALYSIS

This is to certify that Ms/Mr. ............................................................................................................ has

Class Marks Signature of staff in charge

06 MEL67 – COMPUTER AIDED MODELING & ANALYSIS LAB

S. No. # Contents Page. No.

1. General Steps For Solving Problems Using Ansys-11.0 4

A. (1) Bar With Constant Cross sectional Area. 5

(2) Stepped Bar 7

(3) Bar with tapered cross sectional area. 10

C. (1) Beams – Simply Supported Bema 16

(2) Beam with UDL 18

(3) Beam with UVL 20

(3) Fixed – fixed beam subjected to forcing function.

GENERAL STEPS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS USING ANSYS – 11.0

1. Ansys Utility Menu

A – Bars of constant cross section area

Given: L = 300 mm, D = 50 mm

Procedural steps for solving:

Element type – Add/Edit/Delet – Add – Beam 2D elastic 3 – ok – close

Finite Elem ent m odel:

Given: E2 = 0.7*105 N/mm2, A2 = 600 mm2

Modeling – Create – Nodes – in active CS – x.y.z location in CS (default

Bar of tapered cross section area

Given: L = 300 mm, D = 50 mm

Modeling – Create – Nodes – in active CS – x.y.z location in CS (default

Procedural steps for solving:

5. To define element Material properties:

2. To plot Deformed Shape:

3. To plot deformed shape:

General Post Processor – list results – Reaction solution – items to

Problem no – 1: Simply Supported Beam

Procedural steps for solving:

6. Ansys Main Menu – Solution

8. General Post Processor

Problem no. – 2: Beam with UDL

Procedural steps for solving:

8. General Post Processor

Problem no. – 3: Beam with UVL

Procedural steps for solving:

6. Ansys Main Menu – Solution

8. General Post Processor

P =2000 N/mm ² 100

Procedural steps for solving:

Element Type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Solid – Quad 4 node / 8node –

2 – D Problem with conduction and convection boundary conditions

Problem 1: For the composite wall idealized by the 1 – D model shown in

Procedural steps for solving:

2 – ok – thermal – conductivity – isotropic – conductivity for material –

Create – elements – element attributes – select material number – 1 –

C – Fluid Flow Analysis

Problem 1: (Flow over the cylinder)

Procedural steps for solving:

Problem 2: (Flow over a flat plate)

Procedural steps for solving:

Flotran setup – fluid properties – enter density – AIR-SI – ok – (in CFD

10. General Post processor

Modal Analysis of a Fixed –Fixed Beam

Aim: To determine the natural frequencies (Eigen values) and corresponding

5. Define Real Constants

Solution-define loads- apply- structural -displacement-on key points-fix

To view mode shapes