TABEL OF CONTENTES PAGES

1.Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1.BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.2. STATEMENT OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………………………………………………………….3

1.3.RESEARCH QUESTIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………4

1.4.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY……………………………………………………………………………………………………..4

1.5.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY………………………………………………………………………………………………….5

1.6.SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………………………………………5

1.7METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7

1.8.LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………………………………………………………………………8

Proposal On: Assessment of Road traffic Accident in Addis Ababa city

Administration
 Addis Ababa University

College of Business and Economics

DEPARTMENT: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT

MANAGEMENT(PADM)

ADDIS ABABA

JUNE , 2016

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Human beings are scattered in different areas of the world. The world is created with
uneven distribution of resources which causes people to move from place to place to meet
the spatial variation of resources. But thus process involves the use of transportation
services, an indispensable part of human lives, such as to transport people, goods and to
provide recreational activities.

Road transportation is the most dominant mode of transportation system in developing

countries. Since it is abundant type of transportation system in these nations; it has crucial
role in facilitating speedy communication, and create markets for rural farmers’ surplus
products at the right time (Bezinaw, 2011:1).

Land transportation system has become a crucial component of modernity, by speeding up

communication and transport of people and goods , they have generated a revolution in
contemporary economic and social relations. However, incorporating new technology is not
without cost, such as urban stress are directly linked to modern land transport system
(Addis Ababa Traffic police Bureau ,2004 ,” cause and consequence of road traffic
accident”).
Road transportation provides benefits both to nations and to individuals by facilitating the
movement of goods and people. It enables increased access to jobs, economic markets,
education, recreation and health care which in turn have direct and indirect positive impacts
on the health of populations. However, the increase in road transportation has also placed a
considerable burden on people’s health in the form of road traffic injuries, respiratory illness
and the health consequences that ensure from a reduction in physical activity.

There are additional negative economic, social and environmental consequences that arise
from the movement of people and goods on the roads such as air pollution, green house gas
emissions, consumption of finite resources community severance and noise (Addis Ababa
Traffic Police Bureau, 2009, the volume of road traffic accident in Addis Ababa city
administration).

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are the most destructive to human (death and injuries) and
non- human capital. Though, road traffic accidents occur all over the world, the situations is
more severe in developing countries. In low income countries the situation is made worse
by unplanned urbanization, absence of adequate infrastructure in cities, together with the
lack of legal regulatory framework; make the exponential rise in the number of road traffic
accident (Luis, 2004).

Low income countries and middle income countries have higher road fatality rates (21.5 and
19.5 per 100,000 populations respectively) than high income countries (10.3 per 100,000
populations). That means, over 90% of the world fatalities on the road occurs in low income
and middle income countries, which have only 48% of world’s registered vehicle (Addis
Ababa Traffic Police Bureau , 2009, the gross loss of economies caused by road traffic
accident).
Road traffic accident shows a steep socio- economic gradient, those from disadvantaged
backgrounds at higher risk than their more affluent counterparts.
The economic cost of road traffic accident crashes and injuries is estimated to be 1 % of
Gross National Product (GNP) in low income countries and 1.5 % in middle income
countries. Low income and middle income countries accounts for US $65 billion, more than
they receive in the development assistance (Addis Ababa Traffic Police Bureau Report,
2004).

Many African countries and other less developed countries are giving more priority to
construction and expansion of roads. In spite of these, road traffic accident are increasing at
a higher rate .The highest where found in African countries, particularly Ethiopia, Lesotho,
and Tanzania (Addis Ababa Transport Authority Report, 2011).
Road traffic accidents are ranked among tenth cause of death .Thus involves public health
problems particularly vulnerable groups of road user, including the poor. The average
hospital stay is longer than many other diseases and the stay in hospital is associated with
the severity of accidents. Within this connection 40% of adult surgical beds of hospital in
developing countries are occupied by motor vehicle (Addis Ababa Police Commission and
Addis Ababa Traffic Police Bureau Annual Report on road traffic accident2009).That means
victims of road traffic accident occupy near to half of hospital.

According to Addis Ababa Traffic Police Bureau Report, April 2014, road traffic accident
adjusted death rate is 37.83% per 100,000 populations, ranks Ethiopia number 12 and
fatalities have increased by 10% from the year 1999-2014.
Pedestrian injury on the road is a problem that has increased at the global level and
disproportionately attributable to list developed countries. The social and economic impact
of road traffic accident is not well understood in less developed countries. This implies that
road safety issues requires immediate attention of researcher, professions and politicians.
Less developed countries are embarked in achieving the millennium development goals in
2015 as primary objectives. However, the goal does not implicitly include road safety. It is
also true that the growth and transformation plan1 and 2 of Ethiopia are not implicitly
included road safety on the plan; it will have negative impact on the achievement of growth
and transformation plan.

Since Addis Ababa is the capital city of Ethiopia, majority of the vehicles are concentrating
and majority of road traffic accident are occur in Addis Ababa. From (2007----2014), 66,953
accident were registered. Out of this 10953 was death, 30,000 all heavy bodily injured and
20,000 accidents brought property damage. This shows that road traffic accidents is
destructive to least developing countries and affect development process directly or
indirectly (Addis Ababa Traffic Police Bureau, 2014, the volume of road traffic accident )

1.2 Statement of the study

Today road traffic accident is one of the major factors that bring death next to natural factor
in Sub Saharan Africa countries, particularly in Ethiopia.
As Ethiopia is developing country, there is worst traffic accidents, which has created great
economic losses and social problem, that retards its development process by reducing the
labor forces, destroying infrastructure and property of the public’s.

According Addis Ababa Traffic Police Bureau Report 2014, those physically disabled as result
of Motor vehicle collision often face stigma and discrimination which can lead to social,
educational, occupational and financial deprivation and many have mental health
consequences such as post – traumatic stress, disorder, phobias, anxiety and depression.
 The injuries and disabilities resulting from road traffic accident crashes put a significant
drain on economies and it is damaging, particularly for county struggling with poverty
alleviation and the overall challenges of development because economically active age
groups are the most vulnerable to such injuries which are the breadwinner of the family
(Addis Ababa traffic police Bureau, 2014 , Mining of road traffic accident in Addis Ababa city
administration ).

Out of all accidents registered in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa accounts about 60% of on average.
This is because many new roads are becoming dangerous to traffic flow and it has great
contacts through all its gates with different region everyday and has high Motor vehicle and
population size compared to other regions (Addis Ababa Traffic police Bureau report, 2014)

According to Addis Ababa traffic police, report in 2014 Addis Ababa incurs 8,708,695 birr in a
year. It is a huge loss for developing countries, it is used for other projects such as road
construction, education, public health and so on; it has little marginal contribution to
development process of Ethiopia in general and Addis Ababa in particular.

As finding show that road traffic accident highly affects young and adults, which play crucial
role in the economy but they are disabled, morbid and death. Each life is precious, how
much is life cost? There is no equivalent value to life. But, traffic accidents destruct personal
life and material capital.

While the number of Motor vehicles in least developed countries are far less than
developed countries, but the accident and the volume as well as the impacts of it are higher
in least developed countries than developed countries. How these paradoxes arise? This is
particularly true in Ethiopia, which needs active policy responses, since its trends are
continuously increasing. For illustration in
2004(10189),2005(10192),2006(11014),2007(11082),2008(11089),2009(11096),2010(12001
),2011(12005),2012(14529),2013(15815),2014(15973) accidents were registered in Addis
Ababa city.
1.3 Research Questions
1. What is the magnitude and trends of road traffic accidents in Addis Ababa city?
2. What factors contributed to road traffic accidents in Addis Ababa city?
3. How much is the crude economic estimates of loss due to road traffic accidents?
4. Why road traffic accident is varied from place to place in Addis Ababa city?
5. How the economic losses of road traffic accidents are valuated?

1.4 Objectives of the study

 The general objectives are to find out the major volumes, causes, trends and consequences of road
traffic accident in Addis Ababa.
The specific objectives are:
1) To show the magnitude and trends of road traffic accidents in Addis Ababa
2) To show factors contributing to road traffic accidents in Addis Ababa
3) To show the crude economic estimates of loss due to road traffic accident in Addis Ababa
4) To identify the most vulnerable sections of population by road traffic accidents in Addis Ababa
city
5) To show the spatial variation of road traffic accidents in Addis Ababa city

1.5 Significance of the study

Road traffic accident is a major causes for public health problem and resource loss, because of man
power reduction, money spent for hospital, time spent for rehabilitation and infrastructural damage. So
this study will give a piece of information regarding factors that cause road traffic accident, distribution,
trends, and economic loss to different bodies such as individuals, institutions and society is also
concerned on the study of road traffic accident in Addis Ababa.

The research will be used for policy makers;

 It will be used for formulating appropriate laws and regulation based on the research findings
 It will be used to assign traffic police in areas where more traffic accidents are occurred as the
research say on the findings.
It will also be used as a reference for the researchers those who wants to undertake extra
findings through research.

Furthermore, it provides information to concerned bodies to formulate better traffic laws, to label roads
with clear and understandable manner and signs. If there is someone who is interested in this area, it
will provide some insights for further studies.

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the study

Even though, road traffic accident is the problem of the country, this study is mainly hold in Addis
Ababa city. This is because the high concentration of economic activities, traffic congestion and high
traffic problem.

The study focus on trend, distribution, causes and other related economic loss of road traffic
accidents in Addis Ababa, it is not incorporate environmental effect, psychological effect and other
effects.

This study is limited to Addis Ababa; this is due to time, financial resources and man power
constraints. It is also limited to time series data from 1999 to 2014, and the data collected may be
 found missing from the record as we go back to past periods (no computerized maintaining, it is
recorded in manual forms).

1.7 Methodology (method of the study and data analysis)

In order to undertake the paper, secondary data sources are used secondary data sources will provide
information by an answering the research questions stated above and meet the objectives of the
research. But, due to time and financial constraints primary data sources will not be used. These sources
will collect from Addis Ababa Traffic Police Bureau, Addis Ababa Transport Authority and from other
books, reports, journals and websites.

To analyze the data, descriptive type of data analysis will used to for the study and also various tables,
graphs, and percentages for the data presentations are applicable.

1.8 Literature Review

Traffic can be defined as the movement of human, animal and vehicle on the road.
According to Addis Ababa Traffic police Bureau annual report in 2014, road traffic accident
means any collision at road between vehicle with vehicle, pedestrians with vehicle, animal
with vehicle and vehicle with any physical objects( houses, buildings, shops, electricity pools
etc) that results death or injuries and destruction of infrastructure such as roads, electricity
pools, shops and water pipes. For road traffic accidents to occur it must involve roads and
vehicles, if not road traffic accidents will not be occur

According to Addis Ababa road Traffic accident Bureau Survey in 2014 the severity of the injuries
is correlated directly with length of stay at health facility and length of medication use at
respectively, severe(3.2 weeks and 33.9 weeks), moderate( 2 weeks and 17.5 weeks)
andminor(2 weeks and 15.3 weeks). Thus, the severe injuries may result in disability and
disfigured while the moderate and the minor injuries are not result disability.

According to Addis Ababa Police Commission Report of road traffic accident in 2014, traffic
problem results delayed delivery of goods and services, increase transportation costs, faster
depreciation of resources, increased environmental pollution, injuries, and deaths.

According to Bezinaw.W, unpublished senior essay on “mining of road traffic accidents and its
demographic implications”, the general effect of road traffic accident is that affect the economy
negatively. The injuries and disabilities resulting from road traffic accident destruct a significant drain on
economies and its damaging because of the loss of active man power.
The global burden of disease study 2014 shows the global distribution and causes of major diseases,
injuries and health risk factors. It show that infectious diseases, maternal child illness, and mal nutrition
now causes fewer deaths and less illness than they did twenty years ago. As a result, fewer children are
dying every year , but more young and middle aged adults are dying and suffering from diseases and
injury ,as non communicable diseases, such as cancer and heart diseases ,become the dominant causes
of the death and disability in Countries . Since the growing of vehicles ,men and women have gained
slightly more than ten years of life expectancy over all but, they spends more years living with injuries
and illness .

References:

 Addis Ababa Traffic police Bureau, 1999-2014,”cause and consequences of road traffic
accidents in Addis Ababa city administration”.
 Addis Ababa Police Commission, 1999-2014, “the gross loss of economies due to road
traffic accident “.
 Addis Ababa Transport Authority, 1999-2014, “the volumes of road traffic accident in
Addis Ababa city administration”.

 .Bezinaw .W,(2011): ’’Mining of road traffic accidents and its demographic

implications”, unpublished senior essay, Addis Ababa University.
 Bitaw.M,(2002): “Taxi Traffic Accident in Addis Ababa, causes ,temporal and spatial
variations “, Master Thesis , Addis Ababa University.