The Construction of Railway Bridges Then and Now PDF

Geostructural Solutions
About Nucor Skyline
A premier steel foundation supplier and manufacturer serving the U.S., Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean,
Central America, and Colombia markets, Skyline Steel, LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nucor Corporation,
the largest producer of steel in the United States.
Customer focus, our core philosophy

A strong customer focus has always been a legacy at Nucor Skyline. In fact, with us, customer service goes
beyond the salesperson-contractor relationship and steel delivery— it continues beyond project completion.
Our extensive network of stockyards allows our sales team to supply customers with the materials needed to
continue working and contractors can feel assured that steel will be available as needed, and on schedule.
Nucor Skyline, your true project partner

Nucor Skyline’s knowledgeable engineering team works with owners, engineers, and contractors long before projects
are advertised. To ensure seamless project coordination and completion, engineers propose solutions through all
aspects of design, material selection, installation, and construction sequencing. Engineering support is extended
even further to include provision of onsite assistance to ensure effective resolution after a project has started. Our
relationship with the industry extends beyond sales—we are your true project partner.
Geostructural Solutions from Nucor Skyline
As a premier supplier and manufacturer of steel foundation products, we are proud to

offer our comprehensive line of geostructural products. Nucor Skyline’s geostructural Table of Contents
business unit has become a leader in the supply side of the heavy civil construction
business. PRODUCT DATA
Cold Rolled Threaded Bars. . . . . . . . . . 2
We have a core group of geostructural industry specialists dedicated to providing
Hot Rolled Threaded Bars. . . . . . . . . . 10
superior service to this growing market. A significant investment in manufacturing
Hollow Bar Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
has been made which allows us to continue to add new product lines and strengthen
our existing product offering. In addition to Nucor Skyline’s complete line of grade 75 Threaded Casing for Micropiles. . . . . 18
and grade 150 cold rolled threaded bar, we offer an improved hot rolled threaded bar. Multi-Strand Anchor Systems. . . . . . . 20
Our manufacturing capabilities have also been expanded to allow us to produce DCP
PRODUCT DETAIL
shop grouted and SCP ground anchors in multiple locations across the United States.
Hollow Bar Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Nucor Skyline’s experienced production team are experts at assembling large-scale
reinforcement bar cages, using couplers and full load nuts, measuring over 65 feet long. Multi-Strand Anchor Systems. . . . . . . 21
TYPICAL GEOSTRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS

Significant improvements have also been made in our micropile manufacturing
Ground Anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
capabilities. Micropile threaded casing production capacity has been expanded to
further supplement our full line of bar reinforcing products, making us the single source Rock Bolts/Anchor Bolts. . . . . . . . . . . 31
supplier to any contractor involved in a micropile project. Multi-strand anchors, featuring Soil Nails. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Samwoo load distributive anchor systems with removable capabilities, are exclusively Tie Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
available from Nucor Skyline. A comprehensive hollow bar system with a full line of Micropiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
complementary accessories has also been added to our geostructural product offering.
Pile Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Nucor Skyline is pleased to be a market leader in the specialty products described in this
brochure and we are dedicated to partnering with our customers and delivering high
quality products and cost effective solutions.
Threaded Bars and Accessories
Cold Rolled Threaded Bars†
Approx. Major
Thread Diameter
Threaded Bar - Grade 75 ksi*
Approx.
Nominal Min. Net Area Min. Ultimate Min. Yield Nominal Major Thread Max.
Bar Thread
Diameter Thru Threads Strength Strength Weight Diameter Length
Designation Orientation
in in2 kips kips lbs/ft in ft
(mm) (mm2) (kN) (kN) (kg/m) (mm) (m)
#8 1 0.790 79 59.3 2.70 1.125 Left Hand 60

25 509.7 351.4 263.8 4.0 28.5 18.3
#9 1 1/8 1.000 100 75 3.40 1.250 Left Hand 60

28 645.2 444.8 333.6 5.1 32.0 18.3
#10 1 1/4 1.270 127 95.3 4.30 1.375 Left Hand 60

32 819.4 564.9 423.9 6.4 35.0 18.3
#11 1 3/8 1.560 156 117 5.30 1.500 Left Hand 60

35 1006.5 694.0 520.5 7.9 38.1 18.3
#14 1 3/4 2.250 225 168.7 7.65 1.875 Right Hand 60

45 1451.6 1000.9 750.4 11.4 47.6 18.3
#18 2 1/4 4.000 400 300 13.60 2.438 Right Hand 60

55 2580.6 1779.4 1334.5 20.2 62.0 18.3
#20 2 1/2 4.910 491 368 16.69 2.750 Right Hand 60

64 3167.7 2184.0 1637.0 24.8 70.0 18.3
#24 3 7.070 707 530 24.10 3.250 Right Hand 60

76 4561.3 3142.0 2356.0 35.9 82.6 18.3
#28 3 1/2 9.610 960 720 32.70 3.750 Right Hand 60

89 6200.0 4274.0 3206.0 48.7 95.3 18.3
Cold rolled threaded bars conform to the physical and chemical requirements of ASTM A 615 Grade 75 ksi “Standard Specification for Deformed Carbon Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement”
Threaded Bar - Grade 80 ksi*
Approx.
Nominal Min. Net Area Min. Ultimate Min. Yield Nominal Major Thread Max.
Bar Thread
Diameter Thru Threads Strength Strength Weight Diameter Length
(mm) (mm2) (kN) (kN) (kg/m) (mm) (m)
#8 1 0.790 83.0 63.2 2.70 1.125 Left Hand 60

25 509.7 369.2 281.1 4.0 28.5 18.3
#9 1 1/8 1.000 105.0 80.0 3.40 1.250 Left Hand 60

28 645.2 467.1 355.9 5.1 32.0 18.3
#10 1 1/4 1.270 133.4 101.6 4.30 1.375 Left Hand 60

32 819.4 593.4 451.9 6.4 35.0 18.3
#11 1 3/8 1.560 163.8 124.8 5.30 1.500 Left Hand 60

35 1006.5 728.6 555.1 7.9 38.1 18.3
#14 1 3/4 2.250 236.3 180.0 7.65 1.875 Right Hand 60

45 1451.6 1051.1 800.7 11.4 47.6 18.3
#18 2 1/4 4.000 420.0 320.0 13.60 2.438 Right Hand 60

55 2580.6 1868.2 1423.4 20.2 62.0 18.3
#20 2 1/2 4.910 515.6 392.8 16.69 2.750 Right Hand 60

64 3167.7 2293.5 1747.3 24.8 70.0 18.3
#24 3 7.070 742.4 565.6 24.10 3.250 Right Hand 60

76 4561.3 3302.3 2515.9 35.9 82.6 18.3
#28 3 1/2 9.610 1009.1 768.8 32.70 3.750 Right Hand 60

89 6200.0 4488.7 3419.8 48.7 95.3 18.3
* Contact your local Nucor Skyline representative for information on additional steel grades.
† Contact your sales representative for information on hot dip galvanized and epoxy coated bars.
2 Nucor Skyline: Geostructural Solutions Please note: As we continuously improve the design of our products, product details are subject to change.
Cold Rolled Threaded Bars†
Approx. Major
Thread Diameter
Threaded Bar - Grade 150
Nominal Min. Net Area Min. Ultimate Min. Yield Nominal Approx. Major Max.
Thread
Diameter Thru Threads Strength Strength Weight Thread Diameter Length
Orientation
(mm) (mm2) (kN) (kN) (kg/m) (mm) (m)
1 0.850 128 102 3.1 1 1/8 Left Hand 60
26 549 567 454 4.6 28.6 18.3
1 1/4 1.250 188 150 4.5 1 1/2 Left Hand 60

32 807 834 667 6.7 38.1 18.3
1 3/8 1.580 237 190 5.7 1 5/8 Left Hand 60

36 1019 1054 843 8.5 41.3 18.3
1 3/4 2.600 390 320 9.1 2 Left Hand 60

46 1677 1735 1423 13.5 50.8 18.3
2 1/4 4.000 600 480 13.6 2 7/16 Left Hand 60

57 2581 2669 2135 20.2 62.0 18.3
2 1/2 5.190 778 622 18.3 2 3/4 Left Hand 60

65 3350 3457 2766 27.2 69.9 18.3
3 7.060 1059 847 24.0 3 1/4 Left Hand 60

75 4554 4702 3766 35.7 82.6 18.3
1 inch to 1 3/8 inch diameter, ASTM A 722; 1 3/4 inch to 3 inch diameter bar manufactured in accordance with ASTM A 722 physical and chemical requirements.
Grade 150 ksi steel must not be subjected to localized heating such as welding, cutting torch, or hot grinding.
Please note: As we continuously improve the design of our products, product details are subject to change. Nucor Skyline: Geostructural Solutions 3
Cold Rolled Threaded Bar Accessories†
Threaded Bar Connectors Full Load Hex Nuts and Jam Nuts
OD
A B A C
L
Full Load Hex Nut Jam Nut
Grade 75 Bar Grade 75 Bar
Weight
OD L Weight A B C
Bar Bar lbs
Designation in in lbs Designation in in in (kg)
(mm) (mm) (kg) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Full Jam
1.625 4.500 1.55 1.625 2.000 0.500 0.81 0.20
#8 #8 0.09
41.3 114.3 0.70 41.3 50.8 12.7 0.37
1.875 5.000 2.39 1.750 2.000 0.563 0.89 0.25
#9 #9 0.11
47.6 127.0 1.08 44.5 50.8 14.3 0.40
2.125 5.500 3.47 2.000 2.187 0.625 1.33 0.38
#10 #10 0.17
54.0 139.7 1.57 50.8 55.5 15.9 0.60
2.250 6.000 4.02 2.250 2.500 0.688 1.96 0.54
#11 #11 0.24
57.2 152.4 1.82 57.2 63.5 17.5 0.89
2.875 7.875 9.16 2.750 3.250 0.938 3.86 1.11
#14 73.0 200.0 4.15
#14 69.9 82.6 23.8 1.75 0.50
3.500 9.125 13.93 3.500 3.500 1.000 4.87 1.81
#18 #18 0.82
88.9 231.8 6.32 89.0 89.0 25.4 2.21
4.000 9.500 19.86 4.000 4.500 1.125 9.83 2.76
#20 #20* 1.25
101.6 241.3 9.01 101.6 114.3 28.6 4.46
4.750 10.750 31.01 4.750 4.500 1.500 12.98 4.33
#24 120.6 243.0 14.07
#24** 120.6 114.3 38.1 5.89 1.96
5.500 12.000 46.20 5.500 6.000 1.563 23.10 6.02
#28 #28** 2.73
139.7 304.8 20.96 139.7 152.4 39.7 10.48
*Round collar nut available **Round collar nut with flats
Nominal Nominal Weight

OD L Weight A B C
Diameter Diameter lbs
in in lbs in in in (kg)
in in
(mm) (mm) (kg) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(mm) (mm) Full Jam
1 1.750 4.250 1.70 1 1.750 2.000 0.500 0.94 0.23
26 44.5 108.0 0.77 26 44.5 50.8 12.7 0.43 0.10
1 1/4 2.125 5.250 3.11 1 1/4 2.250 2.500 0.625 2.07 0.52
32 54.0 133.4 1.41 32 57.2 63.5 15.9 0.94 0.24
1 3/8 2.375 5.750 4.22 1 3/8 2.500 2.750 0.750 2.78 0.75
36 60.3 146.1 1.91 36 63.5 69.9 19.1 1.26 0.34
1 3/4 3.000 8.500 9.98 1 3/4 3.000 3.500 1.250 4.83 1.70
46 76.2 215.9 4.53 46 76.2 88.9 31.8 2.19 0.77
2 1/4 4.000 9.000 21.45 2 1/4 4.000 4.250 1.500 11.68 4.09
57 101.6 228.6 9.73 57 101.6 107.95 38.10 5.30 1.86
2 1/2 4.250 10.000 23.96 2 1/2 4.000 4.750 1.750 10.82 3.99
65 108.0 254.0 10.87 65 101.6 120.7 44.45 4.91 1.81
3 5.000 12.000 41.24 3* 5.000 6.000 2.000 20.62 5.11
75 127.0 308.0 18.71 75 127.0 152.4 50.8 9.35 2.32
*Round collar nut with flats with outside diameter of 5" (127mm).
Cold Rolled Threaded Bar Accessories
Hardened Washers Round Beveled Washers
A A C
B C B
BEVEL
Bar A B C Weight Bar A B C D Bevel Weight

Designation in in in lbs Designation in in in in degrees lbs
(mm) (mm) (mm) (kg) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (kg)
2.250 1.188 0.136 0.110 1.75 1.13 0.46 0.17 0.12

#8 57.150 30.175 3.454 0.05 #8 9.4
44.45 28.58 11.68 4.32 0.05
2.500 1.375 0.136 0.130 2.63 1.38 0.93 0.23 0.69
#9 63.500 34.925 3.454 0.06 #9 15
66.68 31.75 23.62 5.84 0.31
2.750 1.531 0.136 0.160 #10 2.75 1.63 0.97 0.23 0.66
#10 69.850 38.887 3.454 0.07 15
69.85 41.40 24.64 5.84 0.30
3.000 1.625 0.136 0.190 3.09 1.75 1.06 0.23 0.93
#11 76.200 41.275 3.454 0.09 #11 78.49 44.45 26.92 5.84
15 0.45
3.750 2.125 0.178 0.380 4.00 2.13 1.29 0.23 1.94
#14 95.250 53.975 4.521 0.17 #14 15
101.60 54.10 32.77 5.84 0.88
4.500 2.657 0.240 0.710 4.60 2.63 1.18 0.37 2.46
#18 114.300 67.488 6.096 0.32 #18 10
116.84 66.80 29.97 9.40 1.12
5.500 3.157 0.240 1.090 5.00 3.00 1.31 0.43 3.10
#20 139.700 80.188 6.096 0.49 #20 127.00 76.20 33.27 10.92
10 1.41
6.000 3.625 0.375 1.910 8.00 3.50 1.75 0.43 12.58
#24 152.400 92.075 9.525 0.87 #24 10
203.20 88.90 44.45 10.92 5.71
7.000 4.125 0.375 2.680 8.00 4.00 2.25 0.84 16.54
#28 177.800 104.775 9.525 1.22 #28 203.20 101.60 57.15 21.34
10 7.50
Nominal Nominal
A B C Weight A B C D Bevel Weight
Diameter Diameter
in in in in lbs in in in in degrees lbs
in
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (kg) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (kg)
(mm)
1 2.500 1.375 0.136 0.130 1 2.63 1.25 0.93 0.23 0.69

63.500 34.925 3.454 0.06 15
26 26 66.68 31.75 23.62 5.84 0.31
1 1/4 2.750 1.531 0.136 0.160 1 1/4 2.75 1.63 0.97 0.23 0.66
69.850 38.887 3.454 0.07 15
32 32 69.85 41.40 24.64 5.84 0.30
1 3/8 3.250 1.770 0.178 0.300 1 3/8 3.09 1.75 1.06 0.23 0.93
82.550 44.958 4.521 0.13 15
36 36 78.49 44.45 26.92 5.84 0.42
1 3/4 4.000 2.407 0.240 0.550 1 3/4 4.00 2.13 1.29 0.23 1.94
101.600 61.138 6.096 0.25 15
46 46 101.60 54.10 32.77 5.84 0.88
2 1/4 4.500 2.657 0.240 0.710 2 1/4 4.60 2.63 1.18 0.37 2.46
114.300 67.488 6.096 0.32 10
57 57 116.84 66.80 29.97 9.40 1.12
2 1/2 5.500 3.157 0.240 1.090 2 1/2 5.00 3.00 1.31 0.43 3.10
65 139.700 80.188 6.096 0.49 64 127.00 76.20 33.27 10.92
10 1.41
3 6.000 3.625 0.375 1.910 3 8.00 3.50 1.75 0.43 12.58
152.400 92.075 9.525 0.87 10
75 75 203.20 88.90 44.45 10.92 5.71
Contact your local Nucor Skyline representative for information on additional grades of steel.
Bearing Plates HDPE Plastic Nut Caps*

A SECTION B
C B
B C
A
Bearing plate dimensions reflect typical sizes. SECTION A SECTION B
SECTION A
Actual design criteria should be used for specific plate sizing.
Grade 75 Bar Plastic Nut Caps for Grade 75 Bars
A B C
A B C Weight Bar
Bar Designation in in in
Designation in in in lbs (mm) (mm) (mm)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (kg)
3.5 2.25 6.75
#8 – #11
88.9 57.2 171.5
#8 8 8 3/4 13.40
6.5 4.25 10.25
203.20 203.20 19.05 6.08 #14 – #28 165.1 108.0 260.4
8 8 3/4 13.35
#9 203.20 203.20 19.05 6.06
8 8 1 17.73 Plastic Nut Caps for Grade 150 Bars
#10 203.20 203.20 25.40 8.04
10 10 1 27.86 Nominal Diameter A B C
#11 254.00 254.00 25.40 12.64 in in in in
10 10 1 1/2 41.37 (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
#14 254.00 254.00 38.10 18.76
1 – 1 3/8 3.5 2.25 6.75
10 10 2 54.21 26 – 36 88.9 57.2 171.5
#18 254.00 254.00 50.80 24.59
1 3/4 – 3 6.5 4.25 10.25
10 10 2 1/2 67.06 46 – 75 165.1 108.0 260.4
#20 254.00 254.00 63.50 30.42
* “O” ring seal in base of cap.
10 10 2 1/2 65.46
#24 254.00 254.00 63.50 29.69
12 12 2 3/4 104.26
#28 304.80 304.80 69.85 47.29 Anchor Nuts†
Grade 150 Bar A N
Nominal
A B C Weight L
Diameter
in in in lbs
in
(mm) (mm) (mm) (kg) Grade 150 Anchor Nuts
(mm)
1 6 6 1 1/4 12.76 Diameter A L N Weight

26 152.4 152.4 31.8 5.79
in in in in lbs
1 1/4 7 7 1 1/2 20.84 (mm) mm mm mm kgs
32 177.8 177.8 38.1 9.45
1 3/8 8 8 1 3/4 31.76 1 1.750 2.360 2.45 1.44
36 203.2 203.2 44.5 14.41 26 44.5 59.9 62.2 0.65
1 3/4 9 9 1 3/4 40.20 1 1/4 2.125 3.125 3.15 3.03
46 228.6 228.6 44.5 18.23 32 54.0 79.5 80.0 1.37
2 1/4 10 10 2 1/2 70.89 1 3/8 2.375 3.375 3.5 4.05
57 254.0 254.0 63.5 32.16 36 60.3 85.9 88.9 1.84
2 1/2 10 10 2 1/2 70.89 1 3/4 3.000 4.000 4.2 7.05
65 254.0 254.0 63.5 32.16 46 76.2 101.6 106.7 3.20
3 12 12 2 3/4 112.31 2 1/4 4.250 5.500 5.6 20.24
75 304.8 304.8 69.9 50.94 57 108.0 139.7 142.2 9.18
† Consult your sales representative for availability of additional threads and grades.
Forged Eye Corrosion Protection

B
C Threaded
Portion
Threaded
Portion
A B C D E F
Bar
Designation in in in in in in
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
6.1 2.5 2.4 19.9 8.1 2.0

#14
155 63 60 505 207 50
6.1 2.5 2.4 19.9 8.1 2.0
#18 155 63 60 505 207 50
7.1 3.0 3.0 20.5 9.8 2.5
#20 180 76 76 520 248 63 All threaded bars can be supplied with a protective
7.1 3.0 3.0 20.5 9.8 2.5 smooth-walled PVC tube. While the standard PVC tube is
#24 180 76 76 520 248 63 0.035 inch thick, other options are available upon request.
9.2 3.5 3.5 22.2 12.3 3.0
#28 230 88 90 565 312 75 The following additional corrosion protection options are
Threads on forged eye will be metric. Conversion couplers available (transition) for all Nucor available for all threaded bars:
Skyline thread forms.
Contact your Nucor Skyline sales representative for assistance with connection details. Single Corrosion Protection (SCP)
Double Corrosion Protection (DCP)

• Encapsulating: Grease or Grout
Transitional Coupler for Forged Eye
• Epoxy Coating
L
X Y • Galvanizing
Metric Skyline Steel
Thread Form Thread Form • Painting
• Plating
OD
• Taping
Oversized accessories are provided to accommodate

OD L X Y Weight galvanized and coated bars.
Bar
Designation in in in in lb
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (kg) Please contact your Nucor Skyline Geostructural Solutions
Representative for recommendations on the system that
3.50 9.8 4.00 4.57 18.4
M56 – #14
88.90 248.92 101.6 116.0 8.4 will best suit your requirements.
3.50 9.8 4.00 4.57 15.6
M56 – #18 88.90 248.92 101.6 116.0 7.1
4.75 12.0 5.38 5.38 39.2
M72 – #20 120.65 304.80 136.5 136.5 17.8
4.75 12.0 5.38 5.38 34.9
M72 – #24 120.65 304.80 136.5 136.5 15.8
5.50 13.3 6.00 6.00 48.5
M85 – #28 139.70 337.82 152.4 152.4 22.0
Tie Bars without Articulation
Normal End Threads Upset Forged Threads
Thread Shaft
Thread Shaft Recommended
Diameter Diameter Tensile Yield Ultimate Gross Yield Ultimate Design Capacity
Stress Area Capacity Capacity Area Capacity Capacity
Bar
DT Dg As Thy Thu Ag Shy Shu ASD* LRFD*
in in in 2
kips kips in2
kips kips kips kips
mm mm mm2 kN kN mm2 kN kN kN kN
3.3 2.99 7.67 556 734 4.99 362 477 217 344
M 85/76
85 76 4,948 2,474 3,266 3,217 1,608 2,123 963 1,528
3.5 3.15 8.67 628 830 5.63 408 539 244 388
M 90/80 90 80 5,591 2,795 3,690 3,632 1,816 2,397 1,087 1,725
3.7 3.35 9.72 705 931 6.31 458 604 274 435
M 95/85 95 85 6,273 3,137 4,140 4,072 2,036 2,687 1,219 1,934
3.9 3.54 10.84 786 1,038 7.03 510 673 305 484
M 100/90 100 90 6,995 3,497 4,616 4,536 2,268 2,994 1,358 2,155
4.1 3.74 12.02 872 1,151 7.79 565 746 338 537
M 105/95 105 95 7,755 3,878 5,119 5,027 2,513 3,318 1,505 2,388
4.3 3.94 13.26 962 1,269 8.80 638 842 381 606
M 110/100 110 100 8,556 4,278 5,647 5,675 2,837 3,745 1,694 2,695
4.5 4.13 14.56 1,056 1,394 9.86 715 944 418 669
M 115/105 115 105 9,395 4,697 6,201 6,362 3,181 4,199 1,860 2,976
4.7 4.33 15.92 1,155 1,524 9.86 715 944 428 679
M 120/110 120 110 10,274 5,137 6,781 6,362 3,181 4,199 1,905 3,022
4.9 4.53 17.35 1,258 1,661 10.99 797 1,052 477 757
M 125/115 125 115 11,191 5,596 7,386 7,088 3,544 4,678 2,122 3,367
5.1 4.72 18.83 1,366 1,803 12.17 883 1,165 529 839
M 130/120 130 120 12,149 6,074 8,018 7,854 3,927 5,184 2,351 3,731
5.3 4.92 20.37 1,478 1,950 13.42 973 1,285 583 925
M 135/125 135 125 13,145 6,573 8,676 8,659 4,330 5,715 2,593 4,113
5.5 5.12 21.98 1,594 2,104 14.73 1,068 1,410 631 1,010
M 140/130 140 130 14,181 7,090 9,359 9,503 4,752 6,272 2,808 4,492
5.7 5.31 23.65 1,715 2,264 14.73 1,068 1,410 640 1,015
M 145/135 145 135 15,256 7,628 10,069 9,503 4,752 6,272 2,845 4,514
5.9 5.51 25.37 1,840 2,429 16.10 1,168 1,541 699 1,109
M 150/140 150 140 16,370 8,185 10,804 10,387 5,193 6,855 3,110 4,934
6.1 5.71 27.16 1,970 2,600 17.53 1,271 1,678 761 1,208
M 155/145 155 145 17,524 8,762 11,566 11,310 5,655 7,464 3,386 5,372
6.3 5.91 29.01 2,104 2,777 19.02 1,379 1,821 826 1,310
M 160/150 160 150 18,716 9,358 12,353 12,272 6,136 8,099 3,674 5,829
6.5 6.10 30.92 2,242 2,960 20.57 1,492 1,969 888 1,417
M 165/155 165 155 19,948 9,974 13,166 13,273 6,637 8,760 3,950 6,305
The recommended design capacities are based on AISC/ASD and AASHTO/LRFD design methodologies for steel structures and retaining walls. Additional reduction factors from EN1993-5 are applied to
the tie-rods based on their ability to articulate. Sample calculations can be found on pages 43 and 45 of this brochure.
Tie Bars with Articulation
Forged Eye Forged Spherical End Threaded and Spherical Nut
Thread Shaft
Diameter Diameter Tensile Yield Ultimate Gross Yield Ultimate Design Capacity
Bar
in in in2
kips kips in 2
kips kips kips kips
3.3 2.99 7.67 556 734 7.03 510 673 305 484
M 85/76
85 76 4,948 2,474 3,266 4,536 2,268 2,994 1,358 2,155
3.5 3.15 8.67 628 830 7.79 565 746 338 537
M 90/80 90 80 5,591 2,795 3,690 5,027 2,513 3,318 1,505 2,388
3.7 3.35 9.72 705 931 8.80 638 842 382 606
M 95/85 95 85 6,273 3,137 4,140 5,675 2,837 3,745 1,699 2,695
3.9 3.54 10.84 786 1,038 9.86 715 944 428 679
M 100/90 100 90 6,995 3,497 4,616 6,362 3,181 4,199 1,905 3,022
4.1 3.74 12.02 872 1,151 10.99 797 1,052 477 757
M 105/95
105 95 7,755 3,878 5,119 7,088 3,544 4,678 2,122 3,367
4.3 3.94 13.26 962 1,269 12.17 883 1,165 529 839
M 110/100 110 100 8,556 4,278 5,647 7,854 3,927 5,184 2,351 3,731
4.5 4.13 14.56 1,056 1,394 13.42 973 1,285 583 925
M 115/105 115 105 9,395 4,697 6,201 8,659 4,330 5,715 2,593 4,113
4.7 4.33 15.92 1,155 1,524 14.73 1,068 1,410 640 1,015
M 120/110 120 110 10,274 5,137 6,781 9,503 4,752 6,272 2,845 4,514
4.9 4.53 17.35 1,258 1,661 16.10 1,168 1,541 699 1,109
M 125/115 125 115 11,191 5,596 7,386 10,387 5,193 6,855 3,110 4,934
5.1 4.72 18.83 1,366 1,803 17.53 1,271 1,678 761 1,208
M 130/120 130 120 12,149 6,074 8,018 11,310 5,655 7,464 3,386 5,372
5.3 4.92 20.37 1,478 1,950 19.02 1,379 1,821 826 1,310
M 135/125 135 125 13,145 6,573 8,676 12,272 6,136 8,099 3,674 5,829
5.5 5.12 21.98 1,594 2,104 20.57 1,492 1,969 893 1,417
M 140/130 140 130 14,181 7,090 9,359 13,273 6,637 8,760 3,974 6,305
5.7 5.31 23.65 1,715 2,264 22.19 1,609 2,124 963 1,528
M 145/135 145 135 15,256 7,628 10,069 14,314 7,157 9,447 4,286 6,799
5.9 5.51 25.37 1,840 2,429 23.86 1,730 2,284 1,036 1,644
M 150/140 150 140 16,370 8,185 10,804 15,394 7,697 10,160 4,609 7,312
6.1 5.71 27.16 1,970 2,600 25.60 1,856 2,450 1,111 1,763
M 155/145 155 145 17,524 8,762 11,566 16,513 8,256 10,899 4,944 7,844
6.3 5.91 29.01 2,104 2,777 27.39 1,986 2,622 1,189 1,887
M 160/150 160 150 18,716 9,358 12,353 17,671 8,836 11,663 5,291 8,394
6.5 6.10 30.92 2,242 2,960 29.25 2,121 2,800 1,270 2,015
M 165/155 165 155 19,948 9,974 13,166 18,869 9,435 12,454 5,649 8,963
Hot Rolled Threaded Bars†
Approx. Major
Thread Diameter
Hot Rolled Threaded Bar – Grade 75/100 – ASTM A 615
Nominal Min. Net Area Min. Ultimate Min. Yield Nominal Approx. Major Max.
Bar Thread
Grade Diameter Thru Threads Strength Strength Weight Thread Diameter Length
(mm) (mm2) (kN) (kN) (kg/m) (mm) (m)
3/4 0.44 44 33 1.5 0.86 60

#6 75 Left Hand
20 284.00 196 147 2.24 21.8 18
7/8 0.60 60 45 2.04 0.99 60

#7 75 Left Hand
22 387.00 267 200 3.04 25.1 18
1 0.79 79 59.3 2.67 1.12 60

#8 75 Left Hand
25 510.00 351 264 3.98 28.4 18
1-1/8 1.00 100 75 3.4 1.26 60

#9 75 Left Hand
28 645.00 449 333 5.06 32 18
1-1/4 1.27 127 95.3 4.3 1.43 60

#10 75 Left Hand
32 819.00 565 423 6.41 36.3 18
1-3/8 1.56 156 117 5.31 1.61 60

#11 75 35 1006.00 694 520 7.91 40.9
Left Hand 18
1-3/4 2.25 225 168.8 7.65 1.86 60

75 Right Hand
45 1452.00 1001 751 11.39 47.2 18
#14
1-3/4 2.25 259 225 7.65 1.86 60
100 Right Hand
45 1452.00 1152 1001 11.39 47.2 18
Hot rolled threaded bars conform (Excluding the requirement of: “legibly rolled surface markings.”) to the requirements of ASTM A 615 Grade 75 ksi (520 Mpa) “Standard Specification for Deformed
Carbon Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement”
Hot Rolled Threaded Bar Accessories
Couplers Hex Nuts (Full Load and Jam Nuts)

OD L
A B A C
Hex Nut Jam Nut
Grade 75 – ASTM A 576, A 108 Grade 75 – ASTM A 576, A 108

Weight
Nominal Nominal
Bar Diameter OD L Weight Bar Diameter A B C lbs
Designation Designation (kg)
in in in lbs in in in in
(mm) (mm) (mm) (kg) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Full Jam
3/4 1.25 3.125 0.62 3/4 1.125 1.45 0.87 0.26 0.16
#6 #6
20 31.75 79.37 0.28 20 28.57 36.83 22.10 0.12 0.07
7/8 1.50 3.75 0.93 7/8 1.375 1.75 0.87 0.43 0.21
#7 #7
22 38.10 95.25 0.42 22 34.92 44.45 22.10 0.20 0.10
1 1.625 4.00 1.37 1 1.50 1.84 0.87 0.56 0.26
#8 #8
25 41.27 101.60 0.62 25 38.10 46.74 22.10 0.25 0.12
1-1/8 1.875 5.00 2.31 1-1/8 1.75 2.25 0.87 0.97 0.37
#9 #9
28 47.62 127.00 1.05 28 44.45 57.15 22.10 0.43 0.17
1-1/4 2.00 5.75 2.77 1-1/4 2.00 2.50 1.00 1.43 0.56
#10 #10
32 50.80 146.05 1.26 32 50.80 63.50 25.40 0.65 0.25
1-3/8 2.25 6.40 3.79 1-3/8 2.25 2.75 1.00 1.52 0.53
#11 #11
35 57.15 162.56 1.72 35 57.15 69.85 25.40 0.69 0.24
1-3/4 2.88 7.85 5.49 1-3/4 2.50 3.60 1.00 3.02 0.82
#14 45 73.15 192.53 2.49
#14 45 63.50 91.44 25.40 1.37 0.37
Hardened Washers Beveled Washers
A A A C
B C
B B
D
Grade 75 – ASTM F 436 Grade 75 – F 436, A536 80-55-06
Nominal Nominal
Bar Diameter A B C Weight Bar Diameter A B C D Bevel Weight
Designation Designation degrees
in in in in lbs in in in in in lbs
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (kg) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (kg)
3/4 1.75 0.938 .136 0.07 3/4 1.75 .95 .78 .32 .32
#6 #6 15
20 44.45 23.83 3.45 0.03 20 44.45 24.13 19.81 8.13 0.15
7/8 2.00 1.063 .136 0.09 7/8 1.75 1.14 .78 .32 .37
#7 #7 15
22 50.80 27.00 3.45 0.04 22 44.45 28.96 19.81 8.13 0.17
1 2.25 1.188 .136 0.11 1 1.75 1.14 .78 .23 .37
#8 #8 15
25 57.15 30.18 3.45 0.05 25 44.45 28.96 19.81 5.84 0.17
1-1/8 2.50 1.375 .136 0.13 1-1/8 2.63 1.38 .93 .23 .64
#9 #9 15
28 63.50 34.92 3.45 0.06 28 66.80 31.75 23.62 5.84 0.29
1-1/4 2.75 1.531 .136 0.16 1-1/4 2.75 1.63 .97 .23 .66
#10 #10 15
32 69.85 38.89 3.45 0.07 32 69.85 41.40 24.64 5.84 0.30
1-3/8 3.00 1.625 .136 0.19 1-3/8 3.09 1.75 1.06 .23 .93
#11 #11 15
35 76.20 41.27 3.45 0.09 35 78.49 44.45 26.92 5.84 0.45
1-3/4 3.25 1.77 .178 0.30 1-3/4 4.00 2.13 1.29 .23 1.94
#14 #14 15
45 82.55 44.96 4.52 0.14 45 10.16 54.10 32.77 5.84 0.88
* Dimension of nuts and couplers are for standard thread sizes. Contact your local Nucor Skyline representative for coated or galvanized bars values.
Hollow Bar and Accessories
Commercial Grade Hollow Bar
Average Inner Nominal Outer

Diameter Diameter
“T” Threaded Hollow Bar Systems
Nominal Average Cross Ultimate Yield Approx. Major Nominal

Bar Outer Diameter Inner Diameter Sectional Area Load Load Thread Diameter Weight
Designation in in in2 kips kips in lbs/ft
(mm) (mm) (mm2) (kN) (kN) (mm) (kg/m)
1.18 0.43 0.64 72.0 58.5 1.30 2.2

T30/11
30 11 413 320 260 33 3.3
1.57 0.79 1.13 121.4 95.6 1.70 3.8

T40/20 40 20 726 540 425 43.2 5.6
1.57 0.63 1.40 148.4 118.1 1.70 4.8

T40/16 40 16 903 660 525 43.2 7.2
2.05 1.03 1.94 208.0 170.0 2.20 6.7

T52/26 52 26 1251 925 756 55.9 9.9
3.00 2.00 3.35 319.0 252.0 3.20 10.2

T76N 76 51 2161 1418 1120 81.3 15.2
3.00 1.77 4.03 418.0 330.0 3.20 13.2

T76S
76 45 2600 1859 1467 81.3 19.7
4.06 3.00 4.87 510.5 404.8 4.20 17.0

T103/78 103 78 3142 2270 1800 106.7 25.3
4.06 2.00 8.80 823.0 600.4 4.20 30.0

T103/51 103 51 5677 3660 2670 106.7 44.6
Average Inner Nominal Outer

Diameter Diameter
“R” Threaded Hollow Bar
Nominal Outer Average Inner Effective Outer Cross Ultimate Yield Approx. Major Nominal
Bar Diameter Diameter Diameter Sectional Area Load Load Thread Diameter Weight
Designation in in in in2 kips kips in lbs/ft
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (kN) (kN) (mm) (kg/m)
1.26 0.63 1.15 0.76 81 62 1.38 2.700

R32S
32 16 29.1 488 360 275 35 4.00
1.50 0.75 1.41 1.11 112 86 1.62 3.415

R38Nx19mm ID 38 19 35.7 717 498 382 41 5.08
2.01 1.30 1.88 1.46 177 141 2.13 5.700

R51N 51 33 47.8 939 787 627 54 8.50
Commercial Grade Hollow Bar Accessories
Couplers Hex Nuts Centralizers
A B A C
Size OD L
Hex Nut Jam Nut
“T” Threaded Hollow Bar Couplers “T” Threaded Hollow Bar Hex Nuts Hollow Bar Centralizers
OD L Weight A B Weight OD L Weight

Bar Bar
in in lbs in in lbs Size in in lbs
Designation Designation
(mm) (mm) (kg) (mm) (mm) (kg) (mm) (mm) (kg)
1.5 4.2 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.0 2.75 1.40 0.5

T30/11 T30/11
38 105 0.45 46.0 36.0 0.45 70 35 0.21
T30
2.1 5.5 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.7 3.40 1.40 0.6
T40/20 T40/20
53 140 1.18 64.0 50.0 1.22 88 35 0.27
2.1 5.5 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.6 3.40 1.50 0.8

T40/16 T40/16 T40
53 140 1.18 64.0 50.0 1.18 88 40 0.37
2.7 6.25 5.2 3.2 2.5 5.1 4.40 1.40 1.0

T52/26 68.5 160 2.36
T52/26 81 63.5 2.31
T52 112 35 0.41
3.8 8.0 10.2 4.0 3.1 6.2 5.00 1.75 2.0

T76N T76N T76
97 200 4.54 102.0 80.0 2.81 130 45 0.89
3.8 8.7 14.4 4.0 3.1 6.2 6.40 3.20 6.5

T76S T76S T103
97 220 6.53 102.0 80.0 2.81 165 80 2.94
5.2 11.5 30.5 5.25 5.125 13.0

T103 T103
132 292 13.8 133.0 130 5.90
“R” Threaded Hollow Bar Couplers “R” Threaded Hollow Bar Hex Nuts
OD L Weight A B Weight
Bar Bar
Designation in in lbs Designation in in lbs
(mm) (mm) (kg) (mm) (mm) (kg)
1.7 7.5 2.0 1.8 3.0 2.0

R32S R32S
43 190 0.91 46.0 65.0 0.91
2.5 8.7 3.8 2.0 2.0 1.3

R38Nx19mm R38Nx19mm
64 220 1.72 51.0 60.0 0.59
2.5 8.0 4.2 3.0 3.0 3.5

R51N R51N
64 200 1.91 76.0 70.0 1.59
Domestic Hollow Bar and Accessories
Nominal
Average Inner
Outer
Diameter
Diameter
“T” Threaded Hollow Bar Systems*
Nominal Outer Average Inner Cross Minimum Minimum Approx. Major

Nominal Weight
Bar Diameter Diameter Sectional Area Ultimate Load Yield Load Thread Diameter
Designation lbs/ft
in in in2 kips kips in
(kg/m)
(mm) (mm) (mm2) (kN) (kN) (mm)
1.57 0.63 1.36 148 118 1.625 4.9

T40/16
40 16 879 660 525 41.3 7.3
1.57 0.79 1.13 127 95.6 1.70 4.4

T40/20 40 20 726 565 425 43.2 6.5
2.05 1.03 2.07 227 179 2.125 6.8

T52/26 52 26 1337 1009 796 54.0 10.1
3.00 2.01 3.20 319 252 3.000 11.1

T76/51 76 51 2065 1418 1120 76.2 16.5
3.00 1.77 3.90 418 330 3.000 13.2

T76/45 76 45 2516 1859 1467 76.2 19.7
Couplers Anchor Hex Nuts
A A
OD L L
“T” Threaded Hollow Bar Couplers* “T” Threaded Hollow Bar Anchor Hex Nuts*
OD L Weight A L Weight
Bar Bar
Designation in in lbs Designation in in lbs
(mm) (mm) (kg) (mm) (mm) (kg)
2.500 5.50 5.10 2.50 2.0 5.87

HBC PL 40 HBHN 40
63.5 139.7 2.31 63.5 50.8 2.66
3.125 6.00 11.39 3.35 3.0 10.04

HBC PL 52 HBHN 52
79.375 152.4 5.17 85.09 76.2 4.55
3.75 7.875 34.81 4.00 3.1 23.81

HBC PL 760 HBHN 760
95.25 200.03 15.79 101.6 78.7 10.80
* Meets “Buy America” requirements.
Hollow Bar Bits
Carbide Cross, Steel Cross Cut , and Button Bits Drill Bit Adaptors
Size Weight Weight

Bar Sizes in lbs/unit Adaptors lbs/unit
(mm) (kg/unit) (kg/unit)
T30 2.0 1.0 0.20

50.8 0.45
R32 x R38 0.09
2.5 2.0 0.30

63.5 0.91
R38 x R51
0.13
3.0 2.9 0.30

76.2 1.32
T30 x T40 0.13
T40 2.5 2.0 Call for job specific quotes. Price depends on quantities.
63.5 0.91
3.0 2.9
76.2 1.32
3.5 3.5
88.9 1.59
4.0 5.5
101.6 2.49
4.5 7.0
114.3 3.18
5.0 10.5
127.0 4.76
6.0 13.0
152.4 5.90
T52 4.5 7.0

114.3 3.18
5.0 10.5
127.0 4.76
6.0 13.0
152.4 5.90
T76 5.0 10.5

127.0 4.76
6.0 13.0
152.4 5.90
7.0 14.5
177.8 6.58
8.0 16.0
203.2 7.26
R32 2.0 1.0

50.8 0.45
2.5 2.0
63.5 0.91
3.0 2.9
76.2 1.32
R38 3.0 2.9

76.2 1.32
3.5 3.5
88.9 1.59
R51 4.0 5.5

101.6 2.49
4.5 7.0
114.3 3.18
5.0 10.5
127.0 4.76
6.0 13.0
152.4 5.90
All bits subject to availability. Call for stock quantities. Specialty bits available upon request.
Product Detail: Hollow Bar Systems
Hollow Bars
Hollow bars are fully threaded, “disposable” drill rods capable of drilling holes utilizing sacrificial bits that will
advance the drill string to the required depth and then allow them to be grouted in place. This process creates the
steel reinforcing portion of an anchor or pile. Hollow bar products are a valuable and multi-functional addition to
the geotechnical contractor’s toolbox. They can be used as tie back or tie down anchors, rock anchors, soil nails and
micropiles in a large array of challenging applications.
There are three basic types of drill bits for use with hollow bars: versatile cross cut bits in carbide or hardened steel,
button bits for intact rock in carbide or hardened steel and steel stepped clay bits for cohesive soils. The selection of the
drill bit type and size is based on the material that is being drilled through and the desired borehole diameter. A larger
borehole diameter provides greater load carrying capacity and greater grout cover. Grout cover protects the anchor rod from
corroding. Depending on the actual soil type, a 2.5 inch diameter bit can produce a 6 to 8 inch diameter grout column.
Production rates are increased through the use of hollow bar systems, as compared to traditional solid bar anchors. This
is especially true when drilling through difficult conditions. In sites with low headroom, large scale drilling rigs and hole
casing systems can be avoided. With drill rigs where “through the head grouting” is not available, grout swivels can be
used to retrofit standard rotary percussion drills.
Hollow Bar Corrosion Protection

The level of corrosion protection is dependent on the anticipated service life of the anchor, installation methods, and
the corrosion potential (aggressiveness) of the environment. The FHWA has studied the effects of installation on both
galvanized and epoxy coated bars as reported in FHWA CFL/TD10-002. This study revealed epoxy coatings were both
partially and completely removed at the leading edge of the screw profile and around the couplings.
The installations were constructed using hollow bars as both the drill rod and reinforcement. The effects of the removal
reduced the service life of the bar substantially by creating concentrated locations for potential corrosion. As such, the
designer should evaluate all possibilities when determining the level of corrosion protection required.
Hot Dipped Galvanizing

Hot dipped galvanizing is a form of galvanization and is the process of
coating a base metal such as steel with molten zinc. The zinc acts as a
sacrificial material to the steel. The galvanized coating is manufactured in
accordance with ASTM A 53 standards and is more resistant to handling
than epoxy coatings.
Sacrificial Steel
Using sacrificial steel as a form of corrosion protection requires a
geotechnical evaluation of the corrosivity of the soils. The estimated loss of
steel thickness is calculated and then the hollow bar is designed with the
additional increase in thickness.
16 Nucor Skyline: Geostructural Solutions

Product Detail: Hollow Bar Systems
Steel Thickness Reduction Values Due to Corrosion
Loss of Thickness Due to Corrosion for Piles in Soil with or without Groundwater
5 Years 25 Years 50 Years 75 Years 100 Years

Required design working life
in / mm
Undisturbed natural soils (sand, clay, schist, …) 0.000 0.012 0.024 0.035 0.047
0.00 0.30 0.60 0.90 1.20
Polluted natural soils and industrial grounds 0.006 0.030 0.059 0.089 0.118
0.15 0.75 1.50 2.25 3.00
Aggressive natural soils (swamp, marsh, peat, …) 0.008 0.039 0.069 0.098 0.128
0.20 1.00 1.75 2.50 3.25
Non-compacted and non-aggressive fills (clay, schist, sand, silt, …) 0.007 0.028 0.047 0.067 0.087
0.18 0.70 1.20 1.70 2.20
Non-compacted and aggressive fills (ashes, slag, …) 0.020 0.079 0.128 0.177 0.226
0.50 2.00 3.25 4.50 5.75
Notes:
1. Corrosion rates in compacted fills are lower than those in non-compacted ones. In compacted fills, the figures in the table should
be divided by two.
2. The values given are only for guidance. Local conditions should be considered because they may affect the actual corrosion rate,
which can be lower or higher than the average value given in the table.
3. The values given for 5 and 25 years are based on measurements, whereas the other values are extrapolated.
Loss of Thickness Due to Corrosion for Piles in Fresh Water or in Sea Water

in / mm
Common fresh water (river, ship canal, …) in the zone of high 0.006 0.022 0.035 0.045 0.055
attack (water line) 0.15 0.55 0.90 1.15 1.40
Very polluted fresh water (sewage, industrial effluent, …) in the 0.012 0.051 0.091 0.130 0.169
zone of high attack (water line) 0.30 1.30 2.30 3.30 4.30
Sea water in temperate climate in the zone of high attack 0.022 0.074 0.148 0.220 0.295
(low water and splash zones) 0.55 1.90 3.75 5.60 7.50
Sea water in temperate climate in the zone of permanent 0.010 0.035 0.069 0.102 0.138
immersion or in the intertidal zone 0.25 0.90 1.75 2.60 3.50
Notes:
1. The highest corrosion rate is usually found at the splash zone or at the low water level in tidal waters. However, in most cases, the
highest stresses are in the permanent immersion zone.
Micropile Casing
Threaded Casing for Micropile
Micropile Casing
Cross External
Outside Thickness Inside Weight Sectional Total Area Internal Surface Moment Section
Diameter Diameter Area of Shaft Volume Area of Inertia Modulus
in in in lbs/ft in2 in2 ft3/ft ft2/ft in4 in3
mm mm mm kg/m cm2 cm2 m3/m m2/m cm4 cm3
5.500 0.415 4.670 22.56 6.63 23.76 0.12 1.44 21.57 7.84
139.700 10.541 118.618 33.57 42.77 153.28 0.011 0.44 897.80 128.47
6.625 0.432 5.761 28.60 8.40 34.47 0.18 1.73 40.49 12.22
168.275 10.973 146.329 42.56 54.23 222.40 0.017 0.53 1685.31 200.25
7.000 0.408 6.184 28.75 8.45 38.48 0.21 1.83 46.07 13.16
177.800 10.363 157.073 42.79 54.51 248.29 0.019 0.56 1917.56 215.65
7.000 0.453 6.094 31.70 9.32 38.48 0.20 1.83 50.16 14.33 Cross Sectional Area
177.800 11.506 154.787 47.18 60.11 248.29 0.019 0.56 2087.80 234.83
7.000 0.500 6.000 34.74 10.21 38.48 0.20 1.83 54.24 15.50
177.800 12.700 152.400 51.70 65.87 248.29 0.018 0.56 2257.62 254.00
7.625 0.430 6.765 33.07 9.72 45.66 0.25 2.00 63.12 16.56
193.675 10.922 171.831 49.21 62.71 294.60 0.023 0.61 2627.23 271.31
7.625 0.500 6.625 38.08 11.19 45.66 0.24 2.00 71.37 18.72
193.675 12.700 168.275 56.67 72.21 294.60 0.022 0.61 2970.62 306.76
8.625 0.500 7.625 43.43 12.76 58.43 0.32 2.26 105.72 24.51 Total Area of Shaft
219.075 12.700 193.675 64.63 82.34 376.94 0.029 0.69 4400.36 401.65
8.625 0.562 7.501 48.44 14.24 58.43 0.31 2.26 116.25 26.96
219.075 14.275 190.525 72.09 91.84 376.94 0.029 0.69 4838.65 441.79
9.625 0.472 8.681 46.18 13.57 72.76 0.41 2.52 142.51 29.61
244.475 11.989 220.497 68.73 87.56 469.42 0.038 0.77 5931.67 485.22
9.625 0.545 8.535 52.90 15.55 72.76 0.40 2.52 160.80 33.41
244.475 13.843 216.789 78.73 100.30 469.42 0.037 0.77 6692.95 547.49
10.750 0.500 9.750 54.79 16.10 90.76 0.52 2.81 211.95 39.43
273.050 12.700 247.650 81.54 103.87 585.56 0.048 0.86 8821.95 646.14
10.75 0.545 9.660 59.46 17.47 90.76 0.51 2.81 228.10 42.44
273.050 13.843 245.364 88.49 112.73 585.56 0.047 0.86 9494.16 695.46
10.75 0.595 9.560 64.59 18.98 90.76 0.50 2.81 245.53 45.68 External Surface Area
273.050 15.113 242.824 96.12 122.47 585.56 0.046 0.86 10219.65 748.56
11.875 0.582 10.711 70.26 20.65 110.75 0.63 3.11 330.04 55.59
301.624 14.783 272.059 104.56 133.21 714.53 0.058 0.95 13737.19 910.95
12.75 0.500 11.750 65.48 19.24 127.68 0.75 3.34 361.54 56.71
323.849 12.700 298.449 97.45 124.14 823.71 0.070 1.02 15048.31 929.31
13.375 0.480 12.415 66.17 19.45 140.50 0.84 3.50 404.73 60.52
339.724 12.192 315.340 98.47 125.45 906.45 0.078 1.07 16846.00 991.74
13.375 0.514 12.347 70.67 20.77 140.50 0.83 3.50 430.07 64.31
339.724 13.056 313.613 105.17 133.98 906.45 0.077 1.07 17900.72 1053.85
Contact your Nucor Skyline representative for additional diameters, lengths, and starter details.
Prime 80 ksi micropile now available. Please inquire about available sizes.
Micropile casing installed with fully threaded 75 ksi Female and male casing cut and bundled to Saver-subs available to fit all sizes of casing
bar reinforcement specifications
Micropile Casing
Micropile Casing Accessories

Nucor Skyline is positioned to deliver complete accessory packages with your threaded casing. We
understand the urgency of your project and stock a wide range of micropile casing accessories for
immediate delivery.
J-Teeth Grout Heads Duplex Adapters
Ring Bits Shear Rings Flange Adapters
Casing Shoes Protective Caps Casing Crossover Subs
Tooling Items
Custom machining is available for duplex and flange adapters to match casing, drill, and drill system
requirements. We can also fabricate crossover subs to fit any existing tooling items.
Nucor Skyline offers the following tooling items for the installation of micropile casing:
Air Swivels API Crossover Subs API Drill Rods (2 3/8 in to 6 5/8 in)
Breakout Wrenches Casing Crowns Cushion Subs
Diverter Heads Downhole Hammers Downhole Hammer Bits
Drag Bits Floating Subs Flushing Heads
Grout Swivels Ictology Bits Stabilizers
Tricone Bits
Casing accessories include duplex and flange adapters Downhole hammers and bits are available in various API drill rods and casing subs are typical tooling items
sizes and shank configurations
Multi-Strand Anchor Systems
Multi-Strand Anchor Systems
Multi-Strand Anchors - ASTM A416
Nominal Ultimate Maximum Maximum Maximum Nominal

Cross Section Area Strength Jacking Load Design Load Lockoff Load Steel Weight
No. of (Aps) (Fpu x Aps) (0.8 x Fpu x Aps) (0.6 x Fpu x Aps) (0.5 x Fpu x Aps) (Bare Strand)
0.6” Strands
in² kips kips kips kips lbs/ft
mm² kN kN kN kN kg/m
0.217 58.6 46.9 35.2 29.3 0.74
1
140 261 209 156 130 1.10
0.434 117.2 93.8 70.3 58.6 1.48
2
280 521 417 313 261 2.20
0.651 175.8 140.6 105.5 87.9 2.22
3
420 782 626 469 391 3.31
0.868 234.4 187.5 140.6 117.2 2.96
4
560 1043 834 626 521 4.41
1.085 293.0 234.4 175.8 146.5 3.70
5
700 1303 1043 782 652 5.51
1.302 351.6 281.3 211.0 175.8 4.44
6
840 1564 1251 938 782 6.61
1.519 410.2 328.2 246.1 205.1 5.18
7
980 1825 1460 1095 912 7.71
1.736 468.8 375.0 281.3 234.4 5.92
8
1120 2085 1668 1251 1043 8.82
1.953 527.4 421.9 316.4 263.7 6.66
9
1260 2346 1877 1408 1173 9.92
2.170 586.0 468.8 351.6 293.0 7.40
10
1400 2607 2085 1564 1303 11.02
2.387 644.6 515.7 386.8 322.3 8.14
11
1540 2867 2294 1720 1434 12.12
2.604 703.2 562.6 421.9 351.6 8.88
12
1680 3128 2503 1877 1564 13.22
2.821 761.8 609.4 457.1 380.9 9.62
13
1820 3389 2711 2033 1694 14.33
3.038 820.4 656.3 492.2 410.2 10.36
14
1960 3649 2920 2190 1825 15.43
3.255 879.0 703.2 527.4 439.5 11.10
15
2100 3910 3128 2346 1955 16.53
3.472 937.6 750.1 562.6 468.8 11.84
16
2240 4171 3337 2503 2085 17.63
3.689 996.2 797.0 597.7 498.1 12.58
17
2380 4432 3545 2659 2216 18.73
3.906 1054.8 843.8 632.9 527.4 13.32
18
2520 4692 3754 2815 2346 19.84
4.123 1113.4 890.7 668.0 556.7 14.06
19
2660 4953 3962 2972 2476 20.94
Aps = Area Prestressing Steel, Fpu = Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength
Strand Anchors utilize 0.6” (15.2mm) dia. 7-wire, Low Relaxation 270 KSI Steel Strand conforming to ASTM A 416.
*Maximum lockoff load shall not exceed (0.7 x Fpu x Aps), maximum jacking load shall not exceed (0.8xFpu x Aps)
Now available: Hot Melt Extrusion Coated Strand. Consult your sales representative for information on load distributive or removable strand anchors.
Details of PTI Class I DCP Strand Anchor Head

STEEL ANCHORHEAD AØ
CAP (OPTIONAL)
Anchor Head & Duct Dimensions for DCP Strand Anchors
GR50 OR A36
Corrugated Sheath Trumpet Pipe Anchor Head
BEARING PLATE** Max.
H
No. of OD ID OD ID AØ H
Strands in in in in in in
mm mm mm mm mm mm
A500 2.33 2.00 4.00 3.548 4.70 1.80
STEEL TRUMPET PIPE 2-3
59.18 50.80 101.60 90.12 119.38 45.72
3.60 3.00 4.50 4.026 5.60 2.20
16” Typ.
3-7*
AASHTO M252
HDPE CORRUGATED
91.44 76.20 114.30 102.26 142.24 55.88
SHEATH
4.60 4.00 6.625 6.065 6.80 1.70
8-12* 116.84 101.60 168.28 154.05 172.72 43.18
* The above table is based on a 3/4” OD PE Grout Tube installed inside corrugated sheath, other variations
**Nucor Skyline can provide a customized bearing plate solution. available. Consult your sales representative.
Product Detail: Multi-Strand Anchors
Multi-Strand Ground Anchors

As a result of recent technological developments in the structural post-tensioning industry, the production of ground
anchors with a very high capacity is possible. The use of strand anchors in rock and soil anchor applications has become
a well respected tool in the geotechnical engineer’s arsenal of solutions. By utilizing the combined load carrying
capacity of multiple 0.6 inch diameter prestressing steel strands, loads which greatly exceed the tensile strength of any
single bar can be achieved.
Strand anchors can be produced in extremely long lengths. For instance, strand anchors measuring anywhere from
100 to 200 feet in length can be assembled, coiled and banded in one of our manufacturing locations and shipped on
wooden pallets via conventional flat-bed trucks.
In addition, many of the strand anchors used in temporary excavation support consist of seven strands or less. These
anchors can often be uncoiled and installed by hand. Strand anchors also generally require much less site storage space
and handling than bar anchors. We offer customized strand anchor manufacturing which allows for the design to be
optimized in terms of both load carrying capacity and geometry to meet the requirements of specific site conditions.
Nucor Skyline is committed to bringing the latest developments in global strand anchoring technology to the North
American geotechnical construction industry. Innovations such as load distributive and removable strand anchors are
available from Nucor Skyline. A key element in being able to use these technologies is having the practical installation
equipment to test and lock off these types of anchors.
Multi-strand anchors having individual strands of different lengths can pose many challenges when using traditional
hollow ram jacks. Our partnership with Samwoo allows us to offer a unique multi-ram manifold jack system that is
capable of maintaining an equal load in each strand, independent of the elongation.
Load Distributive Multi-Strand Anchors

Over the years, the geotechnical industry has benefited from improvements in the cost and performance of traditional
North American bundled multi-strand anchors. Over 20 years ago, the “Single Bore Multiple Anchor (SBMA)” concept, also
known as “Load Distributive Tensile Anchor (LDTA)” was developed. Load Distributive Compression Anchors (LDCA) were
introduced shortly thereafter. Nucor Skyline offers both tensile and compression load distributive strand anchor systems.
Relative Bond Stress Distribution
Tension Anchor Compression Anchors Load Distributive Compression

(North American Standard) Compression type anchors typically Anchors (LDCA)
As described in the Post- have a structure, such as a plate, A sensible method to overcome the
Tensioning Institute’s publication which transfers load to the bond limitations of the peak stress transfer
“Recommendations of Rock and length at the distal end of the tendon. effect to the ground is to more
Soil Anchors,” bond stresses are not The compression type anchor has equally distribute the stress over the
uniform over the tendon bond length. the advantage of exerting load to the entire bond length. Load distributive
When a tension load is applied to this grout as a compressive force. This type compression (LDCA) type anchors,
type of anchor, load transfer to the of anchor requires a high-strength such as those offered by the Samwoo
bond length is developed through grout. In addition, a similar bond stress system, apply load to multiple points
adhesion of the borehole grout to transfer mechanism to the ground still by using “anchor bodies” as a point of
the steel strand. Theoretical and occurs, but it takes place in the reverse load transfer. Sheathed strands end in
experimental analysis shows that the direction. each of the anchor bodies within the
bond stress concentration at the top anchor tendon. To optimize the entire
of the bond zone is fairly uniform length of the bond zone, the designer
at low loads. As the load increases, has the ability to specify the spacing or
de‑bonding of the strand/grout occurs location of the anchor bodies, resulting
and the peak bond stress moves down in a much more equal distribution of
the bond length. peak bond stress.
In strain sensitive soils, the residual The Smart Anchor, the most recent
bond stress could be significantly tensile type load distributive anchor
less than the ultimate bond stress. offering by Samwoo is capable of
To overcome this effect, designers securing stable loads in even relatively
sometimes extend the unbonded weak soils such as clay and silts. This
length of the anchor to a specific depth anchor has an anchor body with a
to attempt to load some of the bond bare strand tail behind it which greatly
length in compression. increases the bond stress distribution
at each anchor point.
LDCAs minimize creep and maximize

the holding power of a multi-strand
ground anchor.
Load Change Diagram

(Fig. 3-1)
Load Change Diagram Load Change Diagram

(Fig. 1) (Fig. 2)
Load Change Diagram
(Fig. 3-2)
Load Distribution Graph (Fig. A) Load Distribution Graph (Fig. B) Load Distribution Graph (Fig. C)

Load Distributive Tension Anchors (LDTA) – Smart Anchors

The Load Distributive Tension Anchors (LDTA), or
Smart Anchors, are load distributive tension type
removable anchors designed to uniformly transfer
skin friction to the grout body and soil. This is done ng
th
Le
ee
throughout the entire bond length, rather than Fr
applying a concentrated force at the distal end of the

anchor body. These anchors were developed for the Anchor
Head
purpose of securing anchorage forces in relatively Max Bracket

(Angle Free Bracket)
weak soils with N values less than 10. The removal

process for a smart anchor is similar to that used with
Removable Load Distributive Compression Anchors HDPE Extruded Steel Strand
w/Corrosion Inhibiting Grease
(LDCA-Removable). n gt
h
Anchor Body
Le
nd
Bo Block
Spacer
Compression Grip
Features
• The load distributive design allows the anchoring
force to be secured in soils with low confining Steel Strand
pressure (approx. N ≤ 10). Borehole Grout
• Minimizes the working space required for strand Borehole

)
removal.
2
(N
h
gt
Len
nd
• Removal cost is minimized by ease of strand Bo
removal in difficult soils.

• When applied to weak ground, constructability,
convenience and economic efficiency are (N
1)
th
outstanding, especially when compared to other Le
ng
nd
techniques. Bo
• Acceptable anchor performance is possible with a

lower strength grout than is required for LDCAs.
CLASS I CORROSION PROTECTION – (DCP)

Greased and Sheathed Portions
Bond Portions
CLASS II CORROSION PROTECTION – (SCP) Greased and Sheathed Portions
Bond Portions
Load Distributive Tension Anchors
Nucor Skyline: Geostructural Solutions 23

Permanent Load Distributive Compression Anchors (LDCA-Permanent)

The permanent Load Distributive Compression Anchors
(LDCA-Permanent) are intended to function for a period
of time exceeding two years, as recommended by the ng
th
Le
ee
Post-Tensioning Institute (PTI) manual. These anchors Fr
utilize a pre-stressing steel strand that is greased and

sheathed for outstanding corrosion resistance. The strand Concrete
Block
passes through the anchor body where it is held by a set Protection

Cap
of wedges. The wedges, set at the back side of the anchor Anchor
Head
body, are permanently factory set and do not have the

ability to be released from the anchor head. Le
ng
th
nd
Bo
The positioning of the wedges allows the jacking force to

HDPE Extruded Steel Strand th
ng
be distributed along the length of the anchor body. This w/Corrosion Inhibiting Grease
Fr
ee
Le
maximizes the effectiveness of the cross-sectional area

of the grout column in the borehole. In addition to being Concrete
Block
used in numerous applications, these anchors are mainly Single Anchor Body
used for: permanent sheathing and shoring solutions, Borehole Grout

Borehole
resisting buoyancy forces in tie down anchors, slope
stabilization and landslide control. th
ng
Le
nd
Bo
Features
HDPE Extruded Steel Strand
• The aluminum anchor body and corrosion resistant w/Corrosion Inhibiting Grease
housing provides a powerful corrosion resistant

system.
Double Anchor Body
• The number of steel strands is easily adjusted
according to the design loads and soil conditions. Borehole Grout
Borehole
• Anchors are manufactured in a standardized, semi-
automated facility with advanced equipment,
resulting in stringent quality control and outstanding
quality assurance.
• Anchors are fully assembled, coiled and stacked on
pallets, making them ideal for transportation, job site
use and long-term storage.
Upgraded
• The newly developed corrosion-resistant aluminum die-casting anchor body
• Further improved part precision and bonding method
• Superb steel strand protection structure and grout infiltration blocking effect

Removable Load Distributive Compression Anchors (LDCA-Removable)

The Removable Load Distributive Compression Anchors
(LDCA-Removable) are load distributive anchors that offer
a complete solution where the removal of the anchorage
system is required upon becoming redundant. Often ng
th
Le
ee
times, municipalities and similar organizations will not Fr
approve obstructions that are left in the ground after a

Anchor
project is completed for fear that they will conflict with Head
upcoming developments or may require third-party Max Bracket

(Angle Free Bracket)
approval in the future. These types of compression

anchors offer a cost-effective solution where conventional
tie back anchors are not approved. Otherwise, the only
alternative for a contractor is a internally braced system Le
ng
th
nd
with rakers or struts. Bo HDPE Sheath Steel Strand
w/Corrosion Inhibiting Grease Le
ng
th
ee
Fr
The pre-stressing steel strand, in its entirety, can be easily

Single Anchor Body
and quickly removed by hand. This can be accomplished
by rotating the strand that disengages the wedges at
Borehole Grout
the back end of the anchor body and then withdrawing Borehole
the steel strand through the HDPE sheath. All that is left
behind is the small aluminum anchor body and the plastic Le
ng
th
nd
Bo
sheath. Since the strand passes through the anchor body
where it is held by a set of wedges, the jacking force is HDPE Sheath Steel Strand
w/Corrosion Inhibiting Grease
distributed along the length of the anchor body. This

maximizes the effectiveness of the cross-sectional area of
the grout column in the borehole. Since their inception, Double Anchor Body
LDCA anchors have been utilized in numerous projects

around the world to provide lateral support to temporary Borehole Grout
Borehole
sheathing and shoring solutions.
Features
• The tensile force is distributed evenly along the bond
length making it ideal for highly plastic clay soils.
• The diameter of a 2-strand anchor body is 4.5”, for
a 0.6” diameter steel strand. Therefore, the anchor
body can easily be installed in a 5.5” or larger Upgraded
borehole. • The newly developed corrosion-resistant aluminum die-casting anchor body
• Further improved part precision and bonding method
• Superb steel strand protection structure and grout infiltration blocking effect
• Additional corrosion protection is provided by the
continuous heavy wall HDPE sheath.
Principles of Removable Compression Anchors
• The steel strand can be easily removed or re-engaged
to the body by rotating the strand with a pair of pliers; How to Remove
1. Cut the steel strand.
resulting in minimized site access and removal process.
2. Separate the steel strand
• Having strands individually secured to the distal end from the waler and remove
the waler.
of the anchor body, maximizes design performance 3. Rotate the steel strand in
and reduces eccentricity. a clockwise direction and
open the wedge.
• Up to 4,000 of these anchors have been used on a 4. Manually remove the steel
single project with over a 99% successful removal rate. strand and separate from
the open wedge.
Jacking and fixing Cutting wire,
moving wedge
Rotating wire,
opening wedge
Removing strand

Applications: Ground Anchors
Waterfront
Square –
Philadelphia, PA
Ground Anchors
Over the past 50 years, fully threaded, high strength threaded bar and multi-strand anchor systems
with corrosion protection have developed into the most accepted and highly reliable ground
anchorages available. As the leading steel supplier in the United States’ foundation industry, Nucor
Applications Skyline manufactures the most extensive selection of cold and hot rolled, high strength, fully
• Retaining Walls: Tie threaded bars; available in both 75 ksi and 150 ksi steel grades.
backs are used as
either a permanent Nucor Skyline offers the most advanced multi-strand ground anchor technology available in
or temporary anchor the geotechnical industry in the United States. In addition to traditional multi-strand PTI Class I
system for permanent
permanent and Class II temporary strand anchors, we have the world’s most convenient and widely
retaining walls or
support of excavation. used removable strand anchor system.
• Resist Uplift: Used to Manufactured in the United States with domestic strand, heads and wedges, we supply the
resist hydrostatic uplift
pressures on a slab, required jacking systems and the technical field support to allow contractors to economically
structural force, or wind use this technology. Already proven on commercial projects in the United States, a full scale
loads on a structure. experimental and theoretical evaluation of the system has been conducted in accordance with
• Sloped Surface US standards by one of the geotechnical industries’ most respected independent consulting
Stabilization engineering firms at a location administered by an American university. This information is available
• Landslide Mitigation to all, along with the technical support required for use of the system.
• Foundation Stabilization
Advantages
• Highly versatile and well proven method of transferring tension forces to the ground
• Used in a wide array of installation techniques developed to drive cost-efficient construction in
the geotechnical industry
• Tie back installations eliminate internal bracing and rakers which typically congest the
excavation. This dramatically increases the efficiency of material removal by the contractor
during temporary excavation
• Reliable permanent anchors, with decades of proven performance, allow engineers to
confidently design structural and slope stabilization projects
• Tie down applications often replace mass concrete, reducing construction costs

Soil
Existing
Building Permanent
Tieback
Permanent Floor Slab
Wall
Temporary
Sheeting
Temporary Tension in
Tieback Anchor
Future
Station Uplift
Temporary
Sheeting
Bridge
Existing Abutment Slope
Dam Protection
Tower
Anchor
Permanent
Tiedown
Permanent
Tiedown
Typical Uses for Ground Anchors

BEARING PLATE HEX NUT &

CAST IN PLACE
RETAINING WALL THREADED BAR FLAT WASHER
HEX NUT & BEARING PLATE

FLAT WASHER HEX JAM NUT
INTERNAL PLUG
WELDED PIPE
TRUMPET
TAPE SEAL
TAPE SEAL CEMENTITIOUS
GROUT POLY CORRUGATED
TUBING
COUPLER
ASSEMBLY HEAT SHRINK
TUBING END CAP
CENTRALIZER
DRILL HOLE
TAIL
FREE LENG
TH
BOND LE
NGTH
Typical Grouted Class I Permanent Anchor
Tie Back or Tie Down Anchors

Prior to starting a tie back or tie down
Tie backs are fully threaded steel bars that are bored, cast-in-place elements anchor design, a licensed geotechnical
designed to resist tension forces resulting from the support of earth retention engineer should be consulted. A simple,
systems, such as: foundation walls or retaining walls. standardized design process may be
applied using a prescribed method such
Tie backs are commonly used to support temporary walls for excavations in as the following:
congested urban areas. One type of temporary wall is a beam and lagging wall.
Geotechnical Considerations
The use of tie downs in this application reduces the amount of soil disturbed
• Soils: Cohesive, cohesionless or rock
during excavation and decreases the disturbance on adjacent structures. In
this very common application, H-piles are tremie concreted into drilled holes • Design life: Permanent or temporary
(less than 2 years)
in a vertical orientation, along the perimeter of the intended excavation. Wood
lagging is installed horizontally to retain the soil behind and between the piles • Loading type: Tensile, compressive
or lateral
as the top-down excavation takes place.
• N-values: Obtained from STP test
Anchor design is based on well-documented and proven principles. Once the • Termination depth
structural loading has been identified, the geotechnical information available • Corrosion potential
from the site can be used to determine the appropriate anchor design,
as recommended in the PTI Manual “Recommendations of Rock and Soil Structural Considerations
Anchors”. • Surface surcharge loading type:
Tensile, compressive or lateral
The design must take the variability that occurs throughout most sites into • Groundwater
consideration. For example, the Great Lakes Region is a region where glaciers
• Soil properties
traversed the landscape, carving and filling vast areas with sand, clay, gravel
• Buckling
and countless combinations of all soil types. Soils may contain boulders,
cobbles, gravel and other obstructions which make it challenging to drill holes.
Field Quality Control
As a result, soil conditions vary drastically from site to site. For example, in
• Site access
parts of Texas, Oklahoma and in the upper Missouri Valley, clay soils may be
expansive and may dominate the design of ground anchors. • Installation methods
• Load testing requirements
Soil borings and laboratory testing should be used to verify the actual soil
conditions in the location of a proposed anchor.

Corrosion Protection
Corrosion protection is a technique used to extend the design life of an anchor. It is extremely important to protect the
integrity of the steel which could be significantly damaged if a method of corrosion protection is not utilized. The level
of corrosion protection varies and is controlled by the aggressiveness of the environment and the desired design life. It
is the responsibility of the design engineer to select an appropriate level of protection.
All bar and strand anchors can be supplied with a protective smooth-walled PVC tube. While the standard PVC tube is
0.035 inch thick, other options are available upon request.
The following corrosion protection options are available for all bars and strands:
Double Corrosion Protection (DCP)/PTI Class I

With Double Corrosion Protection, the threaded bar is typically encased in a factory grouted, PVC or HDPE corrugated
plastic. DCP fabrication is used mainly for permanent applications or in uncertain and aggressive environments. For
strand anchors, the strand is placed in the corrugated duct in the factory and grouted entirely in the field.
CAP COVER
(OPTIONAL)
FILLED WITH CORROSION FILLED WITH CORROSION
INHIBITING COMPOUND OR INHIBITING COMPOUND
GROUT OR GROUT
TRUMPET
Class I Protection: GROUT FILLED CORRUGATED

Bar Anchor (DCP) SHEATHING
FULL LOAD NUT

CENTRALIZER
SEAL
BEARING PLATE PRESTRESSING STEEL

THREADED BAR
UNBO SMOOTH PVC OVER

NDED UNBONDED LENGTH
LENG
TH
END CAP
BOREHOLE GROUT
ANCHOR HEAD COVER

(OPTIONAL) BOND
LENG
TH
FILLED WITH CORROSION

INHIBITING COMPOUND OR
FILLED WITH CORROSION GROUT
INHIBITING COMPOUND OR
GROUT TRUMPET PRESTRESSING STEEL STRAND
INDIVIDUALLY COVERED IN CORROSION
INHIBITING COMPOUND AND SHEATHED
Class I Protection: WEDGES

ENCAPSULATION CORRUGATED SHEATHING
GROUT FILLED (FULL LENGTH OF ANCHOR)
Strand Anchor (DCP) ANCHOR HEAD
INTERNAL SPACERS
BEARING PLATE EXTERNAL CENTRALIZER
DRILL HOLE
UNBO
NDED
LENG END CAP
TH
BOREHOLE GROUT
BOND
LENG
TH
Details of PTI Class I DCP Strand Anchor Head

STEEL ANCHOR HEAD AØ
CAP (OPTIONAL)
Anchor Head & Duct Dimensions for DCP Strand Anchors

GR50 OR A36
BEARING PLATE** Corrugated Sheath Trumpet Pipe Anchor Head
H
Max.
No. of OD ID OD ID AØ H
Strands in in in in in in
mm mm mm mm mm mm
A500
STEEL TRUMPET PIPE
2.33 2.00 4.00 3.548 4.70 1.80
2-3
59.18 50.80 101.60 90.12 119.38 45.72
16” Typ.
AASHTO M252 3.60 3.00 4.50 4.026 5.60 2.20

HDPE CORRUGATED 3-7*
SHEATH 91.44 76.20 114.30 102.26 142.24 55.88
4.60 4.00 6.625 6.065 6.80 1.70
8-12* 116.84 101.60 168.28 154.05 172.72 43.18
*
**Nucor Skyline can provide a customized bearing plate solution.
The above table is based on a 3/4” OD PE Grout Tube installed inside corrugated sheath, other variations
available. Consult your sales representative.

Single Corrosion Protection (SCP)/PTI Class II

In a Single Corrosion Protection (SCP) system, the bar or strand is sleeved with a HDPE or PVC plastic sheath
through the free length of the anchor. SCP fabrication is used primarily for temporary applications, but can also be
leveraged for non-aggressive, permanent applications.
Factory-issued corrosion protection options include:

• Encapsulating: Grease or Grout • Multi-layer Painting
• Hot Melt Fusion-bonded Epoxy Coating • Heat Shrink Seals
• Coal Tar Epoxy Coating • Mastic Backed Tape Systems (i.e. DENSO™)
• Hot Dip Galvanizing
Oversized accessories are provided to accommodate galvanized and coated bars.
GREASED AND SHEATHED

SMOOTH PLASTIC WITH CORROSION
INHIBITING COMPOUND
Class II Protection: CENTRALIZER
Bar Anchor (SCP) FULL LOAD NUT
SEAL
PRESTRESSING STEEL
BEARING PLATE THREADED BAR
UNBO
NDED
LENG
TH
BOREHOLE GROUT
BOND
LENG
TH
PRESTRESSING STEEL STAND

INDIVIDUALLY COVERED IN CORROSION
INHIBITING COMPOUND AND SHEATHED
Class II Protection:
Strand Anchor (SCP) WEDGES
ANCHOR HEAD
INTERNAL SPACERS
BEARING PLATE
DRILL HOLE
EXTERNAL CENTRALIZER
UNBO
NDED
LENG
TH
BOREHOLE GROUT
BOND
LENG
TH

Applications: Rock Bolts/Anchor Bolts
Berkshire
Wind Power
Project –
Hancock, MA
Rock Bolts and Anchor Bolts

Rock bolts support the face of a rock slope or cut. When securing the face of an excavation, rock
Applications
bolts are used to support the unstable rock on the surface to the more stable rock behind the
excavation. Roof bolts anchor the overhead portion of the tunnel excavation to the more stable • Wind Turbine Anchor
Bolts
rock above it. Anchor bolts serve to connect a structure to its foundation and can be used when
securing wind turbines, tower structures, sign posts, stairways, and buildings. • Utility Tower Anchor
Bolts
• Sloped Surface and Rock
Advantages Face Stabilization
• Threaded bar rolling facilities which manufacture anchor bolts to strict tolerances
• Grade 75 and Grade 150 threaded bars show minimum relaxation under tension
• Large diameter anchor bolts can be designed to meet minimum yield strengths of up to
847 kips, with an ultimate strength of 1,059 kips or over 500 tons
WIND TOWER SHELL
THREADED BAR
HEX NUT
F-436 HARDENED WASHER
TOWER FLANGE
TEMPLATE TOP RING
PVC BOLT SLEEVE
EMBEDMENT RING
F-436 HARDENED WASHER
HEX NUT
Wind Turbine Anchor Bolt

Applications: Soil Nails
Moretrench-
Avonworth
Primary Center –
Pittsburgh, PA
Soil Nails
Soil nails are bars installed within an excavation or slope to provide reinforcement to an earth
retention structure. They differ from tie backs in that they are considered passive elements and are
not actively loaded in tension like a prestressed ground anchor. Soil nails are used in combination
with a steel grid cover and shotcrete. As a system, the soil nail, grid cover, and shotcrete act as
a coherent mass with enough strength to resist the overburden pressure of the surrounding soil
mass, as well as any surcharge pressure. Applications
• Temporary Support of
In comparison to tie back anchors, soil nails have a few significant benefits. The equipment Excavation
required to install soil nails is relatively small and mobile, providing a distinct advantage for
• Permanent Retaining
applications with tight spaces or noise control issues. Using soil nails is typically a more flexible Walls
construction technique, allowing for simpler on-site modifications. Also, soil nails are installed early
• Slide Stabilization
on in the construction process, limiting the disturbance on adjacent structures.
Advantages
• Cutting-edge manufacturing process eliminates material loss
• Left- and right-hand thread configurations optimize threading flexibility
• Various grade options offer flexibility in yield strength
• Wide range of sizes
• Fully threaded bars provide ability to cut bars to desired length
• Ability to supply single bar lengths of up to 60 feet
• Wide variety of corrosion protection options available
• Complete range of accessories available to complement our threaded bars
1. 2. 3. 4.
Excavate to slightly below Install first row of nails Stabilize first excavation with Excavate to next row of nails
first row of nails temporary shotcrete facing
5. 6. 7. 8.
Stabilize excavation with Excavate to next row of nails Stabilize excavation with Once all nails and temporary facing are
temporary shotcrete facing temporary shotcrete facing complete, install permanent facing
Typical Top Down Construction Sequence

Applications: Soil Nails
TAIL
10’ SE
STUD x4 CT
TYPIC IONS
AL
PVC CENTRALIZER
COUPLER
HEX NUT
FLAT HARDENED WASHER

GROUT
BEVELED WASHER
FULLY THREADED
HOLLOW BAR
BEARING PLATE
CONCRETE WALL
GEOCOMPOSITE
SHOTCRETE DRAIN
SACRIFICIAL DRILL BIT HOLE
Soil Nail with Hollow Bar
15º SHOTCRETE
EPOXY COATED
HEX NUT PVC CORRUGATED SHEATHING
EPOXY COATED
FLAT HARDENED WASHER
EPOXY COATED INITIAL

BEVEL WASHER GROUT LEVEL EPOXY COATED THREADED BAR
BEARING PLATE ASSEMBLY
GEOCOMPOSITE DRAIN
CONCRETE
WALL SHOTCRETE
PVC CENTRALIZER
END CAP
Typical DCP Soil Nail

Applications: Tie Rods
Port of Tampa
Berth 213 –
Tampa, FL
Tie Rods
Threaded bars from Nucor Skyline are ideal as tie rods for retaining walls. In addition to being the
North American market leader in steel sheet piling, Nucor Skyline also manufactures and supplies
several types of tie rods. Continuously threaded cold rolled bar is made at our internal facilities.
Skyline works with Nucor to supply hot rolled threaded bar. Hot rolled bars with forged upset ends
are manufactured in Germany by our partner Anker Schroeder. The tie rods supplied by Skyline
gives our customers the widest range of choices and best value in the industry.
Applications
Advantages
• Marine Bulkheads
Cold Rolled Bars – ASTM A615 Gr. 75
• Earth Retaining Walls
• Bridge Abutments and • Manufactured in USA by Nucor Skyline
Roadways • Continuously Threaded for Easy Cutting and Coupling
• Structural Ties (in slab) • Rolled Thread Reduces Local Stress Peaks
• 1.0 in. – 3.5 in. Diameter
• 36 – 432 k allowable strength range
Hot Rolled Bars – ASTM A615 Gr. 75
• Manufactured in USA by Nucor

• Continuously Threaded for Easy Cutting and Coupling
• Robust Threads that Will not Jam
• 20 – 101 k allowable strength range
Hot Rolled with Forged Upset Ends – Grade 72.5 ksi
• Manufactured in Germany by Anker Schroeder

• Upset Ends for Maximum Strength to Weight Ratio
• Forged Ends for Variety of End Shapes
• 297 – 1,270 k allowable strength range

Sheet Pile Retaining Wall

Tie Rods for Combined Wall Systems

Combined wall systems usually require long, heavy tie rods. Most combined wall systems also have a lot of fill placed
behind the wall, over the anchorage system. This fill, often placed over marine deposits can cause settlement of the
anchorage system. Tie rods are designed to take tension loads and the settlement of the bar or the deadman wall can
put bending loads into the bars and increase the stresses significantly. Common solutions for this are to support the
anchorage system, increase the cross section area of the bar, or provide a means of articulation for the tie rod.
Supporting the anchorage system is sometimes done with bearing piles and horizontal support beams. This system can
reduce the bending in the bars, but it is also expensive and requires tight tolerances on the elevations of the support
structure.
Wall distance center to center
MHW
Tie rod elongation under load
FED FED
MLW Fill material
Tie rod deflection due to

settlement and self weight
Existing ground
Bending stress induced by

settlement or misalignment

The additional stress created by potential bending or misalignment can be reduced by increasing the cross sectional
area in the thread. This can be achieved by using upset forging technology which increases the diameter of the tie bar
where it is required.
Cross
Sectional Cross
Sectional
ØD Area of
Thread Area of Shaft Ød = variable
As Ag
upset forged thread As > Ag ; variable ratio As / Ag
The use of upset forged threads was common place in the U.S. when it was seen as an engineered solution to reducing
stress in the more vulnerable threads. The introduction of higher grades of steel, 50 and 75 ksi steels, made this
technology less popular as these steels could not be forged. Anker Schroeder has developed the ASDO range of high
strength steels that can be forged and reduce weight and costs for large diameter bars.
To save even more weight and money, articulated connections are available. Forged eyes and spherical ends allow
the tie rods to rotate in relation with king piles, walers, or each other. This rotation significantly reduces the stress
at the end of the bar. Eurocode design guidelines (EN1993-5 "Design of Steel Structures - Part 5 Piling") state that in
connections where articulation is not provided, the capacity of a threaded bar must be reduced by a factor of 0.6, but
only by 0.9 for articulated connections.
Thread and Spherical Nut Forged Eye Forged Spherical End
By allowing the bar to rotate, the bending effect of settlement can be minimized. Any installation misalignment can also
be accommodated. Typically, ASDO articulated joints allow up to 7 degrees of rotation.
Bending stress induced by Articulation removes bending

settlement or misalignment stress at connection α < 7º

Typical King Pile Wall with Articulated Connections
Consideration should also be given to articulation requirements along the length of the tie bar, particularly at points of
maximum settlement or where the size of the tie bar and the site conditions mean that a pinned joint is easier to make
than a threaded coupled joint. Several alternatives are available.
Articulated Turnbuckle Link Plates Cardan Joint Forged Eye & Transition Coupler
An adjustable turnbuckle allows Together with forged eyes, link The cardan joint allows bars with The forged eye connects, via
length adjustment and articulation plates provide the most economic forged eyes to articulate in both the transition coupler, to Nucor
in one plane. articulated joint and the simplest vertical and horizontal planes. Skyline’s cold and hot rolled bars
connection to achieve in site and allows for full articulation.
conditions.

Typical Articulated Wall Connection Solutions Offered by ASDO
Pipe Connectors
Cast Eye Cast Spherical Box Cast T Plate
T-Plates for HZ-piles

Corrosion Protection – Sacrificial Steel

Corrosion protection of tie rods is an important consideration during the design process. Most tie rods are surrounded
by clean fill so the corrosion rate is quite low, but regardless of the environment corrosion must be accounted for.
Corrosion rates are determined over the design life of the structure and is added as additional steel to the bar and
other components of the anchorage system.
There are a number of methods to protect the tie rod from corrosion such as wrapping or painting but the best method
is sacrificial steel. The use of upset forging technology allows this to be a very efficient solution since steel can be
added where required. For example, additional material can be added at a vulnerable threaded end. Sacrificial steel
is very forgiving; it cannot be applied incorrectly, forgotten or damaged during shipping and installation. It also allows
much quicker installation times than traditional wrapping systems. Once the whole tie bar cost is considered (material,
handling, repair and installation), sacrificial steel is very economical.
Loss of Thickness Due to Corrosion for Piles in Soil with or without Groundwater

in / mm
Undisturbed natural soils (sand, clay, schist, …) 0.000 0.012 0.024 0.035 0.047
0.00 0.30 0.60 0.90 1.20
Polluted natural soils and industrial grounds 0.006 0.030 0.059 0.089 0.118
0.15 0.75 1.50 2.25 3.00
Aggressive natural soils (swamp, marsh, peat, …) 0.008 0.039 0.069 0.098 0.128
0.20 1.00 1.75 2.50 3.25
Non-compacted and non-aggressive fills (clay, schist, sand, silt, …) 0.007 0.028 0.047 0.067 0.087
0.18 0.70 1.20 1.70 2.20
Non-compacted and aggressive fills (ashes, slag, …) 0.020 0.079 0.128 0.177 0.226
0.50 2.00 3.25 4.50 5.75
Notes:
1. Corrosion rates in compacted fills are lower than those in non-compacted ones. In compacted fills, the figures in the table should
be divided by two.
Loss of Thickness Due to Corrosion for Piles in Fresh Water or in Sea Water

in / mm
Common fresh water (river, ship canal, …) in the zone of high 0.006 0.022 0.035 0.045 0.055
attack (water line) 0.15 0.55 0.90 1.15 1.40
Very polluted fresh water (sewage, industrial effluent, …) in the 0.012 0.051 0.091 0.130 0.169
zone of high attack (water line) 0.30 1.30 2.30 3.30 4.30
Sea water in temperate climate in the zone of high attack 0.022 0.074 0.148 0.220 0.295
(low water and splash zones) 0.55 1.90 3.75 5.60 7.50
Sea water in temperate climate in the zone of permanent 0.010 0.035 0.069 0.102 0.138
immersion or in the intertidal zone 0.25 0.90 1.75 2.60 3.50
Notes:
1. The highest corrosion rate is usually found at the splash zone or at the low water level in tidal waters. However, in most cases, the
highest stresses are in the permanent immersion zone.
Threaded Bars
Cold Rolled Threaded Bar

#8 – #28 bars (1” – 3.5”), 75 ksi Approx. Major
Thread Diameter
Hot Rolled Threaded Bar

#6 – #14 bars (0.75” – 1.75”), 75 ksi
End Threaded Forged Bars

3.3" – 6.5”, 72.5 ksi
Normal Upset End Forged Spherical Threaded &

End Threaded Threaded Eye Forged End Spherical Nut

Tie Bars with Articulation

Thread Shaft
Bar Tensile Yield Ultimate Gross Yield Ultimate
Diameter Diameter Design Capacity
in in in2 kips kips in2 kips kips kips kips
1.000 1.000 0.79 59.3 79 0.79 59.3 79 36 56
#8 25 25 510 263.8 351.4 510 263.8 351.4 158 251
1.125 1.125 1.00 75.0 100 1.00 75.0 100 45 71
#9 28 28 645 333.6 444.8 645 333.6 444.8 200 317
1.250 1.250 1.27 95.3 127 1.27 95.3 127 57 91
#10 32 32 819 423.9 564.9 819 423.9 564.9 254 403
Cold/Hot Rolled Bars
1.375 1.375 1.56 117.0 156 1.56 117.0 156 70 111

#11 35 35 1,006 520.5 694.0 1,006 520.5 694.0 312 494
1.750 1.750 2.25 168.7 225 2.25 168.7 225 101 160
#14 45 45 1,452 750.4 1,000.9 1,452 750.4 1,000.9 449 713
2.250 2.250 4.00 300.0 400 4.00 300.0 400 180 285
#18 55 55 2,581 1,334.5 1,779.4 2,581 1,334.5 1,779.4 799 1,268
2.500 2.500 4.91 368.0 491 4.91 368.0 491 220 350
#20 64 64 3,168 1,637.0 2,184.0 3,168 1,637.0 2,184.0 980 1,555
3.000 3.000 7.07 530.0 707 7.07 530.0 707 317 503
#24 76 76 4,561 2,356.0 3,144.9 4,561 2,356.0 3,144.9 1,411 2,238
3.500 3.500 9.61 720.0 960 9.61 720.0 960 432 685
#28 89 89 6,200 3,206.0 4,274.0 6,200 3,206.0 4,274.0 1,920 3,046
3.3 2.99 7.67 556 734 7.03 510 673 305 484
M 85/76 85 76 4,948 2,474 3,266 4,536 2,286 2,994 1,358 2,155
3.5 3.15 8.67 628 830 7.79 565 746 338 537
M 90/80
90 80 5,591 2,795 3,690 5,027 2,513 3,318 1,505 2,388
3.7 3.35 9.72 705 931 8.80 638 842 382 606
M 95/85 95 85 6,273 3,137 4,140 5,675 2,837 3,745 1,699 2,695
3.9 3.54 10.84 786 1,038 9.86 715 944 428 679
M 100/90 100 90 6,995 3,497 4,616 6,362 3,181 4,199 1,905 3,022
4.1 3.74 12.02 872 1,151 10.99 797 1,052 477 757
M 105/95 105 95 7,755 3,878 5,119 7,088 3,544 4,678 2,122 3,367
4.3 3.94 13.26 962 1,269 12.17 883 1,165 529 839
M 110/100 110 100 8,556 4,278 5,647 7,854 3,927 5,184 2,351 3,731
4.5 4.13 14.56 1,056 1,394 13.42 973 1,285 583 925
M 115/105
115 105 9,395 4,697 6,201 8,659 4,330 5,715 2,593 4,113
4.7 4.33 15.92 1,155 1,524 14.73 1,068 1,410 640 1,015
M 120/110 120 110 10,274 5,137 6,781 9,503 4,752 6,272 2,845 4,514
4.9 4.53 17.35 1,258 1,661 16.10 1,168 1,541 699 1,109
M 125/115 125 115 11,191 5,596 7,386 10,387 5,193 6,855 3,110 4,934
5.1 4.72 18.83 1,366 1,803 17.53 1,271 1,678 761 1,208
M 130/120 130 120 12,149 6,074 8,018 11,310 5,655 7,464 3,386 5,372
5.3 4.92 20.37 1,478 1,950 19.02 1,379 1,821 826 1,310
M 135/125 135 125 13,145 6,573 8,676 12,272 6,136 8,099 3,674 5,829
5.5 5.12 21.98 1,594 2,104 20.57 1,492 1,969 893 1,417
M 140/130 140 130 14,181 7,090 9,359 13,273 6,637 8,760 3,974 6,305
5.7 5.31 23.65 1,715 2,264 22.19 1,609 2,124 963 1,528
M 145/135 145 135 15,256 7,628 10,069 14,314 7,157 9,447 4,286 6,799
5.9 5.51 25.37 1,840 2,429 23.86 1,730 2,284 1,036 1,644
M 150/140 150 140 16,370 8,185 10,804 15,394 7,697 10,160 4,609 7,312
6.1 5.71 27.16 1,970 2,600 25.60 1,856 2,450 1,111 1,763
M 155/145 155 145 17,524 8,762 11,566 16,513 8,256 10,899 4,944 7,844
6.3 5.91 29.01 2,104 2,777 27.39 1,986 2,622 1,189 1,887
M 160/150 160 150 18,716 9,358 12,353 17,671 8,836 11,663 5,291 8,394
6.5 6.10 30.92 2,242 2,960 29.25 2,121 2,800 1,270 2,015
M 165/155 165 155 19,948 9,974 13,166 18,869 9,435 12,454 5,649 8,963
Sample Calculations
Fully Threaded Bar with Articulation End Threaded Bar with Articulation
Bar Designation: #8 (1.0 in) Nominal Upset
Yield / Tensile: 75 / 100 ksi Thread Diameter (DT) = 3.9 in
Shaft Diameter (Dg) = 3.54 in
Steel Grade (fy) = 72.52 / 95.69 ksi (500 / 660 MPa)
Thread & Shaft Properties Thread Properties

Tensile Stress Area (As) = 0.79 in2 Tensile Stress Area (As) = 10.84 in2
Yield Capacity (Shy, Thy) = (0.79 in ) * (75 ksi)
2
Yield Capacity (Thy) = (10.84 in2) * (72.52 ksi)
= 59.3 kips = 786 kips
Ultimate Capacity (Shu, Thu) = (0.79 in2) * (100 ksi) Ultimate Capacity (Thu) = (10.84 in2) * (95.69 ksi)
= 79 kips = 1038 kips
Shaft Properties
Gross Area (Ag) = 9.86 in2
Yield Capacity (Shy) = (9.86 in2) * (72.52 ksi)
= 715 kips
Ultimate Capacity (Shu) = (9.86 in2) * (95.69 ksi)
= 944 kips
Recommended Design Capacity (Ft) Recommended Design Capacity (Ft)
ASD ASD
Ft = Lesser of: Ft = Lesser of:
Shy / 1.67 = (0.79 in2) * (75 ksi) / 1.67 Shy / 1.67 = (9.86 in2) * (72.52 ksi) / 1.67
= 36 kips = 428 kips
0.9 * Thu / 2 = 0.9 * (0.79 in2) * (100 ksi) / 2.0 0.9 * Thu / 2 = 0.9 * (10.84 in2) * (95.69 ksi) / 2.0
Ft = 36 kips Ft = 428 kips
LRFD LRFD
0.95 * Shy = 0.95 * (0.79 in2) * (75 ksi) 0.95 * Shy = 0.95 * (9.86 in2) * (72.52 ksi)
0.9 * 0.8 * Thu = 0.9 * 0.8 * (0.79 in2) * (100 ksi) 0.9 * 0.8 * Thu = 0.9 * 0.8 * (10.84 in2) * (95.69 ksi)
Tie Bars without Articulation

Thread Shaft
Bar Tensile Yield Ultimate Gross Yield Ultimate
Diameter Diameter Design Capacity
in in in2 kips kips in2 kips kips kips kips
1.000 1.000 0.79 59.3 79 0.79 59.3 79 24 38
#8 25 25 510 263.8 351.4 510 263.8 351.4 105 169
1.125 1.125 1.00 75.0 100 1.00 75.0 100 30 48
#9 28 28 645 333.6 444.8 645 333.6 444.8 133 214
1.250 1.250 1.27 95.3 127 1.27 95.3 127 38 61
#10 32 32 819 423.9 564.9 819 423.9 564.9 169 271
Cold/Hot Rolled Bars
1.375 1.375 1.56 117.0 156 1.56 117.0 156 47 75

#11 35 35 1,006 520.5 694.0 1,006 520.5 694.0 208 333
1.750 1.750 2.25 168.7 225 2.25 168.7 225 68 108
#14 45 45 1,452 750.4 1,000.9 1,452 750.4 1,000.9 300 480
2.250 2.250 4.00 300.0 400 4.00 300.0 400 120 192
#18 55 55 2,581 1,334.5 1,779.4 2,581 1,334.5 1,779.4 534 854
2.500 2.500 4.91 368.0 491 4.91 368.0 491 147 236
#20 64 64 3,168 1,637.0 2,184.0 3,168 1,637.0 2,184.0 655 1,048
3.000 3.000 7.07 530.0 707 7.07 530.0 707 212 339
#24 76 76 4,561 2,356.0 3,144.9 4,561 2,356.0 3,144.9 943 1,510
3.500 3.500 9.61 720.0 960 9.61 720.0 960 288 461
#28 89 89 6,200 3,206.0 4,274.0 6,200 6,206.0 4,274.0 1,282 2,052
3.3 2.99 7.67 556 734 4.99 362 477 217 344
M 85/76 85 76 4,948 2,474 3,266 3,217 1,608 2,123 963 1,528
3.5 3.15 8.67 628 830 5.63 408 539 244 388
M 90/68
90 80 5,591 2,795 3,690 3,632 1,816 2,397 1,087 1,725
3.7 3.35 9.72 705 931 6.31 458 604 274 435
M 95/72 95 85 6,273 3,137 4,140 4,072 2,036 2,687 1,219 1,934
3.9 3.54 10.84 786 1,038 7.03 510 673 305 484
M 100/76 100 90 6,995 3,497 4,616 4,536 2,268 2,994 1,358 2,155
4.1 3.74 12.02 872 1,151 7.79 565 746 338 537
M 105/80 105 95 7,755 3,878 5,119 5,027 2,513 3,318 1,505 2,388
4.3 3.94 13.26 962 1,269 8.80 638 842 381 606
M 110/85 110 100 8,556 4,278 5,647 5,675 2,837 3,745 1,694 2,695
4.5 4.13 14.56 1,056 1,394 9.86 715 944 418 669
M 115/90
115 105 9,395 4,697 6,201 6,362 3,181 4,199 1,860 2,976
4.7 4.33 15.92 1,155 1,524 9.86 715 944 428 679
M 120/90 120 110 10,274 5,137 6,781 6,362 3,181 4,199 1,905 3,022
4.9 4.53 17.35 1,258 1,661 10.99 797 1,052 477 757
M 125/95 125 115 11,191 5,596 7,386 7,088 3,544 4,678 2,122 3,367
5.1 4.72 18.83 1,366 1,803 12.17 883 1,165 529 839
M 130/100 130 120 12,149 6,074 8,018 7,854 3,927 5,184 2,351 3,731
5.3 4.92 20.37 1,478 1,950 13.42 973 1,285 583 925
M 135/105 135 125 13,145 6,573 8,676 8,659 4,330 5,715 2,593 4,113
5.5 5.12 21.98 1,594 2,104 14.73 1,068 1,410 631 1,010
M 140/110 140 130 14,181 7,090 9,359 9,503 4,752 6,272 2,808 4,492
5.7 5.31 23.65 1,715 2,264 14.73 1,068 1,410 640 1,015
M 145/110 145 135 15,256 7,628 10,069 9,503 4,752 6,272 2,845 4,514
5.9 5.51 25.37 1,840 2,429 16.10 1,168 1,541 699 1,109
M 150/115 150 140 16,370 8,185 10,804 10,387 5,193 6,855 3,110 4,934
6.1 5.71 27.16 1,970 2,600 17.53 1,271 1,678 761 1,208
M 155/120 155 145 17,524 8,762 11,566 11,310 5,655 7,464 3,386 5,372
6.3 5.91 29.01 2,104 2,777 19.02 1,379 1,821 826 1,310
M 160/125 160 150 18,716 9,358 12,353 12,272 6,136 8,099 3,674 5,829
6.5 6.10 30.92 2,242 2,960 20.57 1,492 1,969 888 1,417
M 165/130 165 155 19,948 9,974 13,166 13,273 6,637 8,760 3,950 6,305
Sample Calculations
Fully Threaded Bar without Articulation End Threaded Bar without Articulation
Bar Designation: #8 (1.0 in) Nominal Upset
Yield / Tensile: 75 / 100 ksi Thread Diameter (DT) = 3.9 in
Shaft Diameter (Dg) = 2.95 in
Steel Grade (fy) = 72.52 / 95.69 ksi (500 / 660 MPa)
Thread & Shaft Properties Thread Properties

Tensile Stress Area (As) = 0.79 in2 Tensile Stress Area (As) = 10.84 in2
Yield Capacity (Shy, Thy) = (0.79 in2) * (75 ksi) Yield Capacity (Thy) = (10.84 in2) * (72.52 ksi)
= 59.3 kips = 786 kips
Ultimate Capacity (Shu, Thu) = (0.79 in2) * (100 ksi) Ultimate Capacity (Thu) = (10.84 in2) * (95.69 ksi)
= 79 kips = 1038 kips
Shaft Properties
Gross Area (Ag) = 6.85 in
Yield Capacity (Shy) = (6.85 in2) * (72.52 ksi)
= 497 kips
Ultimate Capacity (Shu) = (6.85 in2) * (95.69 ksi)
= 655 kips
Recommended Design Capacity (Ft) Recommended Design Capacity (Ft)
ASD ASD
Shy / 1.67 = (0.79 in2) * (75 ksi) / 1.67 Shy / 1.67 = (6.85 in2) * (72.52 ksi) / 1.67
0.6 * Thu / 2 = 0.6 * (0.79 in2) * (100 ksi) / 2.0 0.6 * Thu / 2 = 0.6 * (10.84 in2) * (95.69 ksi) / 2.0
LRFD LRFD
0.95 * Shy = 0.95 * (0.79 in2) * (75 ksi) 0.95 * Shy = 0.95 * (6.85 in2) * (72.52 ksi)
0.6 * 0.8 * Thu = 0.6 * 0.8 * (0.79 in2) * (100 ksi) 0.6 * 0.8 * Thu = 0.6 * 0.8 * (10.84 in2) * (95.69 ksi)

Applications: Micropiles
Micropiles for
Foundation
of Apartment
Building –
New York, NY
Micropiles
Micropiles are small diameter, bored cast-in-place piles, with most of the applied load being
resisted by steel reinforcement. They are constructed by drilling a borehole, often using casing,
then placing steel reinforcement and grouting the hole. Micropiles have a wide range of uses and
Applications
are becoming a more mainstream method of supporting and resupporting foundations, seismic
• Structural Support of retrofits, stabilization of slopes and even earth retention.
Directly Loaded Pile
• New Foundations Micropiles are usually designed in small clusters or groups with each typically carrying an equal
• Underpinning of amount of load. These piles may also be designed with a batter to improve the lateral rigidity of the
Existing Structures group. They can be designed to resist a combination of compression, tension and lateral forces.
• Seismic Retrofitting
Micropiles are an ideal pile for complex sites where low vibration or low noise levels are required,
• Reinforcement for
Slope Stabilization and or where limited access such as low headroom and drilling is difficult. Other site conditions that
Settlement Reduction make micropiles attractive are: obstructions, large cobbles or boulders, nearby sensitive structures,
• Support of Excavation – karst topography or high groundwater conditions. The unique characteristics of micropiles make
Soldier Piles them a perfect solution when other deep foundation methods are not suitable.
• Permanent Retaining
Walls
Advantages
• Creates a pile with a relatively high axial load capacity
• Works in compression and tension
• Lightweight rotary percussive equipment can be used
• Easily installed within confined spaces
• No harmful vibrations or noise to surrounding structures
• Minimal spoil generation on contaminated sites

Applications: Micropiles
Hollow Bars: Micropiles

Micropiles produced with hollow bars have been well proven and are widely accepted in private
and public works in the United States. After extensive research, the system has been accepted by
the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).
In collapsing soils, the use of hollow bars to produce micropiles is ideal. Where open hole drilling
may be limited in depth or temporary casing is required, hollow bars offer a single step process
of grouting and reinforcing. In addition, higher values of ground to grout bond have resulted from
the use of this method. The smaller, and often less expensive equipment, used with the hollow bar
system allows for lower project costs and makes it easier for less specialized general contractors to
use. This system is also perfect in sites with limited access or low headroom.
Advantages
• Works in compression and tension
• Potential for very high production rates
• The most efficient form of micropile in confined spaces
• Hollow bars form smaller pile groups
• Grouting while drilling provides a potential for densification of insitu soils

Applications: Pile Reinforcement
Logan Airport Light

Tower Foundation –
Boston, MA
Pile Reinforcement
Nucor Skyline’s fully threaded bars may be coupled by screw-on, sleeve-type couplers at any point.
Hex nuts and jam nuts may also be used, providing great versatility in the fabrication of structural
column or pile reinforcing steel. The Nucor Skyline-manufactured grade 75/80 ksi threaded bar
system meets the ASTM A 615 Standard Specification for Deformed Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete
Reinforcement requirements.
Applications
• Pre-assembled Concrete
Reinforcement for the Pre-assembled Reinforcing Bar Cages
Largest Drilled Shaft
Piles Nucor Skyline is a leader in custom-manufactured steel products for the foundation industry. We are
able to produce pre-assembled configurations of fully threaded bar at our multiple manufacturing
• Augercast Pile
locations. Overhead bridge cranes and large steel warehouses facilitate the assembly of bars, custom
Reinforcement Cages
spacer rings, and top and bottom structural plates. High tensile strap bands are used to stabilize
• Micropile the cages for lifting and transport. With our extensive expertise and infrastructure, we are able to
Reinforcement
fabricate and ship large foundation steel components to just about anywhere in the United States.
For example, cage assemblies over 65 ft long, with 18 circumferential #18 grade 75 bars, have
been transported over 1,000 miles with only minor field adjustments required upon arrival. Cages
measuring 130 feet in length have been produced in our Camp Hill, PA manufacturing facility and
shipped directly to the job site in Manhattan, NY.
Advantages
• Factory fabrication provides efficiency at the jobsite resulting in cost savings on the project
• In-factory assembly prevents production schedule delays due to site weather or laydown
conditions
• Reinforcing with Nucor Skyline Grade 75 ksi provides a larger range of bar sizes than traditional
rebar
• The coupling of the bars is pre-done and held in a thread locked condition, eliminating
concerns of becoming loose
• Spacer rings and steel banding provide a stable arrangement of bar cages, which facilitates
crane pick up and lowering

www.nucorskyline.com | 888.450.4330
For technical questions and engineering support, please contact us via our technical hotline at:
866.875.9546 or email us at: engineering@nucorskyline.com.
12/18 Edition
About Nucor Skyline

A premier steel foundation supplier serving the U.S., Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and Colombia,
Skyline Steel, LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nucor Corporation, the largest producer of steel in the United States.

The Construction of Railway Bridges Then and Now PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Construction of Railway Bridges Then and Now PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Geostructural Solutions

About Nucor Skyline

Customer focus, our core philosophy

Nucor Skyline, your true project partner

As a premier supplier and manufacturer of steel foundation products, we are proud to

TYPICAL GEOSTRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS

Cold Rolled Threaded Bars†

Threaded Bar - Grade 75 ksi*

#8 1 0.790 79 59.3 2.70 1.125 Left Hand 60

#9 1 1/8 1.000 100 75 3.40 1.250 Left Hand 60

#10 1 1/4 1.270 127 95.3 4.30 1.375 Left Hand 60

#11 1 3/8 1.560 156 117 5.30 1.500 Left Hand 60

#14 1 3/4 2.250 225 168.7 7.65 1.875 Right Hand 60

#18 2 1/4 4.000 400 300 13.60 2.438 Right Hand 60

#20 2 1/2 4.910 491 368 16.69 2.750 Right Hand 60

#24 3 7.070 707 530 24.10 3.250 Right Hand 60

#28 3 1/2 9.610 960 720 32.70 3.750 Right Hand 60

Threaded Bar - Grade 80 ksi*

#8 1 0.790 83.0 63.2 2.70 1.125 Left Hand 60

#9 1 1/8 1.000 105.0 80.0 3.40 1.250 Left Hand 60

#10 1 1/4 1.270 133.4 101.6 4.30 1.375 Left Hand 60

#11 1 3/8 1.560 163.8 124.8 5.30 1.500 Left Hand 60

#14 1 3/4 2.250 236.3 180.0 7.65 1.875 Right Hand 60

#18 2 1/4 4.000 420.0 320.0 13.60 2.438 Right Hand 60

#20 2 1/2 4.910 515.6 392.8 16.69 2.750 Right Hand 60

#24 3 7.070 742.4 565.6 24.10 3.250 Right Hand 60

#28 3 1/2 9.610 1009.1 768.8 32.70 3.750 Right Hand 60

Cold Rolled Threaded Bars†

Threaded Bar - Grade 150

1 1/4 1.250 188 150 4.5 1 1/2 Left Hand 60

1 3/8 1.580 237 190 5.7 1 5/8 Left Hand 60

1 3/4 2.600 390 320 9.1 2 Left Hand 60

2 1/4 4.000 600 480 13.6 2 7/16 Left Hand 60

2 1/2 5.190 778 622 18.3 2 3/4 Left Hand 60

3 7.060 1059 847 24.0 3 1/4 Left Hand 60

Cold Rolled Threaded Bar Accessories†

Grade 75 Bar Grade 75 Bar

Grade 150 Bar Grade 150 Bar

Nominal Nominal Weight

Cold Rolled Threaded Bar Accessories

Hardened Washers Round Beveled Washers

Grade 75 Bar Grade 75 Bar

Bar A B C Weight Bar A B C D Bevel Weight

2.250 1.188 0.136 0.110 1.75 1.13 0.46 0.17 0.12

Grade 150 Bar Grade 150 Bar

1 2.500 1.375 0.136 0.130 1 2.63 1.25 0.93 0.23 0.69

Cold Rolled Threaded Bar Accessories

Bearing Plates HDPE Plastic Nut Caps*

Grade 75 Bar Plastic Nut Caps for Grade 75 Bars

Grade 150 Bar A N

1 6 6 1 1/4 12.76 Diameter A L N Weight

Cold Rolled Threaded Bar Accessories

Forged Eye Corrosion Protection

6.1 2.5 2.4 19.9 8.1 2.0

Double Corrosion Protection (DCP)

Oversized accessories are provided to accommodate

Tie Bars without Articulation

Normal End Threads Upset Forged Threads

Tie Bars with Articulation

Forged Eye Forged Spherical End Threaded and Spherical Nut

Hot Rolled Threaded Bars†

Hot Rolled Threaded Bar – Grade 75/100 – ASTM A 615

3/4 0.44 44 33 1.5 0.86 60