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= − = − =−
= ( )+ ( − ) ∆ = ( ∆ )
= ( )+ ln =−
− ( ⁄ )
= =− =
(1⁄ )
= − + + =
, ,
= = ( , )+ ln
∆ = ln ∆ =− ∆
∆ =− ln ∆ =∆ =0
∆ = = ∆ =∆ + ln
,
( ) ( )
= ∆ =− ln =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
∆ = ( )∆
= =
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) dln ∆ ∆
= = =
( ) ( ) "
∆ = − +
=−
"