AIAA 2005-0958

Convection Heat Transfer From

Tube Banks in Crossflow:
Analytical Approach
M. M. Yovanovich, Fellow AIAA
W. A. Khan
J. R. Culham

Microelectronics Heat Transfer Laboratory

Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Waterloo

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Outline

„ Introduction
„ Literature Review
„ Objectives
„ Assumptions
„ Modeling
„ Results and Comparisons
„ Conclusions
„ Acknowledgments

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Introduction
™ Industrial applications:
¾ Heat exchanger devices (like steam
generators, preheaters, oil coolers, power
condensers)
¾ Process industry
¾ Air conditioning and refrigeration industry

™ Primary interest of thermal engineers:

¾ Average heat transfer coefficient for the
entire tube bundle

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Available Correlations (Single Cylinder)

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Available Correlations (Tube Banks)
„ Zukauskas, 1972:
F = Correction factor for NL ≤ 16

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Available Correlations (Tube Banks)
„ Zukauskas, 1972:

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Correction Factor F for NL ≤ 16

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Available Correlations (Tube Banks)
„ Grimison, 1937:
F = Correction factor for NL ≤ 10

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Available Correlations (Tube Banks)
„ Grimison, 1937:

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Correction Factor F for NL ≤ 10

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Objectives

™ Develop analytical correlations to determine heat

transfer for :
ƒ In-line tube banks
ƒ Staggered tube banks
that can be used for a wide range of geometric
parameters
™ Validate developed correlations with experimental
data

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Assumptions

1. Forced Convection
2. Steady, laminar, fully developed and 2-D flow
3. Incompressible fluid with constant properties
4. Reynolds number is based on D and Umax
5. Inviscid flow outside boundary layer
6. Flow normal to tube bank

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Heat Transfer Model

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 In-Line Arrangement

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Staggered Arrangement

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Control Volume

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Boundary Conditions

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Results

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 HTP with ST (In-Line Arrangement)

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 HTP with ST (Staggered Arrangement)

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Effect of Tube Arrangement (1.25 x 1.25)

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Effect of Tube Arrangement (3.0 x 3.0)

3
10
In-Line Arrangement
Staggered Arrangement

}
Experimental (Zukauskas, 1985) Single
Analytical Model (Khan, 2004) Cylinder
Pr = 0.71
2
10 S T/D = 3

S L/D = 3
NuD

1
10

100 2 3 4
10 10 10
ReD

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Staggered Tube Bank (Incropera and DeWitt)

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Comparisons
(i) Compact Tube Bank (1.25 x 1.25)

(ii) Wide Tube Bank (2.1 x 2.1)

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 NuD vs. ReD (In-Line Arrangement)

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 NuD vs. ReD (Staggered Arrangement)

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Summary and Conclusions

Comparisons show that higher heat transfer rates are

obtained from:
ƒ compact tube banks (any arrangement)
ƒ staggered arrangement (any spacing)
Both In-Line and Staggered models are:
ƒ applicable over a wide range of parameters
ƒ suitable for use in design of tube banks

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada
 Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial

support of
ƒ Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council of Canada
ƒ Centre for Microelectronics Assembly and
Packaging

43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 January 2005, Reno, Nevada