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By Kiran Daware Power System,

Underground Cables

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Ultra-Precise 3D
Scanners
We have seen the types of faults in
underground cables and how to detect
them using a megger in the previous article.
This article explains how to locate the exact
place where the fault has occurred. Portable & Metrology-Grade
There are various methods for locating the 3D Scanners. Ultra-High
faults in underground cables. Following are
Accuracy Measurements.
some popular methods explained.

Murray Loop Test For Location

Of Faults In Underground
Cables
Murray loop test is the most common and
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accurate method for locating earth faults Index Labels Popular posts
and short-circuit faults. However, to perform
the Murray loop test, it is necessary that a AC Machines
Basic
DC Machines
construction and
sound (good) cable runs along the faulty Classi
workingcation
of a dc
DC Machines of generator
DC machines
cable.This test employs the principle of DC
Construction
Generatorand working of
Transformers
Wheatstone bridge for fault location. an
DC AC generator or alternator
Motor
Induction motors
To perform the Murray loop test, the Transformers
Starting of DCmachines
motor
Synchronous
alongside sound cable and the faulty cable How
Speed DC motor works?
control
Power System
are shorted with a jumper conductor at the Working principle and types
Electric braking
Power System Economics
far end. The test side end is connected of an Induction motor
through a pair of resistors to a voltage More...
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Transformer losses and
source. Also, a null detector or AC Machines
Electrical Laws
e ciency
galvanometer is connected between the two Working of induction motors
Basics
Di erence between
conductors at the test end. The circuit 3 phase induction motor
Miscellaneous
synchronous motormachines
and
diagram is as shown in the image below. Starting of 3 phase IM
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induction motor
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Basic construction and working

of a DC Generator.

Once the connections are made as shown in

the above circuit, adjust the values of R1 and How a DC motor works?
R2 so the null detector/galvanometer shows
zero reading. That is, bring the bridge to the Transformer - Losses and
balance. Now, in the balanced position of E ciency
Wheatstone bridge, we have,

AC generator (alternator) -
construction and working
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Working principle and types of

an Induction Motor

Now, if r is the resistance of each cable,

then, Rx + Ry + Rg = 2r
Putting this in the above equation,

Basics of electricity

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We know, the value of resistance is

proportional to the length of the cable.
Therefore the value of Rx is proportional to
the length Lx. Therefore,

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Where L is the total length of the cable
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under test. (The value of L is proportional to
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the value of Rg.)
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Varley Loop Test
Varley loop test is also for locating short-
circuit and earth faults in underground
cables. This test also employs the principle
of the wheatstone bridge. However, the
di erence between Murray loop test and
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di erence between Murray loop test and
Varley loop test is that, in Varley loop test
resistances R1 and R2 are xed, and a
variable resistor is inserted in the faulted
leg. If the fault resistance is high, the
sensitivity of Murray loop test is reduced
and Varley loop test may be more suitable.

To perform Varley loop test, connections

are done as shown in the circuit diagram
above. Resistors, R1 and R2 are xed and the
resistor S is variable. In this test, the switch K
if rst thrown to the position 1. Then the
variable resistor S is varied till the
galvanometer shows zero de ection (i.e.
bridge is balanced). Lets say, the bridge is
balanced for the value of S equal to S1 Then,

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Now, the switch K is thrown to the position 2

and the bridge is balanced by varying the
resistor S. Say, the bridge is balanced at the
value of resistor S is equal to S2. Then,

Now, putting the result of eq.(ii) in eq.(i),

Since the values of R1, R2, S1 and S2 are

known, Rx can be calculated. When Rx is
known, the distance from the test end to the
fault point Lx can be calculated as,
Lx = Rx/r
Where, r = resistance of the cable per meter.

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