GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS:

In the graphical representations of trigonometric functions we will be using the rectangular coordinate
system (cartesean coordinate system). Let x-axis (horizontal axis) represent the angle in
degrees/radians and the y-axis (vertical axis) represent the value of the trigonometric functions of each
respective angle.

GRAPH OF SINE FUNCTION:

TABLE OF VALUES:
x=𝜽
in rad

y = sin𝜽

Pts.

TABLE OF VALUES:
x=𝜽
in rad

y=

Pts.
TABLE OF VALUES:
x=𝜽
in rad

y=

y=

TABLE OF VALUES:
x=𝜽
in rad

y=

Y=
RELATION BETWEEN ARC AND ANGLE

A In the figure AB is an arc ( intercepted arc ) and arc is a part

of the circumference of a circle and angle θ is the angle
subtended by arc AB and it is also called a central angle (
Central angle – angle which vertex is located in the center of
the circle ). If we let θ in radian measure and r is the radius
θ and s be the arc then; from the definition that arc is equal to
B product of the radius and the angle ( in radian ) we have;

arc = radius x angle ( in radian )

𝒔
s = r𝜽 and 𝜽=
𝒓

Example 1) What is the length of the arc intercepted by a central angle of 950 in a circle whose radius
is
12 feet?
Solutions: First reduce the angle to radians measure:
𝝅 𝒓𝒂𝒅
𝜽 = 𝟗𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
= 𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 𝒓𝒂𝒅 (𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒙. ) 𝒔 = 𝒓𝜽 = 𝟏𝟐𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕 𝒙 𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟗 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕

Example 2) A central angle in a circle of radius 10 inches intercepts an arc of 14 inches. How many
radians are there in the angle? In degrees?
𝟏𝟒 𝒊𝒏. 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
Solutions: 𝜽= 𝟏𝟎 𝒊𝒏.
= 𝟏. 𝟒 𝒓𝒂𝒅. 𝜽 = 𝟏. 𝟒 𝒓𝒂𝒅. 𝒙 𝝅𝒓𝒂𝒅.
= 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟑′

Exercices:
A. Determine the arc intercepted by the given central angle of the circle.
𝟏) 𝜽 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓 𝒓𝒂𝒅., 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔 𝒓 = 𝟐𝟑 𝒄𝒎. 𝟐) 𝜽 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟎 , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒓 = 𝟔𝟖 𝒚𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔
B. Determine the central angle intercepted by the given arc.
𝟑) 𝒓 = 𝟑𝟒 𝒄𝒎, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔 = 𝟓𝟔 𝒄𝒎. 𝟒) 𝒓 = 𝟐𝟓 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔 = 𝟓𝟕 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔
C. Determine the radius of a circle with a given central angle intercepted a given arc on the circle.
𝟓) 𝒔 = 𝟒𝟓 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝜽 = 𝟐. 𝟏 𝒓𝒂𝒅. 𝟔) 𝜽 = 𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟎 , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔 = 𝟐 𝒎.

ANGULAR VELOCITY – is the ratio of the central angle in radian measure to time.
If: 𝝎 = 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒕 = 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒗 = 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚

𝜽
𝝎= 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝜽 = 𝝎𝒕, 𝒔 = 𝒓𝜽 = 𝒓𝝎𝒕
𝒕
𝒃𝒖𝒕 𝒔 = 𝒗𝒕, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒗𝒕 = 𝒓𝝎𝒕, 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒃𝒚 𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒗 = 𝒓𝝎

Example: A rotating wheel has a radius of 2 feet and 6 inches. A point on the rim of the wheel moves 10
yards in 3 seconds. Find the angular velocity of the wheel.

𝒗 𝒔
Solution: From the formula 𝒗 = 𝒓𝝎, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝝎= 𝒔𝒐 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗 =
𝒓 𝒕

𝒔 𝟏𝟎 𝒚𝒅𝒔 𝟑𝟎 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕
𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒔 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒚𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕 = 𝟑𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒗 = = = = 𝟏𝟎 𝒇𝒕 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝒕 𝟑 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝟑𝒔𝒆𝒄

( It should be noted that like quantities must be reduced to same units ) substituting v = 10 ft/sec and
𝒇𝒕
𝒗 𝟏𝟎 𝒓𝒂𝒅
𝒔𝒆𝒄
r = 2.5 feet solution: 𝝎= = =𝟒
𝒓 𝟐.𝟓 𝒇𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒄
AREA OF SECTOR AND OF SEGMENT:
SECTOR of a circle is a portion of the circle bounded by two radii and their intercepted arc.
SEGMENT of a circle is a portion on a circle bounded by an arc and its chord.
𝟏 𝟏
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 = 𝒓𝟐 𝜽 (𝜽 𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏) 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝒓𝟐 ( 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 ) (𝜽 𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏)
𝟐 𝟐
Example: Find the area of a sector having an angle of 0.75 rad in a circle whose radius is 6 inches. Find
also the corresponding segment.