Qustion 1

1. explain the significance of detailed project planning and control, good communication and
documentation

Project coming up with could be a discipline for stating a way to complete a project at intervals a
particular timeframe, sometimes with outlined stages, and with selected resources. One read of
project coming up with divides the activity into:

·0 Setting objectives (these ought to be measurable)

·1 Identifying deliverables

·2 Planning the schedule

·3 Making supporting plans

·4 Supporting plans could embody those connected to: human resources, communication
ways, and risk management.

Computer hardware associated code project designing among an enterprise is usually done
employing a project designing guide that describes the method that the enterprise feels has
been prosperous within the past.

Purpose of project planning

project designing defines the project activities and finish product that may be performed and
represented however the activities are going to be accomplished. the aim of coming up with is to
outline every major task estimate the time and resource needed and supply a framework of
management review and management.the project designing activities and goals:

·5 specific work to be performed and goals outline bind the project.

·6 estimate t be documented for designing pursuit and dominant the project.

·7 commitments that square measure planned , documented and in agreement to by

affected teams.

·8 project alternatives assumptions and constraints.

Importance of project planning

the project arrange forms the asis for all management efforts related to the project. it's a
document that's expected to vary over time.the project arrange document the pertinent info
asociated with the project. a templet for project arrange is provided. the knowledge evolves
because the projcect moves through its varied stages.

There square measure several definitions of Project Controls used across industries and so across
firms inside industries. For the needs of this portal, the sphere of project controls is outlined as
follows:

Project controls square measure the info gathering, management and analytical processes
accustomed predict, perceive and constructively influence the time and value outcomes of a
project or program; through the communication of knowledge in formats that assist effective
management and deciding. This definition encompasses all stages of a project or program’s
lifecycle from the initial estimating required to ‘size’ a projected project, through to reflective
learning (lessons learned) and therefore the rhetorical analysis required to grasp the causes of
failure (and develop claims).

Consequently, the project controls discipline is seen as encompassing:

• Project strategy, endeavor designing and ways studies to assist the PM optimise future
outcomes;

• planning as well as development, change and maintenance;

• value estimation, value engineering/control and price engineering;

• Risk management, as well as maintaining the danger register and risk analysis/assessment;

• attained price Management and attained Schedule, as well as WBS, OBS and different
breakdown structures,

• Document control;

• rhetorical Assessment for needed diagnosing of schedule and value

• provider performance measuring / oversight (but excluding contract administration);

• the weather of a project management methodology that integrate these disciplines each inside
the ‘controls’ domain and with different project management functions;

Put simply, Project Controls cover the individuals, processes and tools accustomed arrange,
manage and mitigate value and schedule problems and any risk events that will impact a project.
In different words, Project management is actually resembling the project management method
stripped of its facilitating sub-processes for safety, quality, structure, behavioral, and
communications management.

importance of project control

The prospering performance of a project depends on applicable coming up with. The PMBOK
Guide defines the utilization of twenty one processes that relate to coming up with out of the
thirty-nine processes for project management, (Globerson & Zwikeal 2002). The execution
of a project is predicated on a sturdy project arrange and might solely be achieved through an
efficient schedule management methodology. the event of an appropriate Project system is a
very important a part of the project management effort (Shtub, Bard & Globerson 2005).
moreover, it's wide recognised that coming up with and observation plays a significant role
because the reason behind project failures. Despite the continual evolution within the project
management field, it seems evident that the standard approach still shows a scarcity of activity
of Project Controls and there are variety of articles printed to support the importance of
management within the accomplishment of project objectives. it's been well-tried time and once
more that Project performance may be improved if dedicated Project Controls systems ar in situ.
associate degree IBC 2000 Project management Best apply Study allotted by IPA known that
sensible Project management practices cut back execution schedule advance 15 August 1945.
Project Controls value vary from zero.5% to three of total project, (including value accounting),
therefore, to interrupt even, Project management has to improve value effectiveness by around
two hundredth. A sample study allotted by the IBC value Engineering Committee (CEC) in 1999,
showed value enhancements for the comes within the study, was over ten. its noted conjointly
that NPV (Net Project Value) conjointly edges from schedule enhancements. Success factors ar
supported sensible Project management practices, that lead to sensible value and schedule
outcomes.

Documentation could be a very important element of safe, ethical, and effective patient/resident
care observe, notwithstanding whether or not the documentation is paper-based or electronic.
Documentation provides a mechanism to explain, record, and communicate information, data,
knowledge, and knowledge a few patient/resident; the care provided; the result of care and
therefore the continuity of care. Documentation additionally provides a legal record of care
provided. “Specific principles, standards, policies, procedures, and processes ar a part of any
documentation system and facilitate gift the content in significant ways in which (ANA, 2007)”.
Students have to be compelled to be conversant in and follow the health care organization’s
policies, standards and protocols.

K2.

Software engineers, typically known as code developers, set up and make programs. They
analyze user wants, style code so take a look at it to make sure quality. they offer directions to
programmers World Health Organization write the code codes. Engineers World Health
Organization focus on the operational systems required by computers square measure known as
systems program developers. those that specialize in applications, cherish games, video editors,
word processors and databases, square measure known as applications code developers. They
need a minimum bachelor’s degree in code engineering, applied science or a connected field.
they are doing not typically write code, they additionally would like sturdy programming skills to
speak properly with programmers..
Computer programmers receive specifications by code engineers to jot down the directions or
code the pc follows. they need to be knowledgeable in pc languages cherish C++ and Java. they
will update or expand existing code and correct programs to seek out and fix errors. They
additionally use code libraries and computer-assisted code engineering to change their writing.
Most employers like programmers with bachelor’s degrees. However, in some cases, they are
going to rent programmers with associate degree academic degree. They generally concentrate
on solely some pc languages. Certification is accessible from national organizations and vendors
which will enhance job prospects and salaries.

Software configuration management (SCM) may be a computer code engineering discipline

consisting of ordinary processes and techniques typically employed by organizations to manage
the changes introduced to its computer code product. SCM helps in distinctive individual
components and configurations, chase changes, and version choice, control, and baselining.SCM
is additionally referred to as computer code management management. SCM aims {to
management|to regulate|to manage} changes introduced to giant advanced computer code
systems through reliable version choice and version control

* Report detailing any “code smells” present in the code and how you intend to refactor them
out of the code

Removing code smell from code

class Program

static void Main(string[] args)

UBCruises bookings = new UBCruises ();

Customer cust1 = new Customer ("Fred", "Johnstone", "A100356");

Reservation booking = bookings.bookPassage("C", cust1, 2);

Console.WriteLine("Cust1's booking costs= {0}", booking.getCostofBooking()); //Astract

Method from Reservation

Console.Write ("Cabins booked are: ");

ArrayList cabins = booking.cabins;

 for (int i = 0; i < cabins.Count; i++)

Console.Write ("{0}\t", ((room) cabins[i]).number);

Console.WriteLine();

Console.WriteLine();

Customer cust2 = new Customer("Jane", "Jackson", "M892039");

Reservation booking2 = bookings.bookPassage("H", cust2, 4);

///Console.WriteLine("Cust2's booking costs = {0}", booking2.cost);

Console.WriteLine(booking2.getCostofBooking());

Console.Write("Cabins booked are: ");

cabins = booking2.cabins;

for (int i = 0; i < cabins.Count; i++)

Console.Write("{0}\t", ((room)cabins[i]).number);

Console.WriteLine();

Console.ReadLine();

public class Customer

int discount = 1;

String lastname, firstname;

String accountNumber;

public Customer(String firstname, String lastname, String accountNumber)

this.firstname = firstname;
 this.lastname = lastname;

this.accountNumber = accountNumber;

Reservation class

public class Reservation

public Customer booker;

public Boolean confirmed = true;

public int cost;

public ArrayList cabins = new ArrayList();

public Reservation(Customer booker, Boolean confirmed)

this.booker = booker;

this.confirmed = confirmed;

public Reservation(Customer booker, int cost, ArrayList cabins)

this.booker = booker;

this.cost = cost;

this.cabins = cabins;

}
 public Reservation(Customer booker, int cost, room theCabin)

this.booker = booker;

this.cost = cost;

cabins.Add(theCabin);

public int getCostofBooking ()

return this.cost;

public class room

public int fare;

public String number;

public Boolean booked = false;

public room(int fare, String number)

this.fare = fare;

this.number = number;

}
public class Ship

Dictionary<String, ArrayList> cabins = new Dictionary<String, ArrayList>();

String name;

public Ship(String name)

this.name = name;

this.setupShip();

public void setupShip() // this method must belongs to SHip class.

ArrayList groupA = new ArrayList();

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

groupA.Add(new room(5000, "A" + (i + 1)));

ArrayList groupB = new ArrayList();

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

groupB.Add(new room(4000, "B" + (i + 1)));

}
ArrayList groupC = new ArrayList();

for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++)

groupC.Add(new room(3500, "C" + (i + 1)));

ArrayList groupD = new ArrayList();

for (int i = 0; i < 36; i++)

groupD.Add(new room(3400, "D" + (i + 1)));

ArrayList groupE = new ArrayList();

for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++)

groupE.Add(new room(3300, "E" + (i + 1)));

ArrayList groupF = new ArrayList();

for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++)

groupF.Add(new room(3400, "F" + (i + 1)));

}
 ArrayList groupG = new ArrayList();

for (int i = 0; i < 36; i++)

groupG.Add(new room(3300, "G" + (i + 1)));

ArrayList groupH = new ArrayList();

for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++)

groupH.Add(new room(3200, "H" + (i + 1)));

addDeck("Balcony Suite", groupA);

addDeck("Suite", groupB);

addDeck("Deck 3 - Outside Twin", groupC);

addDeck("Deck 2 - Outside Twin", groupD);

addDeck("Deck 1 - Outside Twin", groupE);

addDeck("Deck 3 - Inside Twin", groupF);

addDeck("Deck 2 - Inside Twin", groupG);

addDeck("Deck 1 - Inside Twin", groupH);

public void addDeck(String deckName, ArrayList cabins)

this.cabins.Add(deckName, cabins);
 }

public ArrayList getDeck(String deckName)

return (ArrayList)cabins[deckName];

Define data structures and model the "cruses" domain in a more Object Oriented way

"Push details down" into appropriate classes. aka Encapsulation.

·9 See what the resulting structures and encapsulation do for the other classes.

·10 Code volume in many classes will shrink dramatically

·11 Code will start to read as what it's doing.

·12 Fewer bugs

·13 Customer class:

You should probably consider including contact information for the customer, since realistically a
booking agent would need to get a hold of the customer after the booking is made.

Can the discount be any amount or will you want set amounts? If the latter, a Dictionary to hold
the values would probably be easier to maintain and gives you the option to give the discounts a
descriptive name and edit which ones you want to allow.

Reservation class:

It would make sense to include dates and a descriptive name for the cruise that the reservation
is for. This puts the information you need in one place.

Ship class:

Since you have a lot of code assigning rooms to decks, a Deck class to hold the rooms and a
collection of decks that belongs to the ship, would go a long way toward cleaning up that part of
your code.
* A class diagram illustrating the initial code and another class diagram illustrating the final
refactored code (including all relevant dependencies)