Ace Ahead Mathematics S & T Volume 1

Exam Practice 2 y2 + 4y + 4 + 12 + 24y – 4y – 8y2 ≥ 0

1. Let p(x) = 3 2
3x + 9x – 10x – 40 –7y2 + 24y + 16 ≥ 0
p(2) = 3(2)3 + 9(2)2 – 10(2) – 40 7y2 – 24y – 16 ≤ 0
= 24 + 36 – 20 – 40 (7y + 4)(y – 4) ≤ 0
= 0
4 4
3x3 + 9x2 – 10x – 40 = 0 –—–
7
(x – 2)(3x2 + 15x + 20) = 0
3x2 + 15x + 20 does not have a real solution 4 ≤y≤4
–—
7
since b2 – 4ac = 152 – 4(3)(20)
3x2 – 2x – 1
= –15 < 0 Therefore, y = —————– always lies
x2 + x + 2
Therefore, x = 2 is the only root of between – —4 and 4.
3x3 + 9x2 – 10x – 40 = 0. 7
2. α + β = –2, αβ = –1 5. x–5 +2= x+7
1 + α + —– 1 =α+β+ α+β Squaring both sides,
β + —– ——–
2α 2β 2αβ x–5+4+4 x–5 = x+7
–2 4 x–5 = 8
= –2 + —– x–5 = 2
–2
x–5 = 4
= –2 + 1
x = 9
= –1
1 +— 1
1 + —— 6. x – 2y = 4

β + —–
2α 
2β 
1 α + —–
1 = αβ + —
2 2 4αβ x = 2y + 4 ......(1)
1 x2 + 3xy + 4y2 = 2 ......(2)
= –1 + 1 + —–
–4 Substituting (1) in (2),
1
=–— (2y + 4)2 + 3(2y + 4)y + 4y2 = 2
4
4y + 16y + 16 + 6y2 + 12y + 4y2 – 2
2
= 0
Therefore, the quadratic equation whose roots 14y2 + 28y + 14 = 0
1 and α + —–
are β + —– 1 = 0 or
1 is x2 + x – — y2 + 2y + 1 = 0
2α 2β 4 (y + 1)2 = 0
4x2 + 4x – 1 = 0 y = –1
When y = –1, x = 2
x2 + 2x – 11
3. Let y = —————– Therefore, x = 2, y = –1
2(x – 3)
x2 + 2x – 11 = 2xy – 6y 7. Let p(x) = x3 + px2 + qx – 30
x2 + (2 – 2y)x – 11 + 6y = 0 p(2) = 8 + 4p + 2q – 30 = 0
If x is real, 4p + 2q = 22
b2 – 4ac ≥ 0 2p + q = 11 ......(1)
(2 – 2y)2 – 4(1)(6y – 11) ≥ 0 p(–3) = –27 + 9p – 3q – 30 = 0
4 – 8y + 4y2 – 24y + 44 ≥ 0 9p – 3q = 57
4y2 – 32y + 48 ≥ 0 3p – q = 19 ......(2)
y2 – 8y + 12 ≥ 0 (1) + (2), 5p = 30
(y – 2)(y – 6) ≥ 0 p=6
y ≤ 2 or y ≥ 6 2 6 12 + q = 11
x2 + 2x – 11 q = –1
Therefore, —————– does not have values
2(x – 3) 8. Let p(x) = 3x3 – 20x2 + 29x + 12
between 2 and 6. 1 =3 –— 1 3 – 20 – — 1 2 + 29 – —
1 + 12
3x2 – 2x – 1



p –—
3 3 3
 3

4. Let y = —————– 1 20 29
x2 + x + 2 = – — – —– – —– + 12
x y + xy + 2y = 3x2 – 2x – 1
2 9 9 3
2
(3 – y)x + (–y – 2)x – 1 – 2y = 0 =0
If x is real, Hence, (3x + 1) is a factor.
b2 – 4ac ≥ 0 3x3 – 20x2 + 29x + 12
(–y – 2) – 4(3 – y)(–1 – 2y) ≥ 0
2
= (3x + 1)(x2 – 7x + 12)
y2 + 4y + 4 – 4(–3 – 6y + y + 2y2) ≥ 0 = (3x + 1)(x – 4)(x – 3)

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 5 3/27/2008 4:11:58 PM

 Therefore, the other 2 factors are (x – 4) and 12. –4 < x3 – 2x2 + 2x – 4 < 0
(x – 3). x3 – 2x2 + 2x – 4 < 0 and x3 – 2x2 + 2x > 0
(x – 2)(x2 + 2) < 0 and x(x2 – 2x + 2) > 0
9. If m2x2 – (4m + 4)x + 4 = 0 has real roots, x[(x – 1)2 + 1] > 0
b2 – 4ac > 0 x < 2 and x >0
(–4m – 4)2 – 4(m2)(4) > 0 since x2 + 2 > 0 since (x – 1)2 + 1 > 0
16m2 + 32m + 16 – 16m2 > 0 Therefore, the solution set is {x: 0 < x < 2}.
32m + 16 > 0
13. y
m >–— 1
2
2
10. x2 – 6x3 + 13x2 – 12x + 4
x
= (x2 + px + q)2 O 1 21+ 2
= x4 + 2px8 + (p2 + q)x2 + 2pqx + q2
Equating coefficients,
2p = –6 ......(1) At the points of intersection,
p2 + 2q = 13 ......(2) 1 1
–(x – 2) = — and x– 2=—
x x
2pq = –12 ......(3) 2 2
q2 = 4 ......(4) x – 2x + 1 = 0 x – 2x – 1=0
(x – 1)2 = 0 (x – 1)2 – 2=0
From (1), p = –3 x=1 x = 1 + 2, x > 0
From (2), 2q = 4 1
q=2 Therefore, the solution set for |x – 2| < — is
x
{x : 0 < x < 1 + 2 , x ≠ 1}.
x4 – 6x3 + 13x2 – 12x + 4 = 0
(x2 – 3x + 2)2 = 0 14. y

⎪ ⎪
1
[(x – 1)(x – 2)]2 = 0 y= 3+ —
x
x= 1 or 2 3

Therefore, the roots are 1, 1, 2, 2.

1 1
11. (a) ——– – ——– < 0 1
–— y=3–x
3–x x–2 3
3 – 10
x–2–3+x
—————— < 0 1
(3 – x)(x – 2) 
To find the intersection of 3 + — and 3 – x,
x 
1


2x – 5
—————— < 0 –3+— =3–x
(3 – x)(x – 2) x
(2x – 5)(3 – x)(x – 2) < 0 1
–3 – — = 3 – x
x
–3x – 1 = 3x – x2
2 5
— 3 x2 – 6x – 1 = 0
2 6± 36 + 4
x = —————
Therefore, the solution set is 2
5 or x > 3}.
{x : 2 < x < —
= 3± 10
2 = 3 – 10 , x < 0
1
3x – 4 x2 – 2x
(b) ——–– – ——–– <0
Therefore, the solution set for 3 – x > 3 + —
is {x : x < 3 – 10 }.
x  
x x
3x – 4 – x2 + 2x
——————— <0 15. y
y = |3x + 1|
x
x2 – 5x + 4
————— >0 1 y= x+1
x
(x – 4)(x – 1)
—————— >0
x x
–1 5 1 O
x(x – 4)(x – 1) >0 –— –—
9 3
To find the intersection of |3x + 1| and x + 1,
0 1 4
|3x + 1| = x + 1
9x2 + 6x + 1 = x + 1
Therefore, the solution set is 9x2 + 5x = 0
{x : 0 < x < 1 or x > 4}. x(9x + 5) = 0

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 6 3/27/2008 4:11:59 PM

 5 When x = 3, 4 = 25A ⇒ A = —– 4
x = 0 and x = – —
9 25
Therefore, the solution set for When x = –2, –1 = –5C ⇒ C = — 1
|3x + 1| > x + 1 is 5
5 When x = 1, 2= 9A – 6B – 2C
{x : x > 0 or –1 < x < – — }.
4 – 6B – 2 —1
9


2 = 9 —–
25 5

16. Let p(x) = 2x3 + x2 – 8x – 4 50 = 36 – 150B – 10
p(–2) = 2(–2)3 + (–2)2 – 8 (–2) – 4 4
= –16 + 4 + 16 – 4 B = – —–
25
=0 x+1
Therefore, ——————2
Therefore, (x + 2) is a factor. (x – 3)(x + 2)
2x3 + x2 – 8x – 4 = (x + 2)(2x2 – 3x – 2) 4 4 1
= ———— – ———— + ————2
= (x + 2)(2x + 1)(x – 2) 25(x – 3) 25(x + 2) 5(x + 2)
The roots of 2x3 + x2 – 8x – 4 = 0 are x = –2, 18. p(x) = 2x2 + 5x – 3
1
5x–— 3


x = – — and x = 2.
2 = 2 x2 + —
2 2
Given 2x6 + x4 – 8x2 – 4 = 0 5 3
25 – —

 
2
Let y = x2 = 2 x + — – —–
4 16 2
2y3 + y2 – 8y – 4 = 0 5 49


2
= 2 x + — – —–
1 4 8
Hence, the roots are y = –2, y = – — and y = 2. 49 .
2 The minimum value of p(x) is – —–
8
2 2 2 1 p(x) = (2x – 1)(x + 3)
x = 2 since x = –2 and x = – — does not
2 p(x) is a factor of q(x).
give real roots.
q(x) = 2x4 + mx3 + 4x2 + 2x – 3
Therefore, the real roots of
q(–3)
2x6 + x4 – 8x2 – 4 = 0 are x = ± 2 .
= 2(–3)4 + m(–3)3 + 4(–3)2 + 2(–3) – 3 = 0
2x3 + x2 – 8x – 4 < 4 – 2x
162 – 27m + 36 – 6 – 3 = 0
2x3 + x2 – 6x – 8 < 0
–27 m = –189
(x – 2)(2x2 + 5x + 4) < 0
m=7
Since 2x2 + 5x + 4 is always > 0, x – 2 < 0 Hence, q(x) = 2x4 + 7x3 + 4x2 + 2x – 3
x<2 = (2x2 + 5x – 3)(x2 + x + 1)
Therefore, the solution set for = (2x – 1)(x + 3)(x2 + x + 1)
2x3 + x2 – 8x – 4 < 4 – 2x is {x : x < 2}.
–1± 1 – 4
For x2 + x + 1 = 0, x = —————
17. f(x) = x3 + mx2 – 8x + n 2
f(–2) = –8 + 4m + 16 + n = 0 –1± 3i
= ———
4m + n = –8 ......(1) 2
f(1) = 1 + m – 8 + n = –18 1,
Therefore, the 4 zeros of q(x) are x = —
m + n = –11 ......(2) 2
(1) – (2), 3m = 3 –1± 3i
x = –3, and x = ———
m = 1, n = –12 2
(a) If f(x) = 0, For xp(x) < 0
x3 + x2 – 8x – 12 = 0 x(2x – 1)(x + 3) < 0
(x – 3)(x + 2)2 = 0
–3 0 1
x = –2 and x = 3 —
2
If f(x) ≥ 0,
Therefore, the solution set for
1 }.
x(2x – 1)(x + 3) < 0 is {x : x < 3 or 0 < x < —
–2 3
2
the solution set for x3 + x2 – 8x – 12 ≥ 0 19. Given the roots of the equation are
is {x : x ≥ 3}. ax2 + bx + c = 0 are α and β.
x+1 (x – α)(x – β) = 0
(b) Let ——————2
(x – 3)(x + 2) x2 – βx – αx + αβ = 0
A B C x2 – (α + β)x + αβ = 0
≡ ——– + ——– + ——–—2
x–3 x+2 (x + 2) b and αβ = — c
Therefore, α + β = – —
x + 1 ≡ A(x + 2)2 + B(x – 3)(x + 2) + C(x – 3) a a

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 7 3/27/2008 4:12:00 PM

 Given β = 3α
α + 3α = – — b
x – —12 (x – α )(x – β ) = 0
2 2

a (2x – 1)(x 2 – 13x + 36) = 0

α = – —–b 2x – 26x + 72x – x 2 + 13x – 36 = 0
3 2

4a 2x 3 – 27x 2 + 85x – 36 = 0
3α2 = —c
a 21. If (λ + 3)x2 + (6 – 2λ) x + λ – 1 = 0 has real

b2 = —
3 —–––
16a2 c
a
roots,
b2 – 4ac 0≥
3b2 = 16ac (6 – 2λ) – 4(λ + 3)(λ – 1)
2
0≥
α3 + β3 36 – 24λ + 4λ2 – 4(λ2 + 2λ – 3) 0≥
α + β = ———
— —2 36 – 24λ + 4λ2 – 4λ2 – 8λ + 12 0≥
β2
α α2β 2
–32λ + 48 0≥
(α + β)3 – 3αβ(α + β) 32λ ≤
48
= —————————–
(αβ )2 3
λ ≤—




3
–—b –3 — c –—
b 2
a a a
= ————————— Let the roots be α and 6α.


2
—c
a –6 + 2λ , 6α 2 = ———
7α = ———– λ–1
3
b + —– 3bc λ+3 λ+3
–—
–6 + 2λ 2 = ———
λ–1
a3
= —————
a2 6 ———–

7λ + 21 
λ+3


2
c
—
4λ2 – 24λ + 36 λ–1


a
6 ———–————— = ———
3abc – b3 49λ2 + 294λ + 441 λ+3
= ————–
ac2
(24λ2 – 144λ + 216)(λ + 3)
α β = —–
— a
1 =— = (49λ2 + 294λ + 441)(λ – 1)
—
β2 α2 αβ c 24λ3 – 144λ2 + 216λ + 72λ2 – 432λ + 648
= 49λ3 + 294λ2 + 441λ – 49λ2 – 294λ – 441
Therefore, the quadratic equation whose roots 25λ3 + 317λ2 + 363λ – 1089 = 0
α and β is x2 – ————–
3abc – b3 (25λ – 33)(λ + 11)(λ + 3) = 0
are —
β2
—2
α


ac2 
x+— a = 0 or
c 33 and –11
Therefore, the values of λ are —–
2 2 3 2 25
ac x + (b – 3abc) x + a c = 0 since λ ≠ –3.

20. Given p(x) = 2x3 – 9x2 + 7x + 6 22. x4 – 7x3 + 17x2 – 17x + 6

1 1 3 1 2 1



p –— = 2 –— – 9 –— + 7 –— + 6
2 2 2

2
 = (x – 1)2(x2 + px + q)
= (x2 – 2x + 1)(x2 – 5x + 6)
1 9 7 = (x2 – 2x + 1)(x – 3)(x – 2)
= –— – — – — + 6
4 4 2 Therefore, p = –5, q = 6 and x = 1, 2, 3.
=0
23. (a) 2x2 + 4x + 5 < 3x2
1 x2 – 4x – 5 > 0
Hence, – — is a zero of p(x).
2 (x – 5)(x + 1) > 0
p(x) = (2x + 1)q(x)
= (2x + 1)(x2 – 5x + 6)
= (2x + 1)(x – 3)(x – 2) –1 5

Hence, α, β = 2, 3 and are real. Therefore, x < –1 or x > 5.

α + β = 5 and αβ = 6 (b) f(x) = 2x2 + 4x + 5 = kx
α2 + β2 = (α + β)2 – 2αβ 2x2 + (4 – k) x + 5 = 0
= 52 – 12 If f(x) has no real roots,
= 13 b2 – 4ac < 0
α2β2 = 62 16 – 8k + k2 – 40 < 0
= 36 k2 – 8k – 24 < 0
8± 64 + 96
Therefore, the quadratic equation whose roots k = —————–
are α2 and β2 is x2 – 13x + 36 = 0. 2
= 4±2 10
1
The cubic equation whose roots are — , α 2 and
2 4 – 2 10 4 + 2 10
β is
2

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 8 3/27/2008 4:12:00 PM

 1 3 3



Therefore, the set of values of k is
= y3 y – — —
y + 3y – y
{k: 4 – 2 10 < k < 4 + 2 10 }
5 1 2 1


(c) f(x) = 2 x2 + 2x + —
2  

+2 y–—  
—
y +2 –4y– y –6  
5
  1
= y 
y – —
1 1
y  + 2
y – y  –
y – y  – 2
2 3 2
= 2 (x + 1) – 1 + — 3
— —
2
= 2(x + 1)2 + 3
Hence, k = –2
The greatest value of ——1 is when f(x) is
f(x) 1
Let x = y – —
y
1
minimum which is — .
3 q(y) = y3(x3 + 2x2 – x – 2)
The roots of f(x) = 2x2 + 4x + 5 = 0 are
α and β. Since y ≠ 0
5 x3 + 2x2 – x – 2 = 0
α + β = –2, αβ = — (x – 1)(x + 2)(x + 1) = 0
2
α2 + 3 + β2 + 3 = (α + β)2 – 2αβ + 6 x = 1, –2 or –1
=4–5+6 1
y–— y =1
=5
(α2 + 3)(β2 + 3) = (αβ)2 + 3(α2 + β2) + 9 y2 – y – 1 = 0
25 + 3(4 – 5) + 9
= —–
4 1± 1 + 4 1± 5
y = ———— = ——–
49 2 2
= —–
4 1
y–—
y = –1
Therefore, an equation whose roots are
α2 + 3 and β2 + 3 is 4x2 – 20x + 49 = 0.
y2 + y – 1 = 0
24. p(x) = x3 + 2x2 – x – 2
p(1) = 1 + 2 – 1 – 2 = 0 –1± 1 + 4 –1± 5
y = ————– = ———
Hence, (x – 1) is a factor of p(x). 2 2
p(x) = (x – 1)(x + 2)(x + 1) 1
y–—
y = –2
q(y) = y6 + 2y5 – 4y4 – 6y3 + 4y2 + 2y – 1
4 2 — 1


= y3 y3 + 2y2 – 4y – 6 + — —
y + y2 – y3  y2 + 2y – 1 = 0
1 2 1



= y3 y3 – —3 + 2 y2 + —2 – 4 y – —
y y y –6  –2± 4 + 4
y = ————– = –1± 2
2

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 9 3/27/2008 4:12:01 PM