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Use Of Glass Powder As Fine Aggregate In High Strength Concrete

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International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 2 Issue 7 july-2014

Use Of Glass Powder As Fine Aggregate In High

Strength Concrete
Jostin.P.jose*1 , S.suganya*2, Banu Priya#3
*1
lecturer/civil department “R.V.S Technical Campus”, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
*2&3
M.E Construction management and engineering “R.V.S Technical Campus ”Coimbatore, Tamilnadu,India.

Abstract— Glass powder (GP) used in concrete making leads to greener environment. In shops, damaged glass sheets & sheet glass
cuttings are go to waste, which are not recycled at present and usually delivered to landfills for disposal. Using GP in concrete is an
interesting possibility for economy on waste disposal sites and conservation of environment. This project examines the possibility of
using GP as fine aggregate replacement in concrete. Natural sand was partially replaced (0%-30%) with GP in concrete. Tensile
strength, Compressive strength (cubes and cylinders) and Flexural strength up to 28 days of age were compared with those of high
performance concrete made with natural sand.

Keywords—Glass powder, Natural sand Tensile strength, Compressive strength

I. INTRODUCTION increasing application of this industrial waste, the level of

Concrete is a widely used material in the world. Based on utilization of glass powder in the industrialized nations has
global usage it is placed at second position after water. River been reached more than 60% of its total production. The use
sand is one of the constituents used in the production of of manufactured sand in India has not been much popular,
conventional concrete has become highly expensive and also when compared to some advanced countries.
scare. In the backdrop of such a bleak atmosphere, there is a
large demand for alternative materials from industrial waste.
II. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
Some alternative materials have already been used as a part of
natural sand. For example fly ash, slag, red mud, ponded ashes .
Collection of materials,
were used in concrete mixtures as a partial replacement of
Studyofphysicalpropertiesofmaterials,
natural sand.
mix design
Similarly the waste glass are collected from the shops
are used. The collected glasses are crushed to sand size and it
could be used an alternate material for natural sand as partial
Casting of specimens
replacement. In brief, successful utilization of glass as fine
Curing of specimens
aggregate will turn this waste material into a valuable resource.
Test on concrete

Hardened concrete
1. Compressive strength
2. Split tensile strength
3. Flexural strength

A. OBJECTIVE
Analysis and Discussion of Test Result
 To evaluate the utility of glass powder as a partial
replacement of cement in concrete.
 To study and compare the performance conventional Conclusion
concrete and glass powder concrete. Scope for future study
 To understand the effectiveness of glass powder in
strength enhancement.
The utilization of glass powder which can be called as
manufactured sand has been accepted as a building material in A. MATERIAL TEST
the industrially advanced countries. As a result of sustained TABLE
research and developmental works undertaken with respect to PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MATERIALS

Jostin,.. . . (IJ0SER) July- 2014

International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 2 Issue 7 july-2014

In this thesis work M50 grade is being used. The design

Property Glass Natural procedure is detailed below. (Based on IS: 10262 – 1982)
powder sand
Specific gravity 2.4-2.8 2.60
Bulk density 2.53 1.46 Water Cement Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate
Moisture content (%) Nil 1.50 139.5 398.5 kg/m3 648 kg/m3 1267.25 kg/m3
Fine particles less than 12-15 0- 6 kg/m3
0.075mm (%) 0.35 1 1.626 3.10
Sieve analysis Zone Zone
The concrete samples are caste with mix 1: 1.626: 3.10 as per
design, with partial replacement of fine aggregate. The
numbers of concrete samples caste are laid down as per IS
code. The tests are carried out after 7 & 28 days of casting of
S.No Material concrete,
Property details
Grade 43-OPC a) Compressive strength (cube specimen)
Consistency 34% b) Tensile strength (cylinder specimen)
1. Cement
Specific gravity 3.15 c) Flexural strength or Modulus of rupture (beam
Fineness 2% specimen)
Modulus
Grading Zone Zone II
Natural
A. SAMPLES WITH GLASS POWDER
2. Specific gravity 2.70
sand
Fineness 2.43% Crushing of glass pieces is done by crusher. Glass
Modulus
Specific gravity 2.66
3.
Glass material is sieved in 2.36mm sieve. Then it is used by
powder Fineness 3.36% replacing fine aggregate in different percentages. Glass
Modulus
Specific gravity 2.60 powder is taken in, 10% weight of fine aggregate and 20%
Coarse
4. weight of fine aggregate and 30%weight of fine aggregate.
Aggregate Fineness 7.14%
Modulus
5. Water Type Potable
B. CURING
TABLE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASS POWDER AND NATURAL SAND
In all but the least critical applications, care needs to be
Constituent Glass powder Natural taken to properly cure concrete, to achieve best strength and
(%) sand (%) hardness. This happens after the concrete has been placed.
Silica (SiO2) 72.5 80.78 Cement requires a moist, controlled environment to gain
Alumina (Al2O3) 01.06 10.52 strength and harden fully. The cement paste hardens over time,
Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) 0.36 01.75 initially setting and becoming rigid though very weak and
Lime (CaO) 08 03.21 gaining in strength in the weeks following.
Magnesia (MgO) 4.18 00.77
Sodium Oxide (Na2O) 13.1 01.37

Potassium Oxide (K2O) 0.26 01.23

Sulphur Trioxide (SO3) 0.18 -

Fig. Curing Tank with Specimen

III. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION TABLE

The most common of all tests on hardened concrete is the

compressive strength test. This is partly because it is easy to
make, and partly because many through not all, of the
desirable characteristics of concrete are qualitatively related to
its strength, but mainly because of the intrinsic importance of
the compressive strength of concrete in construction.
DETAILS OF SPECIMEN FOR 7 & 28 DAYS (CUBE SIZE MM:
150X150X150),CYLINDERS SPECIMEN SIZE MM (300X150Ф), PCC
PRISM SIZE MM (1000X150X150), REINFORCED BEAM SPECIMEN SIZE
MM (1200X150X150).

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International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 2 Issue 7 july-2014

Specimen Properties Type & No. of

Tested Test Replacement specimens
Conventional
3
7 & 28 days 10%
Cube compressive
strength 20% 3
30% 3
Cylinder Conventional Fig Casted Reinforced Beams
3
28 days split 10% 3 IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
tensile
strength 20%
3 A. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
30% 3 The compressive strength of a material is that value of
PCC 28 days Conventional uniaxial compressive stress reached when the material fails
Prism flexural 1 completely. The compressive strength is usually obtained
strength experimentally by means of a compressive test. The apparatus
28 days 10% 1 used for this experiment is the same as that used in a tensile
compressive test. However, rather than applying a uniaxial tensile load, a
strength 20% 1 uniaxial compressive load is applied. As can be imagined, the
30% 1 specimen (usually cylindrical) is shortened as well as
Beam 28 days Conventional spread laterally. A Stress–strain curve is plotted by the
flexural 1 instrument and would look similar to the following:
strength
28 days 10% 1
compressive
strength 20% 1
30% 1

Compressive strength of concrete is usually found by testing

Cubes and cylinders. Cube of size 150 mm X 150mm X
150mm concrete specimens were casting using M50 grade
concrete. Specimens with Nominal concrete and glass powder
concrete (glass powder is partially replaced with Natural sand)
were casted. During casting the cubes were manually
compacted using tamping rods. After 24 hours, the specimens
Fig. Casted Cubes
were removed from the mould and subjected to water curing
for 28 days. After curing, the specimens were tested for
compressive strength using a compression testing machine

.
Fig. Casted Cylinders Fig.. Crack occurred in Cube

Jostin,.. . . (IJ0SER) July- 2014

International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 2 Issue 7 july-2014

When comparing with conventional concrete the glass powder

concrete of shows an increased strength of 9.45% in 10%
replacement.
TABLE
COMPRESSIVE TEST ON CUBES

S.No Type Of COMPRESSIVE

Specimen STRENGTH
Load in KN Strength in
N/mm2 Fig. Crack occurred in the Cylinder
Mean after Mean after
TABLE
3-trials 3-trials
TENSION TEST ON CYLINDERS
1 Conventional 1176.6 52.29
2 10% glass 1288.3 57.25 S.No Type Of Compressive strength
powder Specimen
3 20% glass 1231.6 54.73 Load in kN Strength in N/mm2
powder Mean after Mean after 3-trails
4 30% glass 1250 55.55 3-trails
powder
1 Conventional 222.66 3.14
2 10% glass 274.33 3.88
powder
3 20% glass 228.33 3.31
powder
4 30% glass 248.33 3.51
powder

Fig Compressive strength

C. SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST

Fig. Split Tensile Strength

C. FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF PCC BEAMS

Split tensile strength of concrete is usually found by
testing plain concrete cylinders. Cylinders of size 100mm x
200 mm were casting using M50 grade concrete. Specimens
with Nominal concrete and glass powder concrete (glass
powder is partially replaced with Natural sand) were casted.
During moulding, the cylinders were manually
compacted using tamping rods. After 24 hours, the specimens
were removed from the mould and subjected to water curing
for 28 days. After curing, the specimens were tested for
compressive strength using a calibrated compression testing
machine.
Flexural strength is the one of the measure of tensile strength
of concrete. It is the ability of a beam to resist failure in
bending. It is measured by loading un-reinforced
150mmX150mm concrete beams with a span 1200mm. Beam
of size 150mm x 150mm x 1200 mm were casting using M50
grade concrete. Specimens with Nominal concrete and glass
powder concrete (glass powder is partially replaced with
Natural sand) were casted. During moulding, the beams were
manually compacted using tamping rods. After 24 hours, the
specimens were removed from the mould and subjected to
water curing for 28days. After curing, the specimens were
tested for compressive strength on a standard reinforced

Jostin,.. . . (IJ0SER) July- 2014

International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 2 Issue 7 july-2014

concrete. The bed of testing machine should be supported, and Load in kN Deflection in Stiffness in
these rollers should be mounded that the distance from center mm kN/mm
is 300mm for 1200mm specimen. The beam is simply 12 0.5 24
supported and subjected to one third points loading flexure 18 1 18
failure. The maximum tensile stress reached in the modulus of 31 1.5 20.67
rupture values for concrete using sand and glass powder. 42 2 21
52 2.5 20.8
63 3 21
75 3.5 21.43
82 4 20.5
88 4.5 19.56
92 5 18.8
95 5.5 17.27
Fig. Cracks Occurred In Beam Specimen 96 6 15.83
97 6.5 14.94
While performing bending test on the glass powder concrete
shows an increased strength of 71.4% in 10% replacement.
S.No Type Of Flexural
Specimen Load
in kN Strength in
4.34 N/mm2
1 Conventional 16.30
10% glass
7.46
2 powder 28
20% glass
5.68
3 powder 21.30
30% glass Fig. Load Vs Deflection Curve for Conventional Beam
5.33
4 powder 20
E. 10% REPLACEMENT BEAM
TABLE
LOAD VS DEFLECTION CURVE FOR 10% REPLACEMENT BEAM

LOAD IN KN DEFLECTION IN STIFFNESS IN

MM KN/MM

10 0.5 20

20 1 20
33 1.5 22

44 2 22

50 2.5 20

60 3 20
64 3.5 18.29

Fig Flexural Strength of PCC Beam 70 4 17.5

75 4.5 16.89
D. LOAD Vs DEFLECTION CURVE OF REINFORCED
CONCRETE BEAM OF 28 DAYS 78 5 15.6

CONVENTIONAL BEAM 84 5.5 14.91

TABLE 87 6 14.7

92 6.5 14.5

LOAD VS DEFLECTION CURVE FOR CONVENTIONAL BEAM

Jostin,.. . . (IJ0SER) July- 2014

International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 2 Issue 7 july-2014

G. 30% REPLACEMENT BEAM TABLE

96 7 14.15
LOAD Vs DEFLECTION CURVE FOR 30% REPLACEMENT
98 7.5 14.14
BEAM
102 8 13.6 LOAD IN DEFLECTION IN MM STIFFNESS IN KN/MM
KN

15 0.5 13.26

24 1 24

35 1.5 23.33
48 2 24
60 2.5 24

71 3 23.66

80 3.5 22.85
87 4 21.75
92 4.5 20.44
Fig Load Vs Deflection Curve for 10% Replacement Beam
96 5 19.6
F. 20% REPLACEMENT BEAM 97 5.5 18
TABLE
98 6 16.5
.LOAD VS DEFLECTION CURVE FOR 20% REPLACEMENT BEAM

LOAD IN KN DEFLECTION IN STIFFNESS IN KN/MM

MM

12 0.5 24
23 1 23
33 1.5 22
44 2 22

53 2.5 21.2

64 3 21.33 Fig. Load Vs Deflection Curve for 30% Replacement Beam

75 3.5 21.43
V. DISCUSSION
83 4 21
Based on the results of the materials properties and the
90 4.5 20
experimental investigation on concrete made with glass
93 5 18.6 powder, the reason for the variation observed is summarized
as follows.
95 5.5 17.28
A. Summary of material properties
97 6 16
99 6.5 14.92 1. Fineness modulus of sand is more than that of glass
powder. This means glass powder is finer than sand.
2. Grading curve of both sand and glass powder is
uniform and sand falls within the limits of zone II
3. Sand particles rounded and globular where as glass
powder particles are angular, flaky and irregular in
shape.
4. The reasons with the fact that glass powder is finer
than sand.

B. Summary of experimental investigation on concrete

Jostin,.. . . (IJ0SER) July- 2014

International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 2 Issue 7 july-2014

[1] Reni Mullukattil Lukose / International Journal of Research in Modern

1. The compressive strength of concrete with glass
powder is more than the conventional concrete.
The increase in compressive strength is the
interlocking properties of particles in the glass
powder.
2. Split tensile strength of concrete increases for
glass powder. The reason for variation is the
shape and texture of glass powder.
3. Flexural strength (modulus of rupture) of
concrete increases for glass powder. The reasons
for variation are the shape and texture of the
glass powder.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
The development of concrete with glass powder as
fine aggregate has been successfully completed and the results
were presented and analyzed in the previous chapters. Based
on the test results of M50 concrete the following conclusions
are drawn:
A. General Conclusions
1) It is possible to replace glass powder by scarce sand
for concrete.
2) The glass powder concrete is less workable, strong
and durable compared to sand concrete
B. Specific conclusions
Engineering and Emerging Technology Vol. 1, Issue: 6, July: 2013
(IJRMEET) ISSN: 2320-6586
[2] Use Of Waste Glass As Powder And Aggregate Incement-Based
Materials Sbeidco – 1st International Conference On Sustainable Built
Environment Infrastructures in Developing Countries ENSET Oran
(Algeria) - October 12-14, 2009
[3] Glass fibre reinforced concrete use in construction ©gopalax -
international journal of technology and engineering system(ijtes):jan –
march 2011- vol.2.no.2.
[4] Development of Concrete Containing Waste Glass
[5] G. D. Perkins, Civil Engineering Research Unit, Division of Civil &
Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology, University
of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL
[6] The Open Civil Engineering Journal, 2010, 4, 65-71 65 1874-1495/10
2010 Bentham Open.The Use of Sheet Glass Powder as Fine
Aggregate Replacement in Concrete M. Mageswari1,* and Dr.
B.Vidivelli2
[7] GLOBAL CEMENT to 2020, report on world production and
consumption of cement by International cement review.(Dec. 2007),
201-203.
[8] Hawkins, G. J., Bhatty, J. I and O ‟ Hare, A. T., Cement kiln dust
production, management and disposal, Portland Cement Association,
PCA, R&D No. 2737, 2003.
[9] P. C. PARIS and G. C. SIH, ASTM STP 381 (American Society for
Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1965)p. 30.
BIOGRAPHIES
He is now working as an assistant
professor of civil Engg. Dept., R.V.S
Technical Campus. He finished his
B.E.(CIVIL) in Periyar Maniammai
University and doing his M.E (structural
engg.) in karpagam university,
Coimbatore.

1) The increase of 9 % in the 28 day cube compressive

strength of glass powder concrete when compared to
Conventional concrete. She is percusing M.E construction
2) Increase cylinder tensile strength there is an increase engineering and management. in R.V.S
of about 23% in 28 days of glass powder concrete Technical Campus. She completed her
when compared to conventional concrete. B.E.(civil) in avinashilingam university
3) There is an increase of 74 % in the 28 day flexural for women,Coimbatore
strength of glass powder concrete when compared to
conventional concrete
She is percusing M.E construction
REFERENCES
engineering and management. in R.V.S
Technical Campus., Coimbatore. She
A. Books And Is-Codes completed her B.E.(civil) in PSR college
of engineering and rechnology at
[1] M. S. Shetty, Concrete Technology Theory & Practice, Published by S. sivakasi .
CHAND & Company, Ram Nagar, New Delh
[2] M. L. Gambhir, Concrete Technology (3rd Edition), Published by The
McGraw-Hill Companies, New Delhi
[3] IS 10262- 2007 Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design
[4] IS 456- 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice
[5] IS 516- 1959 Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete
[6] IS 5816- 1999 Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete -Method of Test

Jostin,.. . . (IJ0SER) July- 2014

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