LANDSCAPE

ACCOUNTING
FRAMEWORK
Landscape managers, producers, governments and
commodity sourcing companies all need reliable
information about the multiple components of landscape
sustainability.

To provide a measureable, holistic approach to monitoring

impacts of land management initiatives, Conservation
International’s Carbon Fund developed the Landscape
Accounting Framework (LAF).

The LAF evaluates and monitors the status and trends in key

© CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL/PHOTO BY TORY READ

indicators that collectively characterize landscape sustainability
through a series of simple graphs, charts, statistics and maps
that are easy for all stakeholders to understand and use. The
framework is highly adaptable and enables stakeholders to
identify and monitor the most relevant goals and indicators
for sustainability in the context of their landscape, organized
under key themes including natural capital, production systems,
governance and human well-being.

The LAF ensures complete transparency with stakeholders and

donors by sharing results through three unique tools:
• a scorecard which captures overlying trends observed at the
landscape level
• an interactive dashboard that examines the data and breaks
the landscape down into individual administrative units

A TOOL TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES • an interactive GIS web mapper that allows stakeholders to
perform additional visual analysis
 rotected Forest (AMPF)
1000 NATURAL CAPITAL AMW Target PRODUCTION
Land
150 39%

ALTO MAYO, PERU: EXAMPLE OF AN INTEGRATED LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT

Use
500 COFFEE 0 25 50 75 100
RATE OF DEFORESTATION 75 FIRES PER YEAR AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES LAND USE
ha/y
0 1200 Coffee Fallow
300 The following represents the yields of major In a set of sample points randomly
Pasture Mixed agriculture The

Alto Mayo Protected Forest (AMPF)

6000 2000 0
10

12

20
900 agricultural crops of the Alto Mayo Watershed distributed across areas of deforestation, me
0

0
2000-2010 2010-2012 Rice
-2

-2

-2
Q: What is the state 1500 of the forest, Q: Are people benefiting? tha
05

10

12
600 since 2000. A threshold indicating the 39% of points fell on land converted to
20

20

20
4500 225 sustainable scenario is also shown. coffee farms. cur
and
Zero what isObjective
Net Deforestation driving deforestation? Fires in other areas 300
A: While nearly 75%
Although of beneficiaries
coffee live
represents the top pov
per
A: ALTO
WhileMAYO
coffee production Fires in nonforest 0 AMW2006 Target above the national
Land agricultural poverty
product ofline, more
the AMW region,
SANis
3000 1000 the key
WATERSHED, 150
MARTIN, PERU 2000 2002
State of Natural Capital, Production & Human Well-Being 2004 2008 2010 2012 39% in the provinces of Moyobamba
Use particularly
wh
economic activity, it is also the major driver Fires in/near deforestation than 50% of the indigenous Awajun
1500 500 COFFEE
kg/ha and
0
Rioja, yields have
25 50
been75steadily100
e forestof deforestation.
cover lost since 2000
NATURAL CAPITAL 75 PRODUCTION HUMAN WELL-BEING
communitydecreasing
still lives in poverty.
since 2000 due to adverse
weather conditions and diseases.
0 0 1200 Coffee Fallow
SCORECARD
eforestation from
RATE OF2000-2012
DEFORESTATION due TheFIRES
majority
PER YEAR of fires occurred in agricultural C
0
AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES LAND USE COCOA
PROGRESS OUT OF POVERTY Pasture Mixed agriculture
5

0 900
00

01

01

02
offee
vers ha/y
fields. Rice
Source: Conservation International Awaj
2000-2010 2010-2012
-2

-2

-2

-2

*
00

05

10

12

300 The following represents the yields of major In a set of sample points randomly The Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI) is a poverty
Alto Mayo Protected Forest (AMPF)

6000 2000
600
20

20

20

20

agricultural crops of the Alto Mayo Watershed distributed across areas

ofof deforestation, measurement
Well-Being tool used to determine the likelihood
39% of points fell1800
ALTO MAYO WATERSHED, SAN MARTIN, PERU State Natural Capital, Production & Human
Alto Mayo Watershed (AMW)

since 2000. A threshold indicating the on land converted to that a household is susceptible to poverty, or is
ease AMW
in deforestation inside the 4500
Although illegal in the Alto
Fires Mayoareas
in other Watershed, 1500 225 sustainableALTOscenario
MAYO WATERSHED is also shown. coffee
NATURAL farms.
CAPITAL
300
PRODUCTION currently living below HUMAN
a national or international
WELL-BEING

GHG EMISSIONS
the startZero Net Deforestation Objective 1350
poverty line. The following represents the
Although coffee represents the top
F since of the REDD+ fires are commonly used to clear fallow land. percentage of beneficiaries, per SLP pilot project,
RATE OF DEFORESTATION FIRES PER YEAR AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES LAND USE PROGRESS OUT OF POVERTY

AMW Target
Fires in nonforest
Land
AMPF
3000 1000
ha/y

0 agricultural product of the AMW region,

The Alto Mayo River Basin of San Martin covers

150 39% who live above the national poverty line.

300 The following represents the yields of major In a set of sample points randomly The Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI) is a poverty
approximately 780,000 ha and is home to

Alto Mayo Protected Forest (AMPF)

6000 2000 agricultural crops of the Alto Mayo Watershed distributed across areas of deforestation, measurement tool used to determine the likelihood

Use

Alto Mayo Watershed (AMW)

ementation 900 502000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
approximately 222,000 inhabitants. since 2000. A threshold indicating the 39% of points fell on land converted to that a household is susceptible to poverty, or is
4500 1500 225 sustainable scenario is also shown. coffee farms. currently living below a national or international

particularly in the provinces of Moyobamba

poverty line. The following represents the

Fires in/near deforestation

COFFEE
percentage of beneficiaries, per SLP pilot project,
1500 500
3000 1000 AMW Target Land
0 25 75 100 39%
150 who live above the national poverty line.
Use

75
Source: NASA MODIS Active Fires
COFFEE
Aquaculture
1500 500

and The
Rioja,following
yields have been steadily
presents the GHG emissions Ap
0 25 50 75 100

* 75 Aquaculture

450 Fallow kg/ha

Coffee Fallow

9% of the forest cover lost since 2000

0 0 1200
Coffee + cacao

Coffee
Pasture Mixed agriculture
0 0 1200
0

0
900

00

01

01

02
Rice Awajun community

-2

-2

-2

-2
2000-2010 2010-2012
Coffee + cacao
decreasing sincefrom
2000 due to adverse

00

05

10

12
calculated the major income sectors cur
600

20

20

20

20
Fires in Pasture Mixed agriculture
300 Total
Fires in other areas
0
AMW Zero Net Deforestation Objective Although coffee represents the top
5

900
00

01

01

02

AMPF nonforest 0 agricultural product of the AMW region, 0 25 50 75 100

0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Rice
particularly in the provinces of Moyobamba
Awajun community
Fires in/near deforestation
2000-2010 2010-2012
-2

-2

-2

-2

weather conditions
AMW forand thediseases.
and Rioja, yields have been steadily Approximately 26% of beneficiaries of the SLP

of the years 2011 and 2013.

00

05

10

12

kg/ha

600 9% of the forest cover lost since 2000 decreasing since 2000 due to adverse currently live below the national poverty line.
20

20

20

20

weather conditions and diseases.

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

The majority of fires occurred in agricultural
19% of deforestation from 2000-2012 due COCOA
Total
The majority KEY SPECIES
* Source: Progress out of Poverty, Grameen Foundation

FRAGMENTATION of fires occurred in agricultural

to coffee fields.

9% of
* Source: Conservation International

300
AMW Zero Net Deforestation Objective Fires in other areas
deforestation from 2000-2012 due
1800

Although coffee represents the top

COCOA
decrease in deforestation inside the Although illegal in the Alto Mayo Watershed, National v.s. regional average monthly
-30% AMPF since the start of the REDD+ fires are commonly used to clear fallow land. 1350 GHG EMISSIONS income (N.S./month)

AMPF Fires in nonforest 0

implementation
agricultural product of the AMW region, 0 25 50 75 100 Sou
900

*
fields.
* Source: NASA MODIS Active Fires
450 The following presents the GHG emissions The following represents the average monthly
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
income of the districts in the AMW.

The majorityInternational
of GHG emissions are
calculated from the major income sectors

to coffee particularly KEY in the provinces of Moyobamba Source: Conservation

0

Fires in/near deforestation

of the AMW for the years 2011 and 2013.

kg/ha *
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
FRAGMENTATION SPECIES
Moyobamba
The majority of GHG emissions are
and Rioja, yields
since 2000have
in the AMWbeen steadily Approximately 26% of beneficiaries of the SLP
kg/ha
attributed to rice production, which
kg/ha % of primary habitat lost Calzada

9%
ha
releases methane gas (CH4) from wetland

decreasing since
of species 2000 due to adverse currently live below the national poverty line.
attributed to rice production, which
500,000 paddies, considered to have approximately Habana

of the forest cover lost since 2000 1800

MAIZE

majority % ofoccurred
primary habitat
illegallost since
Alto2000 in the AMW
The following subsection were 25x greater impact to global warming than
carbon dioxide (CO2). The second largest Jepelacio
selected for the region based on their category
375,000
weather conditions
and importance to and diseases.
decrease in deforestation
from 2000-2012 dueinside
Thethe Although in the Mayo
COCOA Watershed,
of threat, endemism, 6000 contributor to GHG emissions is coffee, Soritor

30%
conservation targets of the AMPF. primarily due to the deforestation activities

releasesGHGmethane gas (CH4) from wetland

Alto Mayo 4500
250,000

of fires in agricultural
associated with preparing cropland. Yantalo

19% of EMISSIONS
Watershed
89% 85%
deforestation
3000
Rioja

1350
125,000 1500
* Source: Progress
2011 Ag. practicesout of Poverty, Grameen Foundation
fields.
AMPF tosince
coffee the start of the REDD+ fires are commonly used to clear fallow land.
2011 Land use Awajun
0
* Source: Night
Conservation
Monkey
International
7% 2013 Land use 2013 Ag. practices

paddies, considered to have approximately

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
0 Elias Soplin Vargas
2000 2012 kg/ha
Nueva Cajamarca
1800 Total forest area
National v.s. regional average monthly
implementation MAIZE
Pardo Miguel

decrease in deforestation inside the Although illegal in the Alto Mayo Watershed, 900
10%

-30%
Forest area in largest fragment Titi Monkey
PERU RICE Rice

Theused following subsection of species were GHG EMISSIONS

25x greater impact to global warming than T
Posic

AMPF since the start of the REDD+ fires are commonly to clear fallow land. 1350 Deforestation can lead to forest fragmentation
which decreases habitat connectivity.
9000

6750
Coffee income (N.S./month) San Fernando

Source: NASA MODIS Active Fires

Yorongos

implementation *
Thecarbon
following presents the GHG emissions
3%
900
Yellow-tailed Wooly Monkey

dioxide (CO 2). The second largest

4500
The forests of the AMW are being affected by

450
Yuracyacu

selected for the region based on their category

frontier deforestation, which does not lead to 2250 Other*

The following represents the average monthly

Dept. of San Martin
Source: NASA MODIS Active Fires extensive fragmentation. Deforestation mainly
The following presents the GHG emissions
in
0
* 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0M 3M 6M 9M 12M

450
occurs along the eastern boundary of the forest National

calculated from the majoremissions

income sectors
0M 3M 5M 8M 10M

income of the districts in the AMW.

extent as agricultural areas expand north and
2%

contributor to GHG is coffee,

kg/ha

calculated from the major income sectors

west. Spectacled Bear 0 260 520 780 1040 1300

of threat, of the AMW for6000

KEY SPECIESendemism, and importance to
0
the years02011 and 2013.
* Includes: cocoa, maize, pasture, timber, and brick making * Exchange rate in December 2012 was 1 USD = 2.55 NS
* All statistics from 2003-2011
** Source: Conservation International

of the AMW for the years 2011 and 2013.

* Source: PNCBMCC-MINAM * Source: IUCN/Global Mammal Assessment/Rondinini ** Source: MINAG—OEEE (Agroaldía) ** Sources: Conservation International, exchangerates.org.uk

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

FRAGMENTATION
2000 are 2002 2004Moyobamba
2006 2008 2010 2012 primarily due to the deforestation activities
CONTACT:

FRAGMENTATION conservation targets of KEY SPECIES

the AMPF.
Percy Summers
The majority of GHG emissions
4500
Director of the Sustainable Landscape Partnership for Peru
kg/ha psummers@conservation.org

Theassociated with emissions

preparingarecropland.
ha % of primary habitat lost since 2000 in the AMW attributed to rice production, which Calzada

89% 500,000
85%
releases methane gas (CH4) from wetland
Habana kg/ha majority of GHG
3000
paddies, considered to have approximately
ha The following subsection of species were
selected for the region based on their category
attributed to rice production, which
% of primary habitat lost since 2000 in the AMW
MAIZE 25x greater impact to global warming than
carbon dioxide (CO2). The second largest Jepelacio
375,000

00,000 Progress on priority

250,000
indicators is also summarized in a of threat, endemism, and importance to
conservation targets of the AMPF.
Yantalo
6000

4500
paddies, Landscape
releases methane gas (CH4) from wetland
considered
2011 Land use to have approximately
2011 Ag. practices
1500
contributor to GHG emissions is coffee,
Q: How sustainable is the level of agricultural production?
primarily due to the deforestation activities
associated with preparing cropland.
Soritor

Sustainability Index 7% 2011 Land use A:02000 MAIZE

89% 85%
(below). The The outer
Night circlesubsection
Monkey represents optimal
3000
following of species were 25x greater impact to global warming than
125,000
selected for While 2002rice productivity
2004
Rioja
2006 2008is close
2010
1500
to
2012 the ideal scenario,
carbon 2013 Land
dioxide it
use
(CO is ). also
The the
second largest
2013 Ag.
largestpractices
7% the region based on their category
2011 Ag. practices Awajun 2
75,000
sustainability. Night Monkey 0

2000 2012
0
2000 2012 of threat, endemism, and importance
kg/ha to
2013 Land use
contributor
6000
2013 Ag. practices
to GHG
Elias Soplin Vargas
emissions,
kg/ha specifically
2000
methane,
2002 2004
contributor which
to GHG
2006
is released
2008
emissions is coffee,from 2010 2012

conservation targets of the AMPF. wetland paddies.

Nueva Cajamarca
primarily due to the deforestation activities
50,000
Total forest area Deforestation 4500 Pardo Miguel
associated with preparing cropland.
Total forest area 89%Forest area in largest fragment
85%
Titi Monkey 10%
RICE Rice
3000
10%Coffee
Posic

Forest area Titi Monkey

which in largest
can lead tofragment Progress out GHG EMISSIONS
Rice
Deforestation forest fragmentation 9000 San Fernando

25,000 decreases habitat connectivity.

of Fires
6750 1500 Yorongos
RICE
The forests of the AMW are being affected by Yellow-tailed Wooly Monkey 3% 4500 2011 Land use 2011 Ag. practices
0 Yuracyacu

can0 lead
frontier deforestation, which does not Poverty Index
to fragmentation.
extensive forest fragmentation
Deforestation mainly
lead to Night Monkey
2250
7%
Other*
9000 6M2000 9M 2002 2004 2006
Dept. of San Martin 2008 2010 2012 2013 Land use 2013 Ag. practices
Elias S
0
0M 3M 12M
Coffee
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
occurs along the eastern boundary of the forest National
ses habitat
extent asconnectivity.
2000
agricultural areas expand north 2012
and
Spectacled Bear 2% kg/ha
0M 3M
6750
5M 8M 10M
kg/ha
0 260 520 780 1040 1300
west.
Nuev
f the AMWTotal
are forest
*
beingareaaffected by
Source: PNCBMCC-MINAM * Source: IUCN/Global Mammal Assessment/Rondinini Yellow-tailed Wooly Monkey
* All statistics from 2003-2011
** Source: MINAG—OEEE (Agroaldía) 3% * Includes: cocoa, maize, pasture, timber, and brick making
** Source: Conservation International 4500
* Exchange rate in December 2012 was 1 USD = 2.55 NS
** Sources: Conservation International, exchangerates.org.uk

Forestdoes
estation, which area innot
largest
lead fragment
Maizeto 100% Titi MonkeyFragmentation 10% 2250 Other*
0% CONTACT: RICE Rice
Percy Summers
gmentation. Deforestation mainly 0 Director of the Sustainable Landscape Partnership for Peru
0M 3M 6M 9M 12M
2000 2002 2004 2006 psummers@conservation.org
2008 2010 2012
the easterncan
eforestation boundary of thefragmentation
lead to forest forest 9000
0M 3M 5M 8M 10M
S
hich decreases
cultural habitat connectivity.
areas expand north and Coffee
6750
Spectacled Bear 2% kg/ha
he forests of the AMW are being affected by Yellow-tailed Wooly Monkey 3% 4500

ontier deforestation, which does not Rice

lead to Cocoa 2250 Other*
* Includes: cocoa, maize, pasture, timber, and brick making
* All statistics from 2003-2011
** Source: Conservation International Dept.
xtensive fragmentation. Deforestation
C-MINAM 2013 mainly
* Source: IUCN/Global Mammal Assessment/Rondinini 0 MINAG—OEEE (Agroaldía)
** Source: 0M 3M 6M 9M 12M
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
ccurs along the eastern boundary2014
of the forest 0M 3M 5M 8M 10M
xtent as agricultural areas expand north and Coffee
est. Spectacled Bear 2% kg/ha

* Includes: cocoa, maize, pasture, timber, and brick making * Exch

ource: PNCBMCC-MINAM * Source: IUCN/Global Mammal Assessment/Rondinini
* All statistics from 2003-2011
** Source: MINAG—OEEE (Agroaldía)
** Source: Conservation International Direc
** Sou

Learn more at: www.conservation.org/laf

Contact: Fabiano Godoy | fgodoy@conservation.org
Director of th