Code No: 43079 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
METALLURGICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What is meant by energy cascading? How is it thermodynamically efficient?

Explain.
(b) Define and explain the thermodynamic system.
(c) A system goes for a cyclic process and returns back to its original state will
the magnitude of internal energy of the system remain same? Explain.
[6+4+6]
2. (a) Show that the efficiency of a reversible engines operating between the same
temperature levels is the same.
(b) Explain, whether there is any way to increase the efficiency of a Carnot heat
engine other than by increasing TH or decreasing TL (TH and TL are high and
low temperature of reserviors). [8+8]
3. (a) Explain the significance of equilibrium constant. What information may be
obtained from the value of equilibrium constant? Discuss.
(b) Derive

the expression:
∂T
= − ∂P


∂V S ∂S V
. [8+8]

4. (a) Derive the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.

(b) For the estimation of vapour pressure of an element/compound, which rule is
a valuable empirical aid. Explain the rule in detail. [8+8]
5. Define lattice diffusion? Explain why activation energy is higher for diffusion along
surfaces than for lattice diffusion? [16]

6. (a) Show that a common tangent to free energy curves of two-phases represents
equilibrium between the phases? Explain how this result can be utilized to
generate phase diagrams from free energy diagrams?
(b) Differentiate between Ellingham diagrams and Richardson’s diagrams? [16]

7. Discuss in detail about the use of the Gibbs-Duhem equation for determination of
activity? [8+8]
8. (a) Explain the common characteristics of catalysis?
(b) Differentiate between adsorption theory and collision theory? [8+8]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1 of 1
Code No: 43079 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
METALLURGICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain what do you mean by thermodynamic equillibrium.

(b) Discuss the importance of functions of state in thermodynamics.
(c) Prove that (CP − CV ) = V − H

 P

P T T V
. [5+5+6]
2. (a) Explain how is entropy related to molecular disorder of a system.
(b) What do you understand by perfect order? Explain.
(c) Prove that all spontaneous(natural) processes are irreversible. [5+4+7]
3. (a) What do you understand by the equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction?
Explain.
(b) Find out the equilibrium constant of the reaction A+B=C+D.
(c) Explain the relationship between activity(a)activity coefficient (γ) and mole
fraction(f). [6+4+6]
4. (a) What is integrated form of Clausius-Clapeyron equation? What are the vari-
ous ways of integrating the equation. Discuss their importance.
(b) Explain the various terms in the following expression and explain the impor-
tance of the expression.
dP
dT
∆S
= ∆V = S̄V̄BB −
−S̄α
V̄α
. [7+9]
5. (a) Explain the laws which describes the steady state and non steady state con-
ditions of mass flow?
(b) What are the factors which influences the Fick’s Laws? [8+8]
6. (a) Show that a common tangent to free energy curves of two-phases represents
equilibrium between the phases? Explain how this result can be utilized to
generate phase diagrams from free energy diagrams?
(b) Differentiate between Ellingham diagrams and Richardson’s diagrams? [16]
7. Explain and how the composition of of the solution can be expressed for metallur-
gical extraction processes? [16]
8. Explain about:
(a) Specific reaction rate
(b) Zero order reaction
(c) Half-life period. [16]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1 of 1
Code No: 43079 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
METALLURGICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain what do you mean by thermodynamic equillibrium.

(b) Discuss the importance of functions of state in thermodynamics.
(c) Prove that (CP − CV ) = V − H

 P

P T T V
. [5+5+6]

2. (a) Give and explain Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynam-
ics.
(b) Prove the following relations: [6+10]
∂G
= V ; ∂H



∂P T ∂P S
=V

3. (a) Derive the relationship between the standard free energy change and equilib-
rium constant of a reaction.
∂S ∂P



(b) Derive the expression ∂V T
= ∂T V
. [8+8]

4. (a) Obtain the Claussius Clapeyron equation from Maxwell relations.

(b) Write short notes on liquid-vapour and solid-vapour equilibria. [8+8]

5. (a) What are the macroscopic laws of diffusion? Explain?

(b) Explain how the oxidation of a metal is controlled by the diffusion rate of
atoms (or ions) through the surface layer. [8+8]

6. (a) Show that a common tangent to free energy curves of two-phases represents
equilibrium between the phases? Explain how this result can be utilized to
generate phase diagrams from free energy diagrams?
(b) Differentiate between Ellingham diagrams and Richardson’s diagrams? [16]

7. (a) Explain about the elevation of boiling point by a non-volatile solute?

(b) Discuss about depression of freezing point and is applicable to a liquidus line?
[8+8]

8. Define the following:

(a) Chemical Process

(b) Order of reaction
(c) Catalyst
(d) Rate of reaction
(e) Molecularity

1 of 2
Code No: 43079 Set No. 3
(f) Chemical reaction
(g) Collision theory
(h) Kinetics of chemical process. [16]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: 43079 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
METALLURGICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Distinguish between the terms:

i. Change of state
ii. Path and
iii. process.
(b) Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties with suitable examples.
[8+8]

2. (a) Explain how is entropy related to molecular disorder of a system.

(b) What do you understand by perfect order? Explain.
(c) Prove that all spontaneous(natural) processes are irreversible. [5+4+7]

3. (a) Explain the significance of equilibrium constant. What information may be

obtained from the value of equilibrium constant? Discuss.
(b) Derive

the expression:
∂T ∂P


∂V S
= − ∂S V
. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain whether Claussius-Clapeyron equation is applicable for solid-liquid,

liquid-vapour phase transformations or not.
(b) Discuss the phase behaviour of vapour liquid system. [7+9]

5. (a) How diffusion coefficient is determined by experimental method?

(b) Amorphous selenium used as a semiconductor material exhibits unusual dif-
fusion characteristics. The following is a set of experimental data for self
diffusion in amorphous selenium. Calculate D0 and Q. [8+8]
0 2
TC D m /s
35 7.7×10−6
40 2.4×10−15
46 3.2×10−14
56 3.2×10−13

6. (a) Show that a common tangent to free energy curves of two-phases represents
equilibrium between the phases? Explain how this result can be utilized to
generate phase diagrams from free energy diagrams?
(b) Differentiate between Ellingham diagrams and Richardson’s diagrams? [16]

7. (a) Differentiate between ideal and non-ideal solution?

1 of 2
Code No: 43079 Set No. 4
(b) Differentiation between Raoult’s law and Henry’s law?
(c) Define the standard chemical potential? [6+4+6]

8. (a) The radioactive decay of uranium first order and the half life is 4.51×109 seconds,
calculate the specific reaction rate. In how many days will 75 percent of a given
amount of uranium disappear?
(b) What are the factors which effects the rate of reaction? [8+8]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2