Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TO SAFE ABORTION
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Contents
1. Sexuality: a feminist issue? 5
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1. Sexuality:
A Feminist Issue?
Exploring the reasons why many women
fear their own sexuality
SUNILA ABEYSEKERA
At times one senses that there was also a fear, sometimes an awe, of
female sexuality and fertility, in many communities, through time. This
is obvious when one looks at a range of traditions, cultural practices,
customs and religious injunctions that address the need to keep women
under male control. The portrayal of woman as the Madonna and as the
whore created a dichotomy which we still see reflected in works of art,
literature, the cinema; the creation of stereotypes of the "good" woman
as opposed to the "bad" woman. The bad woman is usually the one who
is free with her sexuality, and sometimes with her "sexual favors"; she
is "sexy," while the "good" woman is chaste, virginal, and asexual.
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guard their hymen since it is the most valuable object they possess.
Some could be women who have decided not to have sex with men,
and others could be women who have decided not to have sex at all. All
of them are women who defy mainstream sexual codes and patterns
of behaviour and are therefore particularly vulnerable to punishment.
Sexual transgression is a heinous crime in most of our societies today.
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by social norms and "acceptable" forms of behaviour, they lie deep in our
psyche, emerging only in our dreams. We fantasise about sex but most
of us would never admit it, not even to ourselves. Because "good" women
don’t do THAT! Oral sex was a taboo subject a century ago. Today it is
quite an accepted part of sexual practice. Anal sex is perhaps still a bit
dicey; after all, sodomy remains on many of our law books as a criminal
offense. Gay and lesbian sex is titillating to the nonhomosexual; the
numbers of so-called straight (heterosexual) people who enjoy gay and
lesbian erotica is revealing in itself. How many of us harbour a desire to
have sex with someone of our own sex, or to have sex in what would be
to us, in our own context, an unorthodox way? Most disturbing to many
of us is sadomasochism in sex. Hurt? Pain? We seem incredulous,
but indeed pain and pleasure are also quite intimately connected
sensations. Bondage, beating, tantalising, using "mild" forms of torture-
are these "allowed" forms of sexual behaviour? And what about that
most thorny question of all? What about pornography? Why has the
production and reproduction of images of sexual behaviour become a
globally marketable commodity? All these are issues related to our own
perception of sexuality.
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These questions remain valid even today, fifteen years after. In fact,
in a world in which we face the AIDS epidemic, the development of
movements for gay and lesbian rights, the visibility of homosexuals
in many modern societies, whether with sanction or without it, many
of our assumptions about sexuality and sexual practice are being
challenged in a very fundamental way. We are being pushed to consider
the issue of difference within the feminist movements worldwide, and
to deal with it. Our right to sexual autonomy has been recognised and
hotly debated in international fora such as the Fourth World Conference
on Women.
Today, we live in a world where it is accepted that there are various forms
of family; it is accepted that women and men have reproductive and
sexual RIGHTS to engage in sex free from discrimination, coercion and
violence; it is accepted that many diverse forms of sexual practice can
coexist harmoniously if there is tolerance and respect for the inherent
dignity of the human person.
It is in this spirit that the feminist movement must continue with its
dialogue on sexuality, building bridges with lesbians and other women
who live lives of sexual nonconformity and are marginalised and
ostracised because of their courageous choices.
Glossary:
SEXUALITY: "A technicolour spectrum of biology, experience, psychology, behaviour, so-
ciety, ideation. The spectrum starts with the more social, shades imperceptibly into the
psychological and lastly becomes biological; gender role, sexual activity, sensuality, sex-
ual orientation, fantasy, pleasure, desire, gender identity, reproduction. (Muriel Dimen
1981, 66) Source: Amazons, Bluestockings and Crones: A Feminist Dictionary, 1992.
HOMOSEXUALITY: A sexual feeling for a person (or persons) of the same sex, a feeling
experienced and enjoyed by some women and some men. Source: Amazons, Bluestock-
ings and Crone: A Feminist Dictionary, 1992s; sexual desire or behavior directed toward a
person or persons of one’s own sex. Source:Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 1996.
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Although the original draft of this bill had contained a section relating to
the relaxation of restrictions on the medical termination of pregnancy,
in introducing the Bill the Minister stated that he had decided to delete
this section in its entirety. This move, he said, had been prompted by the
realisation that this was a very controversial matter. However, in spite
of this attempt to pre-empt any discussion on the issue of abortion,
many MPs did address it during the course of the Parliamentary debate,
although the amendment itself had been withdrawn.
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Ms. Pulendran (UNP), said that the Hindu religion forbade the taking
of life, but her intervention focused mainly on male bias in society. For
example, she spoke of son preference and the problems created by tests
which revealed the sex of a fetus, and of male decision-making power
within the family. Liberalisation of abortion, in her view, would also
cause conflicts between men and women and weaken the institution
of the family, and was hence not desirable. She also said that relaxing
the controls on abortion would lead to promiscuity, especially among
the young.
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Former Minister of Health and Women's Affairs, Renuka Herath (UNP), was
the only other woman MP who spoke on abortion. In her comments she
referred extensively to the Women's Charter, which was brought before
Parliament during her time. Overall, she sup-ported the amendments
to liberalise abortion, quoting a UN publication on the global abortion
situation. However, she noted that care should be taken to ensure that
such measures would not promote rape in society. In addition, she
defined the time limit during which abortion should be permitted as
'before the fetus was transformed from a collection of cells into a child'.
Ms Herath also supported stronger punitive measures against those
who commit violence against women, advocated sex education in
schools and measures to increase awareness that contraception was
essential if the problem of unwanted pregnancy was to be addressed.
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MP Azwer (UNP) invoked the Qur’an and the Bible in his opening
statement, and went on to affirm that: 'Life begins at conception. That
is God's work. We have no business to interfere.' In arguing against
abortion, Mr Azwer pointed out that many young men had died due to
violence and that there was a male-female imbalance in present day
Sri Lankan society. Any means used to restrict population growth, in
his view, would be negative. In passing, he also justified poly-gamy as
an Islamic response to any imbalance in the male-female population
ratios at particular points in history. He appealed to the House, and to
members of all religions, to remember that:
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Sri Lanka would pave the way for euthanasia'. He argued that if abortion
is permitted, then suicide would have to be permitted too. According to
Ms. Pulendran (UNP), abortion was forbidden by the Hindu religion as
well.
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it is viewed as a crime against the state. In the USA, where the women's
movement has fought many battles over issues around access to
abortion, arguments have often been based on the right to privacy. Thus,
in the USA women have been granted access to abortion as a privilege
accorded to each one of them as individuals, as the right to exercise
decision-making in private rather than the public and acknowledged
right of women to control their lives.
The situation is still quite different from this, however, in the so-called
private sphere, with regard to matters pertaining to marriage, divorce,
maintenance, guardianship, custody, adoption and inheritance. The
legal norms that prevail from community to community, as Sara
Hossain points out, 'relegate the private sphere of home and the family
to an arena beyond Justice, regulated by a variable set of norms.' Thus,
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In this context, finding the means in law to take women into account
in a way that acknowledges women's role as social and biological
reproducers of society, and respects women's bodily integrity and sexual
autonomy - and yet does not confine women because of their bodies -
remains a fundamental challenge to activism in this arena. The issue
is further complicated by the framework of religious and traditional (or
customary) norms and practices which endow patriarchal institutions
and social formations, in particular the family, with the ideological and
moral rationale for controlling and regulating women's sexuality and
for subordinating women at home, at work and in society at large.
On the other hand, there are issues of identity, culture and minority
rights from a perspective of universality and the need to evolve
acceptable common standards for human behaviour. Here, the focus
is on the dynamic between universality and cultural specificity; on the
one hand, human rights activists argue against the use of ‘culture',
‘tradition' and 'custom' to justify blatant discrimination against women.
On the other hand, they also stand firmly for the rights of all minority
ethnic, religious and other communities to express their identities with
dignity and respect.
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Acknowledgements
An earlier version of this paper was presented to the Fifth National
Convention on Women's Studies organised by the Centre for Women's
Research (CENWOR), Sri Lanka, March 1996.
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In August this year, Sri Lanka’s Cabinet approved a draft Bill allowing
abortion under two circumstances — when the foetus is diagnosed with
a lethal congenital malformation or when the pregnancy is caused by
rape.
The terms of the debate have barely shifted in the 20 years since,
going by Human Rights Commission Chairperson Deepika Udagama’s
recent observation that public policy on health matters should not be
allowed to be dictated by religious lobbyists. "The Commission respects
the religious views and freedom of speech of everybody, but these are
issues that ought not to be decided on the basis of religious beliefs,"
she said, according to a report in the State-run Daily News.
Days after the Cabinet decision, the Catholic Bishops Conference of Sri
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Broader questions
However, the debate has raised some broader questions for those on
either side of it to consider. One pertains to the question of "choice" in
maternal and public health. What does choice mean when access to
safe abortions is limited to those who can afford them? Health Ministry
officials note that 658 illegal abortions are performed in the country
every day. Sri Lanka has the lowest maternal mortality ratio — the
number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in a given period —
in the region. It was 32 in 2013. At the same time, 10% to 12% of maternal
deaths in Sri Lanka are reportedly due to unsafe abortion. Experts in
the field of community medicine note that while maternity services
are available for free in the public health sector, the legal implications
of abortion virtually prevent government hospitals from offering the
service. The private sector, however, offers it stealthily, public health
practitioners observe.
Another question is to do with how the woman, her health and her
choice figure in these debates? "Finding the means in law to take
women into account in a way that acknowledges women’s role as social
and biological reproducers of society, and respects women’s bodily
integrity and sexual autonomy — and yet does not confine women
because of their bodies — remains a fundamental challenge to activism
in this arena," Ms. Abeyesekera wrote in 1997. It still does.
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At this moment in Sri Lanka, ‘the abortion debate’ has sprung up once
again; with the cabinet purportedly attempting to pass a bill which
would legalize abortions for women under two circumstances[1] – if the
woman is a victim of rape or if the foetus is detected to have ‘Lethal
Congenital Malformation’. The Sri Lankan Penal Code of 1883 (yes,
that’s right, that’s the year our criminal law is from: 1883) criminalizes
all attempts to abort a foetus, including assisting in an abortion –
other than when a physician performs an abortion to save the life of the
woman – which would of course have to be duly proven.
Sections 303-306 of the Penal Code of Sri Lanka detail this law, and
even goes so far as to say, ‘It is not essential to this offence that the
offender should know that the act is likely to cause death.’
This Penal Code – that part of our colonial inheritance – has seen
the rare amendment, but never in these sections. The ‘abortion
debate’ has risen and fallen multiple times over the last few decades,
most significantly in 1997 when there was a push similar to this for
amendment. There have been objections and blocks right along, often
arising from religious institutions. Just some weeks ago our ‘religious
leaders’ said, almost unanimously it would seem, ‘No’.[2]
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None of the articles, of this recent spate, as far as I can tell, in the
mainstream press or otherwise, have addressed what I believe is the
elephant in the room: the patriarchal history of the criminalization
of abortion universally, as a method by which the institutions of
patriarchal power (the state, the church etc) asserted their control
over women’s bodies, sexualities, and sexual lives. Fundamentally, it
was a method to limit women’s autonomy and to trap women in these
systems – to enforce a reality in which women are reproductive vessels
who belong not to themselves but to their husbands, their families,
communities and finally, to the state.
Only one article in English that I have read so far attempts to frame the
‘abortion debate’ as a women’s rights issue at all.[3]
None of these articles as far as I can tell, attempt to set this discussion
against the wider context of the historic arc of a range of other laws
which all sought to control decisions related to women’s sexuality
and reproductive choices – laws around the dissemination of, or
dissemination of information on, various kinds of contraception; laws
around women’s ability to autonomously choose delivery methods, like
caesareans – some of which are even in practice today[4] . If they did,
it would be hard to ignore that abortion laws were not introduced in a
vacuum, and are not upheld even today solely out of concern for the life
of the foetus.
These laws have historically been tools of control and often arose
almost directly as a response to various surges in movements for
women’s liberation.
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When we do not address these things, we do not address the reality: that
the criminalization of abortion has proven to be a crisis for women’s
rights, women’s autonomy and women’s health everywhere. We do not
address the larger context within which, in Sri Lanka, we are fighting
for amendments to abortion law at this moment: a global shift to the
far-right, with things such as the ‘Global Gag Rule’ imposed by Trump[5]
putting the lives of scores of women in the Global South at risk.
The other ‘ideal’ candidate for legal abortion – this framing given even by
many who are sincerely pro-choice – is, of course, ‘the married woman’.
The Good Married Woman, Already a Mother. She seeks abortions
because she is already the loving mother of three children and she and
her legally wedded husband have arrived at the decision together that
it would be complicated for them to have a fourth child.
Dinesha Samararatne writes, "Research on abortion in Sri Lanka
suggests that most abortion seekers are married"[6] and many of us
in the pro-choice wing are quick to use these findings to bolster our
arguments, because The State likes to hear that it is married women
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We are well aware of the widely held attitudes and beliefs about
women who seek abortions which prevail within government. In an
essay documenting the 1997 process which sought to bring similar
amendments to this section of the Penal Code, S. Abeysekera wrote of
the parliamentary debate on this issue, "…throughout the debate, the
MPs presented their own personal opinions, coloured, of course, by their
general attitudes towards women. These attitudes ranged from seeing
women as promiscuous, to conniving or vulnerable." Unfortunately, not
much has changed today.
However, while none of these formulations are ideal for many of us,
sometimes they’re all we’ve got. We have to be realistic and we have
to be strategic. So how do we proceed, especially those of us who are
women’s rights activists and advocates?
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We must always find the space to assert our right to sexuality, and bodily
and sexual autonomy, parallel to the assertions of our reproductive
rights. We must, at this time, continue to broaden and deepen
discourses around ‘sexuality’ itself, expanding our understanding of it
in a critical and inclusive way. Therefore, the ‘abortion debate’ even in
the present day, to me, remains deeply linked to what seem like very
traditional feminist concerns: the full autonomy of women – to which
sexual and reproductive autonomy is key – and finally, the full liberation
of all people from patriarchy.
[1] http://www.dailynews.lk/2017/08/23/local/126027/bill-allow-aborting-foetus-two-
counts
[2] http://www.dailymirror.lk/136652/Abortion-Medical-doctors-brief-religious-leaders
[3]That elusive right to control your life and body – Abortion: Prabodini Munasinghe
(Daily FT, 2017) http://www.ft.lk/opinion/That-elusive-right-to-control-your-life-and-
body-%E2%80%93-Abortion/14-64064
[4] http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/woman-labour-begs-family-
caesarean-11122021
[5] https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/01/trumps-global-gag-a-devastating-
blow-for-womens-rights/
[6] The Abortion Debate: Mismatched and Misplaced?: Dinesha Samararatne
(Groundviews, 2017) http://groundviews.org/2017/09/13/the-abortion-debate-
mismatched-and-misplaced/
[7] Sexuality: A Feminist Issue?: Sunila Abeysekera (Women in Action, 1999)
http://tinyurl.com/ybbrz4sc
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While this final point made by the Chair of the Human Rights Council of
Sri Lanka is pertinent, it is imperative we recall that while abortion is a
public health concern, it is first and foremost a woman’s reproductive
right, and that the choice to have an abortion forms an integral part of
a woman’s reproductive autonomy, i.e. whether and when to continue
a pregnancy. This calls for a serious public debate on whether the
medicalization of abortion through the proposed abortion law reform,
the key proponents of which are doctors and the Ministry of Health, is
a price worth paying.
Proposed reform
Currently, abortion is criminalized in Sri Lanka with one exception; to
save the life of the woman. The proposed reform, if passed, will allow
abortions in two instances: in the case of a foetus with lethal congenital
malformation, and when a woman becomes pregnant as a result of
rape. Both exceptions are at the recommendation of consultant doctors
in state hospitals and in the case of rape there is involvement of law
enforcement too.
Breaking barriers
An argument in favour of the proposed reform would be to relax the law
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in order to make safe and legal abortion accessible for more women
who need them in the context of the two added exceptions. Another
argument seems to be that such a reform would take away restrictions
imposed by the state and enable women to access safe and legal
abortion, albeit in very limited circumstances.
While these make the reforms sound promising, a closer look reveals
that they are deeply problematic, both in principle and in practice.
Interrogating choice
The key concern with the proposed reform is that it is not centered
around a woman’s choice. Instead of giving a woman the power and
the choice to make a decision asserting her reproductive autonomy
(whether and when to become pregnant and whether and when to
continue a pregnancy), the proposed reform hands this decision over
to medical professionals (and not just any medical professionals but
to consultant doctors).
Medical paternalism
Medical paternalism is not a new concept or experience for women.
Research shows that medical practitioners often discount the views
and opinions of women and other marginalized groups. Research also
reveals a gender bias in the medical treatment of women, especially in
the treatment of pain. While this situation might be changing for the
better, it is clear in this particular instant that instead of challenging
patriarchal attitudes that disregard women’s right to make decisions
about their bodies, this proposed abortion reform leaves the decision
in the hands of doctors who presumably know better than women do,
what to do about their bodies. The absence of any women at a recent
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The personal beliefs and biases of medical doctors are another form
of medical paternalism and unjustified at that. The backlash to the
proposed reforms included not just statements by the Catholic Bishops
Conference of Sri Lanka but also the circulation of a statement by the
Catholic Doctors’ Guild of Sri Lanka that "vehemently opposes abortion
for any reason other than to save the life of the mother". Should a
woman choose to seek recommendations from consultant doctors
for terminating a pregnancy as envisaged by the proposed reform,
she’d also have to seek out doctors who would not allow unjustified
paternalism to affect their decision-making.
Another is that "the proposed amendments could reinforce the idea that
women should first be victims of terrible circumstances before she can
be afforded her full human rights". Yet another worrisome precedent
that could be an outcome of the proposed reform is that imposing
restrictions and requirements such as a time limit, recommendation
from consultant doctors and police reports would pave the way for
further restrictions, as it has in other parts of the world.
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With clear evidence that such reforms are not in the interest of the
women who need abortions, one wonders why Sri Lanka is not instead
taking up the examples of countries such as Nepal and Ethiopia
who have liberalized abortion law to a large extent . These countries
are showing that abortion law reform alone is insufficient, and that
real change can come about only with a comprehensive strategy that
protects women’s rights including the introduction and implementation
of Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) for young people in and
out of school as well as availability of quality sexual and reproductive
health services, including contraception, that are provided non-
judgmentally to anyone who wants them.
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pregnancies in safe (but illegal) ways, women from middle and lower
income households end up going to "backdoor abortionists", often
resulting in death or lifelong disabilities. Decriminalizing abortion
would mean the women who want to abort unwanted pregnancies, for
whatever reason(s), can access them legally, safely and in an affordable
and non-stigmatized way.
Therefore any attempt at reforming the country’s laws for the benefit
of women must be done in consultation with women themselves,
including women’s rights and sexual and reproductive rights activists.
While medicalization might remove certain restrictions that impede
women’s access to safe and legal abortion services, the long-term
adverse effect on women’s reproductive autonomy and rights as
articulated by this critique do not seem like a worthy tradeoff for women
in Sri Lanka. Regardless of whether these reforms are passed or not, we
must continue to call for full decriminalization of abortion which is the
only way women can gain full control of our bodies, sexuality, and lives.
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It is possible to lobby to make Sri Lanka a better place for unwed moth-
ers, to improve the quality of life of disabled people and demand that
resources be allocated to improve existing systems of social care for
children, but in doing so, you have to still accept that this debate hap-
pens in the gritty, unpleasant, cash-strapped version of Sri Lanka, not
the utopian version we sell in our civics books.
But let’s just assume that life begins at conception. Are we forced to
acknowledge that the foetus has the same moral standing as a human
female in society? Why should the state apparatus prioritize a bundle
of cells at the expense of the physical wellbeing, mental health, dreams
and aspirations of an established member of society?
The pro-life stance posits that the right to life of a foetus outweighs the
choice of the adult. But this choice severely impacts the quality of life
of that individual for the rest of their life. We recognize that mere exis-
tence is not living, and human beings should have the right to a quality
of life, which is why we try to combat poverty and envision a world with-
out traffic. We even support efforts to curtail potential lives on the basis
that quality is more important than quantity. When contraception and
family planning is promoted, it is done so on the principle that more
children is not always a good thing. We concede that children should
not be born into families that are unable and unwilling to support them.
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They are forced to do so, because motherhood and pregnancy are still
extolled as things that all women, deep down in their shrewish hearts,
should want. We think that abortion is unacceptable because we do not
entertain the notion that women’s reasons for avoiding motherhood
are valid. It is worth considering that those who support abortion do
not abhor motherhood. Rather, they consider it a life-changing decision
that is too important to be left to whims of fate. Right now, motherhood
hovers over every fertile woman in Sri Lanka, and we can do nothing but
place our trust in the reliability of condoms and the goodness of men.
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Debate
I am not a theologian nor a reproductive health expert. I am merely a lay
woman, a member of the Catholic church in Sri Lanka, responding to
recent articles published by members of my own religious community
regarding the bill to expand safe abortion provisions. This article is
written for the sake of balanced perspective and healthy, constructive
debate within our community. We must take a step back and look at
exactly whose lives we are protecting with our attitudes towards this
bill.
We are all aware that the Catholic church’s official position on abortion
is against it. Recently, due to the on-going debate on the proposed
bill, representatives of the Catholic church have come forward with
articles on the abortion issue. However, the members and leaders of
the church who are writing about it in public are not responding to
the issue at hand, that is, the extension of abortion provisions in two
limited cases. Instead, they have turned this debate into empty rhetoric
by lashing out at the reproductive rights of women whole-scale. In
doing so, they exemplify a knee-jerk reaction that – embarrassingly
for many members of the Catholic faith – depict the Catholic church
as reactionary and misogynist. There is no constructive debate on this
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makes is whether women have access to SAFE abortion or not. That is,
legalization will determine whether women can go to a hospital and
seek a medical intervention overseen by medical professionals that
will ensure her safe recovery. If it remains illegal, women will continue
seeking unsafe abortions which often leave them sterile, cause
irreversible medical complications, and in the worst cases, can lead to
death through excessive bleeding.
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[1] Smith, Charlie. Why Feminist Joyce Arthur Supports Sex Workers’ Rights. The Georgia
Straight. September 28, 2011.
[2] Kapp-Klote, H. Beyond Birth Control: Recent Reproductive Justice Stories That Fewer
People Are Talking About. Rewire. July 18, 2014.
[3] Ross, Loretta. Understanding Reproductive Justice. Trust Black Women. November
2006 (Updated March 2011).
[4] See for example: Madeiro, Alberto and Debora Diniz, "Induced Abortion Among Brazilian
Female Sex Workers", Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 20.2 (2015): 587-593.
Marlow, Heather M. et al, "Abortion Services for Sex Workers in Uganda: Successful
Strategies in an Urban clinic", Culture, Health & Sexuality 16.8 (2014): 931-943; Todd,
Catherine S. et al, "Contraceptive Utilization and Pregnancy Termination Among Female
Sex Workers in Afghanistan", Journal of Women’s Health 19.11 (2010): 2057-2062.
[5] Feldblum, Paul J. et al, "Pregnancy Among Sex Workers Participating in a Condom
Intervention Trial Highlights the Need for Dual Protection," Contraception 76 (2007): 105-
110.
[6] Ghosh, "‘Professional’ Abortion Seekers: The Sex Workers of Kolkata," CEHAT (2003):
1-18.
[7] Marlow Op Cit, p. 935.
[8] Ghosh, Op Cit, p. 2.
[9] Cleeve, Amanda et al, "Attitudes and Experiences Regarding Induced Abortion Among
Female Sex Workers, Savannakhet Province, Laos," Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 5
(2014): 137-141.
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iqks,d wfífialr
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ulaksido h;, wmf.a ,sx.sl reÑ wreÑlï iÕjd we;s ksid fukau
iudc O¾u;d kue;s lv;=rdfjka wdjrKh lr, —ms<s.;yels˜ p¾hdjka
muKla wkqu; lr we;s ksidh' Tjqka wmf.a isyskj,g muKla iSudjQ yd
ufkdaNdjhka ;=< .eUqßka ls|d nei we;s ksidh’ ,sx.sl;ajh iïnkaOfhka
wm ;=< ,d,idjka mj;sk kuq;a tajd ms<s.ekSug ue<slula olajkafjuq’
thg fya;=j —hym;a˜ ldka;djka tf,i fkdlrk ksidh' j¾;udkfha§
,sx.sl l%shdldrlïj, fldgila f,i ms<s.;a;o, ishjia .Kkdjlg fmr uqL
,sx.sl ixi¾.h ;yxÑhlaj mej;=‚' .=o ,sx.sl ixi¾.h wo jk úg;a
ms<sl=,a uÜgfuys,d i,lhs' wog;a ì%;dkHhska úiska y÷kajd ÿka kS;s
fmd;aj, tlS p¾hdjka wmrdOldÍ yeisÍï f,i i,lh’' iußis mqreIhska
yd ldka;djkaf.a ,sx.sl p¾hdjka iu,sx.sl j¾hdjka fkdjk wdldrhg
m;alsÍug n,lrk w;ru, úIu ,sx.sl hehs lshd.kakd msßi iu,sx.sl
yeisÍï iys; o¾Yk keröug reÑl;ajhla olaj;’' wmf.ka lS fofkla kï
wmf.au ufkda f,dalh ;=< isg iudk ,sx.slfhl= iu. ,sx.slj yeisÍug
is;d we;ao, tfia;a ke;skï wmf.au ikao¾Nhla ;=< wfkla wh ms<sfkd.
kakd uÜgulska wms leu;s wdldrh fuh hehs ujdf.k we;ao' ,sx.sl
l%shdjkaf.ka iajhxmSvdj ,eîu fyda mrmSvdlduql;ajh wm fndfyda fokl=g
ms<s.ekSug wiSreh’ ßoùu@ fõokdj@ fõokdj iy ;Dma;sh b;d ,Õska ne£
we;s ixfõokhkah’ ne| oeóu” myr §u, ysßyer lsÍu, uDÿ wdldrj,ska ßoùu
hkq wkqu; lr we;s ,sx.sl yeisÍïo@ ldfudaoa§mk Ñ;%mg ms<sn|j we;s u;h
l=ulao@ ,sx.sl l%shdldrlï ms,sn| rpkd ksIamdokh lsÍu iy msgm;a lsÍu
f.da,Sh jYfhka fj<|fmd<la we;s ksIamdokhla ù we;af;a wehs@ fï ish,a,u
,sx.sl;ajh ms<sn| wmf.a oelSu iu. iïnkaOj we;s .eg¨h'
48
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
49
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
50
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
jpk ud,dj(
46 yeúßÈ ;ks ujla jk iqks,d wfífialr jir 25la mqrd l,dmSh iy cd;Hka;r
uÜgñka ldka;d whs;Ska iy udkj whs;Ska fjkqfjka fmkS isá l%shdldßkshls’ 5,
chr;ak udj; fld<U 5 Y%S ,xldj hk ,smskfhka ^94-1& 584350 hk ÿrl:k
wxlfhka^94-1& 591314 hk *elaia wxlfhka fyda inform@slt’lk hk úoHq;a
,smskfhka wehj iïnkaO lr.; yel'
51
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
oekaùu
uQ,dY%hka
yekaidâ Y%S ,xld" 1995 iema;eïn¾ 19 iy 20 Èk'
52
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
iqks,d wfífialr
1883 oKav kS;s ix.%yh hgf;a Y%S ,xldj ;=< .íidj hkq ia;%shf.a Ôú;h
fírd .ekSu i|yd isÿ l<fyd;a yereKq úg idmrdë wmrdOhls' oYlhlg
jeä ld,hla ;siafia .íidj" ia;%S ¥IKh yd Èlalidoh ms<sn| mj;akd kS;s
;=< m%;sixialrK rdYshla fjkqfjka Y%S ,xldfõ ldka;d lKavdhï úiska
Woaf>daIKh lr ;sfí' ldka;djkag tfrys ish¿ wdldrfha fjkiafldg ie<lSï
;=rka lsÍfï iïuq;sh (CEDAW) u; fndfyda fihska mokïj 1991 § rch úiska
ldka;d m%{ma;sh ieliSfï l%shdj,sh wdrïN lrk ,§' ;ukaf.a m%ckk ld¾hh
md,kh lsÍfï ldka;d whs;sjdislï ms<sn| ks¾foaYh fi!LH wxYhg
id¾:lj we;=<;a lr,Sug yels jQQ mq¿,a mrdihl jQQ ldka;d ixúOdkj,
53
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu fuu l%shdj,shg wka;¾.; úh' 1993 ud¾;= udifha § fuu
m%{ma;sh md¾,sfïka;=jg bÈßm;a lrk ,o w;r" th l=vd újdohlska miqj
wkqu; úh' flfiafj;;a" 1997 ud¾;= udihg miqj o m%{ma;sh" ,shú,a,lg
muKla iSud jQ fohla f,iska mej;=Ks'
fuu m%{ma;sh iy Y%S ,xldj úiska CEDAW wkqu; lsÍu hk oaú;ajhu fuu
f,aLkhkays mj;sk uQ,O¾uj,g wkql+,j cd;sl jYfhkajk kS;s f.k tau
rchg mjrhs' fuu lemùfï fldgila f,i iy ldka;d lghq;= wud;HdxYfha
Wmfoia u;" wêlrK wud;HdxYh oKav kS;s ix.%yfha wod< fldgia
ixfYdaOkh lsÍu i|yd jQ mk;la flgqïm;a lf<a h' ldka;d rdcH fkdjk
ixúOdkj, ksfhdað;hska lsysm fofkl= uQ,sl idlÉPdj,g iïnkaO jQ kuq;a"
md¾,sfïka;=jg bÈßm;a lrk ,o mk;a flgqïm; meyeÈ,sju fuu idlÉPdj,
§ m%ldYs; woyia ms<sìUq fkdlrk ,§'
Tjqka m%;sl%shd lrk ,o úNj fjkialï ,sx.sl ¥IKh fyda jHNspdr l%shdjl
m%;sM,hla f,i isÿjk ms<sis| .ekSï wjia:djl § fyda l,, widudkH;d
isÿùïj, § .íid lsÍïj,g wjir ,nd §ug bv Èh yelsj ;snqKs' kS;Hdkql+,
.íid lsÍu i|yd iqÿiqlï ,enqfõ ljqreka o hkak u; fuu fjkialï flfia
iSud úh yelsj ;snqK o kS;sfha zjerÈ Ndú;h je<elaùuZ i|yd oeä wdrlaIdjla
o we;=<;a úh' ksoiqkla f,i" m%ij yd kdßfõoh ms<sn| mYapd;a Wmdê iqÿiqlï
iys; ffjoHjrhl= úiska muKla .íidjlg wjir §fï iy;slhla ksl=;a l<
hq;= nj;a" fjk;a ffjoHjrhl= úiska .íidj isÿ l< hq;= nj;a bka fhdackd
úh' .íidj" rcfha frday,l fyda ,shdmÈxÑ id;a;= ksjdihl isÿ l< hq;= nj
o fhdackdfjka kshu lsÍug ;snqKs'
54
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
.íid lsÍu yd ;ukaf.a YÍr iy ;ukaf.a Ôú; md,kh lsÍfï ldka;d whs;sh
ms<sn| jvd;a m%p,s; m%;HlaI yd jerÈ m%;HlaI újdoh ms<sìUq lr,S h' tys
tla;rd woyila jQfha ld,hla mqrd kej; kej; m< jQ iy f,dj mqrd .íidj
ms<sn| újdohkays § kej; jrla u;= jQ woyila jk ia;%Ska ;=< j.úNd.hla
fkdue;sj yeisÍfuys iajNdúl m%jk;djhla we;s nj;a wjia:djla ÿkafyd;a
zj,a jeÈhZ yels nj;a h' tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha ^tcdm& fcdaka wur;=x. uy;d
mejiqfõ" ksoiqkla jYfhka" ´kEu wdldrhl .íidjla isÿlsÍug bv ie,iSu
zÈhfodrZ újD; lrkq we;s nj;a" tjeks l%shdjlg fhduqùug mqoa.,fhl=g
wjirh ,nd fok ffjoHjrfhl=f.ka ,nd.;a iy;slhla muKla ^th& úYd,
mßudKhlska isÿ lrf.k hdug Ndú;d lrkq we;s nj;a h'
b,a,d isáfha h' wfkla w;g" mqreIhska wmyiq;djg m;a lsÍug iy Tjqkag
tfrysj fndre fpdaokd bÈßm;a lsÍug ldka;djka kS;sh Ndú;d lrkq we;ehs
Tyq ìh úh' hï wfhl= mSvkhg m;a lsÍug fyda Tyqf.ka m<s.ekSug ^ia;%shla
úiska& wi;H fpdaokd t,a, lsÍu je<elaùug ia;%S ¥IK isoaêhl § th ikd:
lsÍug lsishï wdldrhl ffjoHuh idlaIH w;HjYH njg m;a l< hq;= hehs
;j;a tcdm uka;%Sjrfhl= jk uyskao iurisxy ;¾l lf<a h'
.íidj ms<sn| l;d l< wfkla tlu ldka;dj jQfha ysgmq fi!LH yd ldka;d
wud;H f¾Kqld fyar;a h' wehf.a ld,h ;=< md¾,sfïka;=jg f.k tk ,o
ldka;d m%{ma;shg mq¿,a f,i fhduq fjñka weh woyia oelajQjd h' .íid
lsÍïys f.da,Sh ;;a;ajh ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a m%ldYkhla f.k yer
olajñka" .íid lsÍï ,sys,a lsÍu i|yd jQ ixfYdaOkj,g iuia;hla f,i weh
wkqn, ÿkakd h' flfia fj;;a weh lshd isáfha tjeks kshuhka iudch ;=<
ia;%S ¥IKh m%j¾Okh fkdlrk njg j. n,d .; hq;= nj hs' óg wu;rj"
weh úiska .íidj i|yd wjirh ,nd Èh hq;= ld, iSudj l,,h" ffi,
tl;=jlska orejl= njg mßKdukh ùug fmr jYfhka kshu lrk ,§'
;j o fyar;a uy;añh ldka;djkag m%pKav;ajh isÿlrk whg tfrysj oeä
oKavkhg wkqn, ÿka w;r" mdi,a ;=< § ,sx.sl wOHdmkh ,nd fok f,i;a"
wkjYH .eí.ekSï ms<sn| .eg¿j úi£ug kï Wm;a md,k l%uhla wjYH
njg oekqj;a lsÍï by< kexfjk l%shdud¾. .kakd f,ig;a ks¾foaY l<d h'
zldka;djka igka lrkd whS;Ska hkq fjk lsisjla fkdj wfkla ñksiqka úiska
N=la;s ú¢kq ,nk whs;sjdislï hZ f,i ys,ß la,skagka Wmqgd olajñka fhdað;
m%;sixialrKj,g mlaIj l;d l< fmf¾rd uy;d ^Y%S ,xld uqia,sï fldx.%ih&
.íidj ldka;djkaf.a udkj whs;sjdislula f,i mq¿,aj i|yka l< tlu
uka;%Sjrhd úh' ;u wjidk m%ldYfha § fmf¾rd uy;d lshd isáfha .ïno
fmfoiaj, ldka;djkaf.a ldka;d whs;sjdislï i|yd úfYaI;ajhla fkdue;s
nj;a tu m%foaYj, ck;dj fhdað; fjkialï ms<s.kq we;s nj;a h'
zwmsg ixialD;shla ;sfhkjd' wmg YsIaG we;soeä lsÍï f,i ye¢kafjk hula
;sfnkjd' wfma .ïj, fï jf.a fohla jqKyu wms Tjqkag lshkafka wYsIaG
.eyeKq" wYsIaG .eyeKq <uhska lsh,d' Tn tu wYsIaG;ajhg wdrlaIdj fkdÈh
hq;= hs' th wfma iïm%odhhkag yd wfma ixialD;shg mgyeks hs' wfma ish¿u
wd.ï fuhg úreoaO hs'Z hkak u;l ;nd.kakd f,i Tyq wdhdpkh lf<a h'
wiaj¾ uy;d úiska lrk ,o fjk;a woyia w;r ziuyr iudcj, ¥IKh hkak
wfkla iudcj, tfia fkdie<flaZ hkak úh' ffjjdysl ¥IKh iïnkaOfhka
Tyq fufia mejiSS h( zújdyfha uQ,sl wruqK jkafka m%ckkh hs'Z
fcdaka wur;=x. uy;d ^tcdm& m%ldY lf<a" ;uka rfÜ ck.ykfhka ishhg y;l
m%;sY;hlska hqla; jQ lf;da,sl m%cdj ksfhdackh lrñka l;d lrk wfhl= nj
hs' Tyqf.a ;¾lh jQfha .íid lsÍu kS;Hdkql+, lsÍug ork ´kEu m%h;akhlg
ziudcfha iEu fldgilau oeä f,i úreoaO jkq we;s nj;aZ" tjekakla zfï rfÜ
ck;djf.a iudc Ôú;h yd ixialD;sl Ôú;fha uQ,O¾uj,g n,mdkq we;s
nj;a hZ' Tyqf.a ;¾lh zÔú;fha mßY=oaONdjh ms<sn| úYajdihlaZ u; mokï
úh' zls;=kqjka muKla fkdj" fn!oaOhka" uqia,sïjre" yskaÿ Nla;slhka iy
Ôú;fha W;a;Í;rNdjh úYajdi lrk ish,a,kauZ tjeks fhdackdjlg úreoaO
jkq we;s nj Tyq mejiSh'
.íidj iudchSh .eg¿jla f,i olsk fuka whÈñka iS' ù' .=Kr;ak uy;d
^Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh& flfia jqj o" zwfma ixialD;sfha iSudj ;=< §''''Z
kS;sfha fjkialï isÿ lsÍfï wjYH;dj ms<sn| l;d lf<a h' z''''lsishï wd.ul
fyda m%cdjl kuH;djkag ydks muqKqjk f,i fudfyd;lgj;a uu fhdackd
fkdlrñ'''' wms th iudchSh m%Yakhla f,i ie;lsh hq;= hZ hkqfjka Tyq iNdj
ffO¾hu;a lf<a h'
z.íid lsÍu idmrdënúka f;dr lsÍu" f,dalh mqrd úúO fldgiaj, mßKduh
jk kS;s moaO;Skaj, ,laIKhla jk w;r" Y%S ,xldj tjka fmdÿ ixj¾Okhl
msg; mshjr ;nkafka wehsoehs hkakg lsisu fya;=jla ug fmfkkafka ke;s
njZ hs'
tneúka" .íid lsÍfï .eg¿j úi£u i|yd fi!LH kS;s y÷kajd §ug Tyq
fmdfrdkaÿ úh' fuh ;ju;a isÿ ù fkdue;' 1995 fuu tlu md¾,sfïka;=
újdofha isg .íid lsÍu Y%S ,xldj ;=< idmrdë wmrdOhla f,i mej;=Ks'
1996 § ;uka úiskau .íidjka isÿlr.;a ldka;djka fukau .íidjla isÿlr
.ekSug wkqkag Woõ l< ldka;djkag wod< isoaê lsysmhlg fmd,Sish
úiska kvq mjrk ,§' ksoiqkla jYfhka" 1996 fmnrjdß udifha § uykqjr
ffjoHjreka fofofkl= we;=¿ .íid lsÍï isÿ l< mqoa.,hska lsysmfofkl=
o 1996 foieïn¾ udifha § .ïmy m%foaYfha tla mqoa.,fhl= o w;awvx.=jg
f.k we;' 1996 iema;eïn¾ udifha § uykqjr Èia;%slalfha hQ'Ô'u,aldka;sg
udi ;=kl isro`vqjula kshu flreKq w;r ^kuq;a w;aysg jQ isr o`vqjula kshu
flreKs& .íid lsÍu i|yd m%h;ak oeÍu fya;=fjka re'1000 l ovhla o kshu
flßKs' wfkla w;g 1997 ckjdß udifha § Y%S ,xldfõ ckdêm;s;=ud fi!LH
ms<sn| úfYaI ld¾h n,ldhla msysgqùh¦ fuu ld¾h idOl n,ldh yryd .íid
lsÍu ms<sn| m%;sixialrK i|yd n,mEï t,a, lsÍug we;s yelshdj ms<sn|
ldka;d lKavdhï oeka úu¾Ykh lrhs'
Y%S ,xldfõ oKav kS;s ix.%yfha ixfYdaOk jgd jQ idlÉPdj ia;%Ska yd Tjqkaf.a
iajdêm;Hhg iïnkaO újdoYS,S .eg¿ rdYshla u;=lr olajd we;' ;ukaf.a
l,;%hd iu. ^ffjjdysl ¥IKh ms<sn| ixl,amh wkqj& ,sx.sl in|;d
meje;aúh hq;= o l=uk úgl § o hkak ;SrKh lsÍug we;s ldka;djkaf.a
whs;sh yd ;ukaf.a m%ckk Odß;djka md,kh lsÍfï whs;shg ^.íid lsÍu
wkqj& fukau úfYaIs; m%cdjl ;ks mqoa.,hska iy idudðlhska f,i ms<s.
ekSug m;aùu i|yd Tjqkag we;s whs;sh hk ish,a,u md¾,sfïka;=j ;=< fukau
bka mßndysr újdoj, § o .eg¿ldÍ úh' fuu .eg¿ Y%S ,dxlsl ldka;djkag
muKla wod< fkdjk w;r f,dj mqrd úoHdudk fõ'
Y%S ,xldj we;=¿ fndfyda rgj, th rdcHhg tfrys wmrdOhla f,i i,lkq
,efí' .íidjkag m%fõY ùu jgd jQ .eg¿j,g tfrysj igka l< ldka;d
jHdmdr ;snQ weußldfõ" ;¾l lsÍï ks;ru mqoa.,sl;ajfha whs;sh u; mokï
ù ;sìKs' fï wkqj";u Ôú; md,kh lsÍug ldka;djkag we;s whs;sh ms<s.ekSu
iy fmdÿ jYfhka fjkqjg fm!oa.,slj ;SrK .ekSfï fh§ug we;s whs;sh
f,i;a tla tla mqoa.,hd jYfhka .íid lsÍu i|yd ldka;djkag ,nd § we;s
jrm%idohla f,i;a weußldfõ ldka;djkag .íidjg m%fõYh ,nd § we;'
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A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
ldka;djkaf.a fi!LH .eg¿ udkj ysñlï rduqjlg iïnkaO lsÍu" .íid lsÍï
jeks .eg¿ ms<sn|j oekg mj;akd Wml,amk wNsfhda.hg ,la lr we;s w;r"
fjkiafldg ie,lSfï wdldr follg tljr wNsfhda. lsÍu i|yd wñ, fuj,ï
imh hs' fuu újdofha rduqj ;=<" Y%S ,xldfõ idlÉPd kso¾Ykh lr we;s
mßÈ" .íid lsÍu w;sYhskau újdod;aul yd újdoYS,S .eg¿jla f,i È.gu
mj;S' Y;j¾I .Kkdjla ;siafia iïmQ¾Kfhkau fm!oa.,slj" ÿrdpdrj;aj yd
kskaÈ;j ie,l+ úIhhla uyck oDIaáhg f.k taug;a" ldka;djkag wdrlaIs;"
ñ, wêl fkdjk .íid lsÍfï l%ufõohka i|yd m%fõY úh yels nj iy;sl
lsÍu i|yd fmdÿ wruqo,a jeh lsÍug;a th n, lrhs' úfYaIs; wd.ñl iy
ixialD;sl lKavdhïj, fyda ckjd¾. m%cdjkays idudðlhka f,i ldka;djkag
62
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
ia;%Ska mQ¾K yd iudk udkjhka f,i ie,lSug ysñlï we;s rduqjla ;=< .¾NK’
ùug ldka;djkag we;s iqúfYaIS yelshdj jg lsÍu flakaøSh WNf;dafldaál
m%Yakhls' m%ckkh i|yd jQ wmf.a Odß;djh mokï lr .ksñka ishjia
.Kkdjla mqrd jQ wiudk ie,lSu meroùu wjYH jkafka ia;%Ska fuu ysñlï
mEu u; TÜgq ;nd we;s fyhsks'
ia;+;sh
fuu ,smsfha uq,a msgm; 1996 ud¾;= udifha § Y%S ,xldfõ ldka;d m¾fhaIK
flakaøh (CENWOR) úiska ixúOdkh lrk ,o ldka;d wOHhk ms<sn| miajk
cd;sl iïfï,kh fj; bÈßm;a lrk ,§'
,sms yqjudrej
iqks,d wfífialr" bkaf*daï" 5 chr;ak udj;" fld<U 5" Y%S ,xldj
úoHq;a ;emE, ( inform@lanka.gn.apc.org
mßYS,k
1' yekaidâ Y%S ,xldj" 1995 iema;eïn¾ 19 iy 20'
2' uelsfkdka iStï" 1989' gqj¾âia w f*ñksiaÜ ;shß T*a o iafÜÜ' ydj¾â
úYaj úoHd, uqøKd,h" flaïn%sÊ ^weußld tlai;a ckmoh&'
3' yqfiaka tia" 1994' Blafjd,sá bka o fydaï( úfukaia rhsÜia wekaâ m¾ik,a
f,daõia bka ijq;a taIshd' yshquka rhsÜia wekaâ úfuka' wd¾'l=la ^tâ&'
fmkais,afõkshd uqøKd, úYaj úoHd,h" *s,fv,a*shd
63
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
fï jif¾ wf.daia;= udifha Y%S ,xldfõ leìkÜ uKav,h wjia:d folla hgf;a,
tkï l<,h udrl ckau úlD;s;d iys; hehs ksYaph lrkq ,enQ úg fyda
.¾NkS Ndjh ia;%S ¥IKhla fya;=fjka we;s jQ úg .íidjg wjir ,ndfok
flgqïm;la iïu; lf<ah'
cd;sl udkj ysñlï fldñifï iNdm;skS §msld Wvq.u úiska olajk wef.a
uE;ld,Sk ksÍlaIKh jk fi!LHuh ldrKd ms<n| uyck m%;sm;a;sh wd.ñl
flaj,alrejka úiska fufyhjkq fkd,eìh hq;=h hkafkka meyeÈ,s jk mßÈ
jir 20lg miqj;a fuu újdofha fldkafoais fjkia ù ;sfnkqfha b;d uo
jYfhks —ieuf.a wd.ñl u; iy NdIKfha ksoyi fj; fldñIka iNdj .re
lrk kuq;a, fuu .eg¿ wd.ñl úYajdihka u; mokï j ;SrKh fkdl<
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A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
hq;=h˜ hehs, fâ,s ksõia mqj;amf;ys m< jQ jd¾;djlg wkqj weh mjid ;sfí'
mq¿,a m%Yak
flfia fj;;a fuu újdoh úiska tys fome;af;au isájqka fj; mq¿,a m%Yak
lsysmhla yqjd olajd ;sì‚' wdrlaIs; .íidj i,id .; yels whg ta i|yd
m%fõY ùu iSud lrk úg f;dard.ekSu hkafkka woyia jkafka l=ulao@ fi!LH
wud;HdxYfha ks,OdÍka fmkajd fokafka rg ;=< iEu Èkhl§u kS;súfrdë
.íidjka 658 la isÿjk njh’' l,dmfha wvqu ud;D urK m%;sY;h we;af;a
Y%S ,xldfõ h’ tkï, hïlsis ld,hla ;=< isÿjk ore Wm;a 100,000l§ isÿjk
ud;D urK .Kk 2013 jif¾§ 32 l’' ta w;rjdrfhau, wkdrlaIs; .íidjka
fya;=fjka Y%S ,xldj ;=< 10] isg 12] olajd jQ ud;D urK m%;sY;hla jd¾;d
fõ’ m%cd ffjoH úoHdj ms<sn| úfYaI{hka fmkajd fokafka uyck fi!LH
wxYfha ud;D fiajdjka fkdñf,a ,nd.; yels w;r .íidjg tfrys kS;suh
wkqñ;Ska u.ska rcfha frday,aj,ska tlS fiajdj ,nd§u j<lajk njhs’ flfia
fj;;a mqoa.,sl wxYh u.ska th ryfiau ,ndfok nj o fi!LH jD;a;slfhda
ksÍlaIKh lr;s'
;j;a ie,lsh hq;= m%Yakhla jkafka fulS újdohka ;=< ia;%sh, wef.a fi!LHh
iy wef.a f;dard.ekSu isÿjkafka flfiao hkakhs' —fidhd.ekSïj,ska woyia
lrkafka iudchSh iy Ôj úoHd;aul j¾.hd fnda lrkakka jYfhka ia;%shf.a
N+ñldj kS;sh úiska hïlsis wdldrhlska ms<s.kakd njhs' kuq;a wef.a ldhsl
msßmqka nj yd ,sx.sl;ajh ms<sn| iajhx ;SrK .ekSug .re lsÍu ia;%S YÍrh
fya;=fjka iSud fkdjk w;r th fï jdo ìfï l%shdldß;ajhg uQ,sl wNsfhda.
hla jYfhka b;sß j mj;shs'˜ hehs wfífialr 1997 § ,Sjdh’ th wog o
j,x.= h'
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A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
iqnd úfcAisßj¾Ok
Y%S ,xldfõ .íid újdoh fï fudfyd; jk úg kej; jrla mek keÕS we;’
ta wjia:d folla hgf;a1 ldka;djkag .íid isÿlr .ekSu kS;Hdkql+, lsÍug
bv fok flgqïm;la iïu; lsÍug leìkÜ uKav,h W;aidy .ekSu;a
iu." tu wjia:d oaú;ajh jkafka ldka;dj ia;%S ¥IKhl úkaÈ;fhla ùu iy
l<,h zudrl ckau úlD;s;d’ iys; ùuhs¡ 1883 Y%S ,xld oKav kS;s ix.%yh
mk; hgf;a ^Tõ¡ ,xldfõ oKav kS;s ix.%yh mkjkq ,enqfõ o 1883 § h&
úfYaI{ ffjoHjrfhl= úiska úêu;a f,i ;yjqre lrk mßÈ ldka;djf.a
Ôú;h fírd.ekSu i|yd .íidjla lsÍu yereKq úg l<, .íid lsÍug Woõ
lsÍu o we;=<;aj ta i|yd .kq ,nk ish¨ W;aidyhka idmrdë jrola fyj;a
wmrdOhla njg m;a lr we;¡’
Y%S ,xld oKav kS;s ix.%yfha 303-306 j.ka;s u.ska fuu kS;sh §¾> jYfhka
olajkqfha —fuu l%shdj u.ska urKh isÿjk nj oekisàu fuu jro i|yd
w;HdjYH fkdfõ˜ hkak mjd olajñks¡
wmf.a hg;a úð; Wreufha fldgila jk fuu oKav kS;s ix.%yh ixfYdaOkh
lr we;af;a b;d l,d;=rlska jk w;r fmr lS j.ka;s lsis úfgl ixfYdaOkh
lr ke;’ .;jQ oYl lsysmh ;=< z.íid újdoh’ wjia:d .Kkdjl§ biau;=
fjñka kej; hgm;a fjñka ;sfnk w;r jvd;au iqúfYaIS f,i 1997 jif¾§
th isÿjQfha fuu j.ka;s ixfYdaOkh lrk f,i oeä fia b,a,d isàu;a iu."
ta i|yd úfrdaO;d iy wjysr lsÍï ks;ru mek kexf.a wd.ñl wdh;kj,sks¡
fuhg i;s lsysmhlg fmr wfma wd.ñl kdhlhka talu;sl yçka fuka
mejiqfõ th fkdl< hq;= nj h'
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A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
m%Odk Odrdfõ udOHhkaf.a m< jQ fïjdhska tlÿ ,smshlska fyda l;d lsÍug
wlue;s wiSre;u .eg¿j hehs ud úYajdi lrk ldrKh wduka;%Kh
lr fkd;snQ nj ug lsj yel¡ th kï" ia;%shf.a YÍrh" ,sx.sl;ajh iy
,sx.sl Ôú;h iïnkaOfhka ish md,kh ;rfha lshd isá mS;DuQ,sl n,fhka
hq;a wdh;k ^rdcHh, m,a,sh hkd§& úiska .íidj úYaùh jYfhka idmrdë
njg m;alsÍfï mS;DuQ,sl b;sydihhs¡ uQ,sl jYfhka .;a l," th ia;%shf.a
iajhx ;SrK .ekSfï n,h iSud lsÍfï iy ldka;dj fulS moaO;s ;=< isr.;
lsÍfï l%uhla úh tkï" ia;%Ska hkq ;ukag fkdj ;u iajdñmqreIhkag, Tjqkaf.a
mjq,aj,g" m%cdjkag iy wjidkfha rdcHhg whs;s W;amdok hka;%hka hkak
h:d¾:hla njg m;alsÍu ms‚i Ndú;d jQ l%uhla úh'
fï olajd ud lshjQ tla bx.%Sis ,smshla muKla .íid újdoh ldka;d whs;sjdislï
ms<sn| .eg¿jla jYfhka oelaùug jEhï lr ;sì‚3
2017 jif¾§ mjd wm .íid kS;sh ms<sn| l;d lrk úg" tu ixjdofhka
úYd, fldgila .íidj iodpdrd;aul o, fkdtfia kï iodpdr úfrdaë o hkak
iïnkaOfhka oeä fldg ñßld w,a,d.;a újdohka fjkqfjka lem ù isák
w;rjdrfha, tlS iuia;h úiska .íid kS;sh wdrïN ùug ;=vq ÿka iy oeka mjd
.íid kS;sh Èß.kajk ft;sydisl, ixialD;sluh iy foaYmd,kuh jgmsgdj
úfõpkd;aul iy úYaf,aIKd;aul f,i oelSfuka neyer jk wdldrh mqÿudldr
fukau wkdjrKd;aul o úh'
fulS kS;s ft;sydisl jYfhka md,kh lsÍfï fuj,ï jk w;r, ia;%S úuqla;sh
i|yd jQ jHdmdr ;=< jk úúOdldrfha /<ske.Sïj,g m%;spdrhla jYfhka tl
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A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
g%ïma úiska fï yqÿ i|yk lf<a 2017 ckjdß 21 jeksod f,dj mqrd ldka;djka
ñ,shk 5 la ùÈhg nisñka isÿl< ft;sydisl ldka;d /<sfhka Èk lsysmhlg
miqj nj o iïm%odhg tlÕj ksÍlaIKh lsÍu jáhs'
wmg oeka wjYHj ;sfnkafka l=ulaoehs ienúkau jgyd .ekSfï§ fulS uQ,sl
moku .fõIKh iy wmf.a b;sydihka m%Yak lsÍu jeo.;a h’ fï r¿ kS;sh
ixfYdaOkh lrkakehs mjik úg wm igka lrkafka l=ula i|ydo@ ia;%Sjd§ka
jYfhka wfmka jeäfokd fuu ixfYdaOk oeä fia m%YakldÍ hehs i,l;s¡ th
f>dar jgmsgdjla ;=< hï WmdhYS,S wjldYhla Èkd.ekSu i|yd m%udKj;a
fkdjk ñkquls¡ fulS ixfYdaOk" ia;%shg ish YÍrh, ish ,sx.sl;ajh iy ish
fi!LHh ms<sn| iajhx ;SrK .ekSfï yelshdj iïnkaOfhka muKla flakaøSh
fkdfõ'
ta fjkqjg, ish mQ¾K udkj ysñlï oeÍug fmr ia;%sh ìhlre jd;djrKhl
úkaÈ;hd njg uq,ska m;aùu fhdað; ixfYdaOk u.ska n,d;aul úh yelsh¡ tkï
fï wjia:dfõ§ weh tlaflda ia;%S ¥IKhl úkaÈ;hd ^iy$fyda jHdNspdrhl
jHia:dms; ia;%S ¥IKhl jeks& úh hq;=h¡ tfia;a ke;skï Ôj;a ùug wjia:djla
ke;s, fÄokSh jQ úlD;s l<,hla ord isáh hq;=h¡ fulS úkaÈ;hd fyj;a zwirK,
wysxil’ ldka;dj" wmrdOhl úkaÈ;fhla fyda fÄojdplhl úkaÈ;fhla úh
hq;=h'
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A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
ÈfkaId iurr;ak fufia ,shh’ —Y%S ,xldfõ .íidj ms<sn| m¾fhaIK úiska
fhdackd lrkafka .íidjka isÿlr .ekSug W;aidy lrk nyq;rh újdylhka
nj h’˜6 .íidj ms<sn| mQ¾j ffk;sl whs;sh ia;%shg ,ndÈh hq;= hehs
úYajdi lrk wfmka fndfyda fokd wmf.a ;¾lhkag rel=,a §u ms‚i fulS
fidhd.ekSï fkdmudj mdúÉÑ lrkafk, .íidj isÿlsÍug ux fidhkafka
újdyl ldka;djka ñi <dnd,, wújdyl ;re‚hka fkdjk nj weiSug rdcHh
yeuúgu leu;s fyhsks¡ kuq;a wm m%;sm;a;shla jYfhka iEu ldka;djlgu
.íidfõ whs;sh ;sìh hq;=h hkak iu. tlÕ úh hq;=h’- ffjYHdjkag mjd
tu whs;sh ;sìh hq;=hæ weh újdyl jqj;a, wújdyl jqj;a, ia;%S ÿIKhl
úkaÈ;fhla jqj;, wkque;sh u; i;=g i|yd isÿl< ,sx.sl tlaùulska wk;=rej
wkjYH .¾NkS njlska mSvd ú¢k ia;%shl jqj;a wehg tu whs;sh ;sìh hq;=h'
.íidj iïnkaO ffjoHuh ldrKd oeä fiau zfi!LHZ .eg¿jla njg m;alsÍu
wmg uqyqK fokakg isÿù ;sfnk ;j;a .egquls¡ fuu fhdað; ixfYdaOkh
fukau fmr fhdackd l< ixfYdaOk o hk ish,a, ilia lr ;sfnkafka ffjoH
úoHd;aul fldaKhlska jk w;r tajd f.k taug fmruqK .;af;a o ffjoH
jD;a;slhka h' fuu l%shdj,sfha§ ia;%S whs;sjdislï iy ia;%Skaf.a iajhx ;SrK
.ekSfï yelshdjg ;ekla fkdÿka w;r, ta fjkqjg ia;%shla kS;súfrdaë iy
kshdukh fkdl< .íidjkag ,la lsÍfï we;s wjodku ms<sn| ,nd § ;snqfKa
wju wjodkuls' fï ud¾.fhau .uka .ksñka iudc wd¾Ól ;¾lhka o f.k
tkq ,eì‚' tajdhska lshkakg W;aidy flrefKa .íidj idmrdë lsÍfï
m%;sM,hla jYfhka wvq wdodhï ,dNS iudc lKavdhïj, ldka;djka wkdrlaIs;
.íidjkag ,laùug jeä wjodkula we;s njh’'
flfia kuq;a wfmka fndfyda fofkl=g fulS lsisÿ iQ;%lrKhla mrudo¾YS fkdjk
w;r, we;eïúg wmg tajdhska ,eìh yelafla o tmuKl' wm h:d¾:jd§ úh
hq;=h’ Wmdhud¾.sl úh hq;=h’ b;ska wm l%shd l< hq;af;a flfiao@ úfYaIfhkau,
ia;%S whs;sjdislï l%shdldßkshka iy ia;%S whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka l:d lrkakka
jYfhka wm l%shd l< hq;af;a flfiao@
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A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
tmuKla fkdj, uekúka is;d ne,Sug WÑ; hehs wmg fmkS hk fohla jkafka
m%ckk hqla;sh jgd ìysj we;s wmf.a iudc jHdmdr iy ta fjkqfjka mlaIj
l;d lsÍu, úIu,sx.sluh rduq.; lsÍfuka úhqla; lr.ekSuhs' ud is;kafka
ia;%Ska m%ckkSh¡ jQj;a ke;;a ia;%shf.a ,sx.sl;ajh iy ia;%Skaf.a ,sx.sl;ajhka
md,kh lrk ft;sydisl mqreI uQ,sl l=rei hqoaOh iu. .íid újdoh’
ksrka;rfhka iïnkaO lsÍu wmf.a j.lSu njh’ m%ckk whs;sjdislï’ wdY%s;
NdIdj úiska, orejka je§u iy oeÍu f;dard fkd.kakd ia;%Ska fukau orejka
je§u iy oeÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjk ia;%Ska, oekgu;a orejka isák ia;%Ska
iy orejka jeÈh fkdyels ia;%Ska hkd§ wh mjd ksrka;rfhkau neyer lrkq
,nhs'
1
http://www.dailynews.lk/2017/08/23/local/126027/bill-allow-aborting-foetus-two-
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A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
counts ^lreKq folla hgf;a l<,h .íid lsÍug wjir §u i|yd mk;a flgqïm;&
2
http://www.dailymirror.lk/136652/Abortion-Medical-doctors-brief-religious-leaders
^.íidj ms<sn| ffjoHjreka úiska wd.ñl kdhlhskag Æyqçka úia;r lsÍu&
3
That elusive right to control your life and body – Abortion: Prabodini Munasinghe (Daily
FT,2017) http://www.ft.lk/opinion/That-elusive-right-to-control-your-life-and-body-
%E2%80%93-Abortion/14-64064 ^Tnf.a Ôú;h iy YÍrh md,kh lsÍu i|yd w,a,d.;
fkdyels whs;sh - .íidj( m%fndaêkS uqKisxy&
4
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/woman-labour-begs-family-
caesarean-111220 ^isfiaßhka i|yd ldka;djkaf.a m%iQ; whe§ï&
5
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/01/trumps-global-gag-a-devastating-
blow-for-womens-rights/ ^ldka;djkaf.a whs;Ska i|yd g%ïmaf.a f.da,Sh .e.a kshuh&
6
The Abortion Debate: Mismatched and Misplaced?: Dinesha Samararatne
(Groundviews, 2017) http://groundviews.org/2017/09/13/the-abortion-debate-
mismatched-and-misplaced/ ^.%jqkaâ úõia 2017&
7
Sexuality: A Feminist Issue?: Sunila Abeysekera (Women in Action, 1999)
http://tinyurl.com/ybbrz4sc ^l%shdldÍ ldka;djla" 1999&
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A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
iÑks fmf¾rd
.íid kS;sh m%;sixialrKh j¾;udkfha Y%S ,xldj ;=< uy;a Wkkaÿfjka l;d
nia lrk l=m%lg ud;Dldjls tys§ m%;sixialrK wjYH ukao iy isÿjk újdoh
ms<sn| ia;%Sjd§ oDIaáfldaKhka fukau —fi!LH ms<sn| uyck m%;sm;a;sh m%n,
ffjoHuh yd ksrd.ñl mokula u; ñi wd.ñl úYajdihka u; mokï fkdúh
hq;=h˜ hk u;h ms<sn| m%fõ.ldÍ idlÉPd isÿ flf¾'
Y%S ,xld udkj ysñlï fldñifï iNdm;sksh úiska olajk ,o fuys wjidkhg
lS lreK fuys§ idlÉPdjg WÑ; ldrKhla jk w;r th wjYHfhkau wm
úiska kej; fufkys l< hq;af;a, .íidj uyck fi!LH .eg¿jla jk w;r, th
ia;%shf.a m<uq iy m%Odk;u m%ckk whs;sjdislu jk fyhsks' ;jo .íidjla
isÿlr .ekSu i|yd whs;sh m%ckkh ms<sn| ;SrKh lsÍfï ia;%sh i;= whs;sfhys
wkq,x>kSh fldgila njg m;afjhs' tkï, .¾NkSNdjh mj;ajd.; hq;af;a o,
tfia kï ta l=uk wjia:dfõ§ o hkakhs' ffjoHjreka iy fi!LH wud;HdxYh
úiska fhdackd lrk ,o .íid kS;s m%;sixialrKh yryd .íidj ffjoHlrKh
ùu ^.íidj ffjoHuh ldrKhla fia w¾: oelaùu, m%;sldr lsÍu yd tkhska
th ffjoH úoHd;aul úIhla njg m;alsÍu&, ia;%shg f.jkakg isÿj ;sfnk
ñ,la njg m;aj ;sfío hkak nrm;< uyck újdohlg ;=vq fok ldrKhls'
fhdað; m%;sixialrKh
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A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
ndOl ì£u
fhdað; m%;sixialrKhg mlaIj kef.k ;¾lhla jkqfha fulS w¨f;ka tla l<
;;aj fol hgf;a .íidj wjYH lrk ldka;djka yg wdrlaIs; iy kS;Hdkql+,
.íidjg m%fõY ùug yels mßÈ kS;sh ,sys,a ùuhs' ;j;a ;¾lhla f,i fmkS
hkafka w;sYh iSudldÍ ;;ajhka hgf;a jqj;a, tn÷ m%;sixialrKhla úiska
rdcHh úiska mkjd we;s iSudlrKhka bj;a lr wdrlaIs; iy kS;Hdkql+,
.íidj i|yd yelshdj ,nd§uhs'
fulS m%;sixialrK n,dfmdfrd;a;= we;s lrjkiq¨ tajd f,i fmkS .sh;a, iómj
n,k l, fmkS hkafka tajd uQ,Od¾ñl jYfhka fukau Ndú;h w;ska o .eUqre
f,i m%YakldÍ nj h'
l<,hl udrl ckau úlD;s;d ;sfío hkak fyda .¾NkSNdjfha lsishï .eg¿jla
;sfío hkak y÷kd .ekSug fukau Wmfoia ,nd.ekSug o ffjoH iydh wjYH
úh yelsh' fï yereKq úg .íidjla i|yd fya;=j l=ulao hkak fkdi,lñka
.¾NkSNdjhla wjika l< hq;=o hkak ms<sn| wjika ;SrKh ffjoHjrfhl=
úiska .; hq;af;a ukao ^fjk;a jpkj,ska mjikafka kï ffjoHlrKh ùu&
hkakg fya;=jla ke;' fï m%;sixialrKhg iydh m< lrk ffjoHjreka, —tu
;SrKh ujf. wf;a˜ hehs wjOdrKh lrk w;rjdrfha, ta yqiafukau Tjqka
i|yka lrkafka rcfha frday, úfYaI{ ffjoHjreka fofofkl=f.a ks¾foaYh
u; muKla tu ;SrKh ujg .; yels nj h' fuhska fmkS hkafka fhdað;
m%;sixialrKh ffjoH mS;DuQ,slNdjh ;=< uq,anei f.k we;s nj h'
ffjoHuh mS;DuQ,slNdjh
;;ajh hym;a w;g fjkia úh yels jqjo —fï iqúfYaIS WodyrKfha§ ish YÍr
ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSfï whs;sh fkd;ld yßk mS;DuQ,sl wdl,amj,g wNsfhda.
lrkq fjkqjg fï fhdað; .íid m%;sixialrKfha§ tu ;SrKh .ekSu˜ ia;%Skag
jvd ia;%Ska .ek okafka hehs mQ¾j ks.ukhl isák ffjoHjreka w;g m;afjhs'
miq.shod isÿjQ .íid kS;s m%;sixialrKh ffjoHjreka úiska wd.ñl kdhlhka
fj; meyeÈ,s lr §fï wjia:djg tlÿ ldka;djl fyda iyNd.s ù fkdisàu,
bÈßfha§ úh yels foa ms<sn| fmr ,l=Kla mu‚'
;j;a ldrKhla jkafka —fhdað; m%;sixialrK u.ska ia;%shg wef.a mQ¾K udkj
ysñlï i,id .ekSug yels ùug fmr uq,ska tys úkaÈ;hka njg m;aúh hq;=h˜
hk mQ¾j ks.ukhhs¡ ;j;a lKiai¿ iy.; mQ¾j ks.ukhla úh yelafla
ld,iSudj, úfYaI{ ffjoHjrekaf.a ks¾foaYh iy fmd,sia jd¾;d u.ska,
f,dalfha fiiq ;ekaj,;a isÿjk wkaoug wef.a ;SrK .ekSfï yelshdjg
;jÿrg;a iSud mekùuhs
fï m%;sixialrK ldgo@
u.ska fmkajd fokafka Y%S ,xldfõ ldka;djkag .íidjla wjYH jk m%Odk fya;=
tajd fkdjk njhs'
Èklg Y%S ,xldj ;=< .íidjka 700 lg jvd isÿjk njg weia;fïka;=.;
lr we;' thska nyq;rh isÿlr .kafka újdyl ldka;djka úisks' fï m%;sY;h
we;eï jd¾;djlg wkqj 94] blaujhs' tfiau tajd isÿlr .kqfha kS;s úfrdaë
f,i iy ksrka;rfhkau wkdrlaIs;j h' .¾NkSNdjh wjika lr .ekSu i|yd
Tjqkag n,mdk m%Odk fya;= jkafka wd¾Ól wia:djr;ajh iy jeämqr orejka
wjYH fkdùuhs' by< wdodhula iys; ldka;djkag ish .¾NkSNdjh wjika lr
.ekSug ^kS;s úfrdaë f,i jqj;a& m%fõYh iy uqo,a ;sfí' kuq;a uOHu mdka;sl
iy wvq wdodhï,dNS ia;%Ska yg fuh isÿlr.ekSug isÿjkafka zf.dv fjolïZ
yryd h' thska fndfyda úg urKh fyda Ôú; ld,h i|ydu l,amj;akd ldhsl
wYlakql;d we;s fõ' .íidj idmrdë fkdjk ;;ajhg m;a lsÍfï w¾:h
hïlsis fya;=jla fyda fya;= ksid ;ukaf.a wkjYH .¾NkS nj wjika lsÍug
wjYH ia;%shg ta i|yd kS;Hdkql+, f,i oeßh yels mßÈ iy .¾yd;aul fkdjk
wdldrhlg th isÿlr .ekSug yelshdj ,nd§uhs'
fuu ú.%yh ,xldfõ kS;s yd m%;sm;a;s kshdukhka ks¾udKh lrk úg fyda ´kEu
;SrKhla .kakd úg tajd fld;rï wruqKq iy.; jqj;a tajd fhdackd lsÍu fyda
iïu; lr .ekSu isÿjkafka thska jeämqru n,mEug m;ajk wh tu l%shdoduh
;=< flakaø.; fkdlrñka jk njhs' fun÷ m%;sixialrK úiska Y%S ,xldfõ
ia;%Ska yg .íidj wjYH jkafka ukao hkak ms<sn| ixLHdf,aLk wdLHdkhka
iy ta i|yd fya;= fkdi,ld yßkjd muKla fkdj m%;sixialrKj,ska olajk
wjYH;d bgqlsÍug W;aidy .ekSfï§ ldka;djka uqyqK mdk wNsfhda. o
fkdi,ld yßkq ,nhs' WodyrKhla jYfhka ia;%Skag tfrys ,sx.sl m%pKav;ajh
ms<sn| isÿùï fndfyda úg jd¾;d.; fkdjk úg fyda we;eïúg tla úfYaI{
ffjoHjrfhla fj; hd.; fkdyels ia;%shlg úfYaI{ ffjoHjreka fofofkl=
fj; m%fõY úh yelso jeks ldrKd fuys§ uq¿ukskau fkdi,ld yer ;sfí'
wfma nr iy ifï meyeh .ek fyd| ys;ska lshk woyiaj, isg" wm mdf¾
weúÈk úg wfma miqmi tk wh iïnkaO .=ma; w;aoelSu olajd" ldka;dfjda
;ukaf.a YÍr hkq uyck foam, hehs tmd fjk ;rug oekqj;ah' fhdað;
.íid kS;sfhka fï ldrKh wduka;%Kh lsÍug .kafka iq¿ W;aidyhla jqj;a"
wvqu ;rfï th úiska - whq;= fhdackd" whq;= m%ldY" jer§fuka fuka isref¾
jÈk oE;a iy nf,ka lrk oE we;=¿j m%pKav;ajh kï j¾Kdj,sfha wjidk
wkaOldr fl<jr jk - ia;%S ¥IKfha úkaÈ;hkag lsishï iykhla ,ndfohs'
.íidjg úreoaO fjkakka mqreIdêm;Hh we;s neõ ms<.;af;a jqjo" ke;s jqjo"
wjidkfha n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka ldka;djkaf.a YdÍßl iajdêldrh iSud lrk"
Tjqkaj iaÓr ud;DNdjh flf¾ fyda Ôú;h wk;=f¾ fy,k kS;s úfrdaë l%u
i|yd n, lrk" mj;sk ;;ajh kv;a;= lsÍughs' .íidjg úreoaO fjk whg
tla fya;=jla ;sîu wjYH fkdjQjo" fï ;SrKh .ekSfï§ Y%S ,xldfõ ish¨ ire
ldka;djka fjkqfjka tfia lsÍug ;ukag ysñlula we;s neõ Tjqka lshd isáho"
we;a;gu ikao¾Nh ;=< isÿjkafka l=ulao hkak iïnkaOfhka fkdi,lk
Tjqyq" ;ukaf.a l%shdj, m%;sM,hka .ek o wixfõ§ fj;s'
újdy fkdjQ uõjrekag Y%S ,xldj hym;a ;ekla njg m;a lsÍug" wdndê;
whf.a Ôjk ;;ajh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug" <uhska i|yd oekg mj;sk iudc /
ljrK moaO;s Wfoid iïm;a ,nd §ug b,a,d isàu i|yd wmg WoafoaYkh
lsÍu l< yelsh' tfia lsÍfï § wod< újdoh isÿjkafka ÿIalr" wm%ikak" ñ,
uqo,a wju Y%S ,dxlSh ixialrKh ;=< nj;a" wfma m%cdmd,k fmd;aj, i|yka
ufkdal,amsl ixialrKh ;=< fkdjk nj;a Tn ms<s.; hq;=h'
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A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
Ôú;h mgka .kafka .eí .ekSfuka hehs wms fudfyd;lg is;uq' tjeks
;;ajhl§" l,,hg iudcfha udkj ia;%shg iudk f,iskau wdpdr O¾óh
wdia:dkhla we;s njg ms<s .ekSug wmg n,lrkafkao@ iudcfha ia:dms;
idudðlhl=f.a ldhsl hymeje;au" udkisl fi!LHh" isysk iy n,dfmdfrd;a;=
jekfikakg bv § ir, iuQyhlg rdcH hdka;%Kh úiska uQ,sl;ajh Èh hq;=
jkafka wehs@
Ôú;hg we;s whs;sh Wÿrd .; fkdyels hehs ie,flkafka" Ôú;h hkq mQckSh
tlla fjk neúks' l=ula mQckSh jkafka oehs" thg fya;=j l=ulaoehs ljqreka
úiska ;SrKh lrkafka o hkakg idudkHfhka ksrd.ñl ms<s;=rla we;af;a ke;'
;jÿrg;a" wm jgd ksrka;rfhka isÿjk urK yd úkdYfhka meyeÈ,s jkafka"
Ôú;fha ish¨ wdldrhkag mQckSh ks,uqødj fkd,efnk njhs' fndfyda rgj,aj,
;on, f,i frda.S jQ mqoa.,hkag ;ukaf.a Ôú; wjidk lsÍug kS;Hdkql+, f,i
wjir we;' ula ksid o h;a" Ôú;fha m%;HlaI .=Kd;aulNdjh Ôú;h iïnkaO
idrdxY.; ixl,amhlg jvd jeo.;a neúks' ;jÿrg;a" mqoa.,fhl=g ;uka
kej; m%dKj;a lsÍu fkdlrk f,i b,a,ñka ,smsf,aLk w;aika l< yels w;r"
Bg wE;ska we;s ldrKh jkafka lsishï úê iy wdldrj,ska Ôú;h m%;slafIam
lsÍu ñksiqkag f;dard .; yels njhs' Y%S ,xldfõ wms iajleue;a; úiska Ôú;h
.ek we;s W;=ï jákdlu wìnjd hk wjia:djka- hqoaOh iy iajhxwdrlaIdj
i|yd Ôú; wjika lsÍu ms<s.kakd w;r" we;eï úg W;al¾Ihg o kxjuq'
Ôj;aùug Yajik WmlrK wdÈfha iydh wjYH fjk wh" fyda fldaud ;;ajfha
isákd wh iïnkaOfhka" Tjqkaf.a lsÜgqu {d;shdf.a f;dard .ekSu u; /
ljrKh wjidk lsÍug we;eï rdcHhka lghq;= i,ihs' fï WodyrK ;=<ska
Ôú;h yE,a¨ lsÍug fyda urd oeóu hkq wm leue;s úfkdaodxYhla hehs
lsisfia;au woyia fkdfõ' kuq;a fuhska wjOdrKh lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;=
jQfha —Ôú;h mQckSh tllah˜ hkak ir, wdldrfhka iy fï wudre ;SrKhka
.ekSug isÿ jQ mqoa.,hkag lDDr f,i wmydi lsÍug fhdod .ekSu iqÿiq fkdjk
njhs' th w.h Y=kH jk l%Svdjla fkdfõ' fufia Tjqka .kakd ;SrK f,fyis
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A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
myiq tajd fkdfõ' kuq;a tajdg rdcH jHqyhka úiska myiqlï imhkq ,nhs'
fuhska Tjqkaf.a ;;ajh .ek jeäfhkau okakd Tjqyq ;ukag .e,fmk jvd;au
.e,fmk ;SrKhla .ks;s' th úiska wjq,a ù we;s Ôjk h:d¾:hla ;sfnk
nj ms<s .kakd w;r" ñksiqkag ;ukag jk ,dN iy w,dN uek n,d" ixlS¾K
iodpdrd;aul ;SrKhka fyd| krl ñY% jQ" jHdl+, jQ f,dalhla ;=< .ekSug
mjrkq ,nhs'
jvd;a wdl¾IŒh ldrKh jkafka" wmg Ôú;h wjika lsÍug wjir fokjdo
hkak fkdj" Ôú;hla wdrlaId lsÍug wmg hq;=lula ;sfnkjdo hkakhs'
.Õl .sf,ñka isák ñksil= olsk mfil isákakl= .ek is;kak' ;uka úYsIag
msyskqïlrejl= jqj o" fmak udkfha isák tlu mqoa.,hd jqjo" ta i|yd
w;HjYHfhkau jvd fyd|u iy tlu iqÿiqlï,;a ;eke;a;d jqjo" Tyqg .Õg
mek .sf,k ñksid fírd .kakg kS;Hdkql+, ne£ula ke;' Tyq tfia lrkafka
Tyqf.a iodpdr moaO;sh iy jákdlï mokï lr f.k fjk w;r" Tyq wjodku
.; hq;= hehs o" wvqu .Kfka wfkldf.a Ôú;h fírd .ekSug W;aidyhla
oeßh hq;= hehs o wms wK lrkakg fkdhkafkuq' fï ;¾lh ;jÿrg;a mq¿,a
l< úg" wm wfma urKfhka miq wksjd¾hfhkau wjhj oka fokakka ùu"
thska Ôú; lsysmhla fírefka jqjo" meyeÈ,s fya;= u; wmg lsisÿ úhoula
orkakg isÿ fkdjQjo" rch kshu lrk ldrKhla fkdfõ' rchhkag wmg
iqmsß ùrhka ùug n, l, fkdyels jkafka" fuu WodyrK ikao¾Nh u; r|d
mj;sk foaj,a nj Tjqka f;areï .kakd neúks' fï jHjydr rgdfjka ksoyia l<
tlu ldrKh jkafka ldka;djkah' tu mfil isák ;eke;a;dgu" ldka;djla
¥IKh ùu je<elaùug lsisÿ j.lSula ke;" tfy;a weh ¥IKh jQ úg" .eínr
jQ úg" wehg isÿ fjk wjodkï iy .¾NkSNdjfha n,mEï fkdi,ld weh
úiska l<,fha Ôú;h wdrlaId lr .; hq;= njg ta wh n,d fmdfrd;a;= fõ'
.¾NkSNdjfha lïlfgd¿ iy oreWmf;a§ fõokdj ord .ekSug;a" ;ukaf.a
isyskj,g kej;=ula ;eîug;a" thska fjk;a ukqIHhl= fkdkeiS wdrlaId lr
.ekSug;a ldka;djkaf.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'
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wEkauÍ o is,ajd
j¾;udkfha§ Y%S ,xldj ;=< .íidj kS;Hkql+, jkafka ore.en ksid ujf.a
Ôú;hg ;¾ckhla we;s lrkafka kï mu‚' miq.shod fhdackd lrk ,o
leìkÜ m;%ldjg wkqj ^1& l<,h .¾NdIh ;=< ksis wdldrhg msysgd fkdue;s
wjia:dj,§ yd ^2& ia;%S ¥IKhla fya;=fjka yg.;a ore.enla hk wjia:dfõ§
.íidjla lr.ekSug kS;Hkql+, whs;sh fhdackd lr we;' tfy;a fïjd b;d
w;sYhska iSudiys; isÿùïh' wm úiska isÿl< hq;af;a ldka;djf.a m%ckk
fi!LHh ms<sn| fnda, inka wdldrfha ;¾l bÈßm;a lrñka tajd iïnkaOj
mdßY=oaO me;slv úuid ne,Su fkdj we;a; jYfhkau .íidjla isÿlsÍug
ldka;dj fmd<Ujkq ,nk ienE isoaê ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lsÍuhs'
wm ish¨ fokdu okakd mßÈ lf;da,sl m,a,sh ks, jYfhkau .íidjg tfrys
u;hla orhs' miq.sh ld, iSudj mqrd .íidj kS;Hkql+, lsÍu iïnkaOj mej;s
l;sld yd m%;s l;sldjka ;=< lf;da,sl m,a,sh ks;H jYfhkau ksfhdackh
flre‚' lf;da,sl m,a,sh ksfhdackh lrñka iuyre fï iïnkaO ,sms ,sùug
mjd bÈßm;a jQy' tfy;a .íidj iïnkaOfhka foúhka jykafiaf.a mdmhg
yiqùu iïnkaOj ,sms ,shQ lsisfjl= fyda lf;da,sl m,a,sh ksfhdackh lrk
kdhlhska fyda lsisfjl= m%isoaêfha ;uka .íidjg tfrys njg y~ keÕ=fõ
fyda bÈßm;a jQfha ke;' .íidj kS;s.; lsÍu iïnkaOfhka bÈßm;a jQ fya;=
fol ms<sn| is;d n,kjdg jvd ldka;djf.a m%ckk fi!LHh yd iïnkaO
Tjqka ;=< we;s u;jdoh biau;= lsÍug Tjqka jeämqr leue;a;la olajk nj
fmfkkakg ;snq‚' tu.ska .íidjg tfrysùu muKla fkdj Tjqka ;=<
we;s ia;%S úfrdaOho fmkakqï lsÍug iu;aúh' fuu.ska fmkShkafka lf;da,sl
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A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
lf;da,sl m%cdj w;r mq¿,a jYfhka ixirKh jqKq ,smshg wkqj lf;da,sl
ffjoHjrekaf.a ixioh mjikafka z,sx.sl ¥IKhl§ ldka;djlg we;s lrjk
lïmkh ksid âñn fudapkh fkdù ;sîug bv we;s njhs’' fuh b;d Nhdkl yd
wi;H ñ;Hdjla jk w;r ffjoH ixioh tjeks isÿùï j,g wod<j 0'1] l muK
WodyrK i,ld n,kafka Tjqka úiska bÈßm;a lrk woyig iydh olajk lsisÿ
ffjoH wOHkhla fyda m¾fhaIK uQ,dY% u; msysgd isÿlrk Wmqgd oelaùïj,ska
fkdfõ' wfkla w;g 1996 § m%ij yd kdßfõoh iïnkaO wefußldkq c¾k,h
úiska wOHhkhla u.ska fmkajd fokafka ia;%S ¥IKhla ksid isÿjk .eí.
ekSï m%udKh j¾Ihlg 32101 la muK jk njhs' fuu wOHhkhg wkqj ia;%S
¥IKhla ksid .eí.ekSug we;s iïNdú;dj yd äïn fudapkh w;r mj;sk
iïnkaO;dj 30] l muK uÜgul mj;S' ta wkqj idukHfhka úkaÈ;hskaf.
ka 5]la muK fokd .eí.ekSug yelshdj mj;sk njhs' fuu wOHhkh u.ska
bÈßm;a lrk ixLHd o;a; 2017 iema;eïn¾ 10 jeks Èk uefikac¾ mqj;am;g
,smshla imhk bleÜf,da msh;=ud úiska olajk o;a;j,g iudklï olajhs'
msh;=ud úiska fuu ,smsh ,sùug mdol lr.kafka ¥IKhg ,lajQ ldka;djka 400
fofkl= fhdod.ksñka 1982 § isÿl< m¾fhaIKl fidhd.ekSïh' tu wOHhkhg
wkqj ia;%S ¥IKhlska miqj ldka;djla .eí.ekSfï iïNdú;dj 6] l m%udKhla
.kS' ta wkqj lf;da,sl m,a,sh ksfhdackh lrk ffjoHjreka úiska ,ndfok
jHdc f;dr;=rej,g jvd m¾fhaIK yd wOHhk u; mokï jQ i;H isoaê u;
mokï jQ f;dr;=re m%cdjg ,nd§u w;HjYH fõ'
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A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
84
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
is;a .kakd iq¿ foaj,a jkafka ia;%S ,sx.sl Y%ñlhka .íidlsÍï isÿ lrk .ekSug
<.d fjk wdldrh msßlaid n,k úgh' fndfyda wdldrj,ska" .íidj .íidj
yxjvqlrKhg ,lajQ" iy m%fõYùug ks;r ÿIalr jk bkaÈhdfõ" n%iS,fha"
W.kavdfõ iy wfkl=;a me;sj, §" ,sx.sl jD;a;slhka fkdjk" .íid lsÍug
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wfkl=;a wh fukau iudk ndOlj,g uyqK fo;s' fï fomsßiu
úYajdikSh;ajh ì|jeàu fyda ffjoH fiajd imhkakkaf.a úksYaÑ; wdl,amj,g
^.íidj fyda Wm;a md,k l%u we;eï úg m%;slafIam lrkq ,eîfï uÜgug&
uqyqK fo;s' fï ksid" fndfyda .íid lsÍug hkafkda jeä úhoï we;s" tneúka
fndfydafofkl=g m%fõY ùug ÿIalr fm!oa.,sl ffjoH fiajdj,g fhduq fj;s'
ke;akï wdodhu fyda fm!oa.,sl i;=g fjkqfjka - ;ukaf.a ;SrK .ekSula f,i
tajd ,sx.sl lghq;= i|yd mdúÉÑ fkdl< hq;= njg háka Èfjk Wml,amkhka fõ'
.íid lrkakg hkakka uqyqK mdk ;j;a fmdÿ ndOdjla fndfydaúg Tjqkaf.a
m%ckk ksoyi l%shd;aul lsÍu iu." tkï ld iu. fldhs ld,fha orejka
yokafkao hkak iïnkaOfhka fõ' .íidj yd neÿkq fldkalsÍu iy
wjodku" úfYaIfhkau th újdyfhka msg isÿ jQfha kï" ie,iqï fkdlrk
,o .¾NkSNdjhla ;=<ska hdug jvd" idfmalaIj wvqh' ldka;djlg
.¾NkSNdjh iu. isàug wjYH jqj;a" iudc ndOdj tf,i fjk neúka"
wehg .íidjlg m%fõY úh yelskï th tlu f;dard .ekSu f,i oefkhs'
ta w;ru" .íidj iïnkaO ia;%S ,sx.sl Y%ñlhkaf.a Ôú; w;aoelSï .;a l<
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[1] Smith, Charlie. Why Feminist Joyce Arthur Supports Sex Workers’ Rights. The Georgia Straight. September 28,
2011.
[2] Kapp-Klote, H. Beyond Birth Control: Recent Reproductive Justice Stories That Fewer People Are Talking
About. Rewire. July 18, 2014.
[3] Ross, Loretta. Understanding Reproductive Justice. Trust Black Women. November 2006 (Updated March
2011).
[4] See for example: Madeiro, Alberto and Debora Diniz, “Induced Abortion Among Brazilian Female Sex
Workers”, Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 20.2 (2015): 587-593.
Marlow, Heather M. et al, “Abortion Services for Sex Workers in Uganda: Successful Strategies in an Urban
clinic”, Culture, Health & Sexuality 16.8 (2014): 931-943; Todd, Catherine S. et al, “Contraceptive Utilization
and Pregnancy Termination Among Female Sex Workers in Afghanistan”, Journal of Women’s Health 19.11
(2010): 2057-2062.
[5] Feldblum, Paul J. et al, “Pregnancy Among Sex Workers Participating in a Condom Intervention Trial
Highlights the Need for Dual Protection,” Contraception 76 (2007): 105-110.
[6] Ghosh, “‘Professional’ Abortion Seekers: The Sex Workers of Kolkata,” CEHAT (2003): 1-18.
[8] Ghosh, Op Cit, p. 2.
[9] Cleeve, Amanda et al, “Attitudes and Experiences Regarding Induced Abortion Among Female Sex Workers,
Savannakhet Province, Laos,” Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 5 (2014): 137-141.
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89
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
1. ghypay;G: xU
ngz;zpiythjpapd; gpur;rpid?
gy ngz;fs; jkJ nrhe;j ghypay;G
gw;wp Vd; mr;rg;gLfpd;wdh; vd;gjw;fhd
fhuzq;fisf; fz;lwpjy;
Rdpyh mNgNrfu
nrhw;fsQ;rpak; :
96
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
Rdpyh mNgNrfu
97
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
100
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
103
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
105
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
107
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
108
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
Fwpg;G:
109
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
kPuh =epthrd;
110
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
Rgh tpN[rphpth;j;jd
112
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
115
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
[1] http://www.dailynews.lk/2017/08/23/local/126027/bill-allow-aborting-foetus-two-counts
[2] http://www.dailymirror.lk/136652/Abortion-Medical-doctors-brief-religious-leaders
[3]That elusive right to control your life and body – Abortion: Prabodini Munasinghe (Daily FT,
2017) http://www.ft.lk/opinion/That-elusive-right-to-control-your-life-and-body-%E2%80%93-
Abortion/14-64064
[4] http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/woman-labour-begs-family-caesarean-11122021
[5] https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/01/trumps-global-gag-a-devastating-blow-for-
womens-rights/
[6] The Abortion Debate: Mismatched and Misplaced?: Dinesha Samararatne (Groundviews, 2017)
http://groundviews.org/2017/09/13/the-abortion-debate-mismatched-and-misplaced/
[7] Sexuality: A Feminist Issue?: Sunila Abeysekera (Women in Action, 1999)
http://tinyurl.com/ybbrz4sc
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rr;rpdp ngNuuh
Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s jpUj;jk;
118
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
jilfisj; jfh;j;jy;
njhpitf; Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;fy;
kUj;Jt Nkyhjpf;fk;
119
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
120
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
,j;jpUj;jq;fs; ahUf;fhf?
123
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
md;dNkhp b rpy;th
tpthjk;
124
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
127
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
nkfy; ngNuuh
128
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
131
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
8. ghypay; njhopyhspfs;
,af;fj;Jf;Fk;> fUf;fiyg;G
chpikf;fhd nray;thjj;Jf;Fk;
,ilapyhd ,ilntspia ehk; Vd;
epug;gy; Ntz;Lk;
132
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137
A COLLECTION OF WRITING ON RIGHT TO SAFE ABORTION
[1] Smith, Charlie. Why Feminist Joyce Arthur Supports Sex Workers’ Rights. The Georgia
Straight.September 28, 2011.
[2] Kapp-Klote, H. Beyond Birth Control: Recent Reproductive Justice Stories That Fewer
People Are Talking About. Rewire. July 18, 2014.
[3] Ross, Loretta. Understanding Reproductive Justice. Trust Black Women. November
2006 (Updated March 2011).
[4] See for example: Madeiro, Alberto and Debora Diniz, “Induced Abortion Among
Brazilian Female Sex Workers”, Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 20.2 (2015): 587-593.
Marlow, Heather M. et al, “Abortion Services for Sex Workers in Uganda: Successful
Strategies in an Urban clinic”, Culture, Health & Sexuality 16.8 (2014): 931-943; Todd,
Catherine S. et al, “Contraceptive Utilization and Pregnancy Termination Among Female
Sex Workers in Afghanistan”, Journal of Women’s Health 19.11 (2010): 2057-2062.
[5] Feldblum, Paul J. et al, “Pregnancy Among Sex Workers Participating in a Condom
Intervention Trial Highlights the Need for Dual Protection,” Contraception 76 (2007):
105-110.
[6] Ghosh, “‘Professional’ Abortion Seekers: The Sex Workers of Kolkata,” CEHAT (2003):
1-18.
[9] Cleeve, Amanda et al, “Attitudes and Experiences Regarding Induced Abortion
Among Female Sex Workers, Savannakhet Province, Laos,” Sexual & Reproductive
Healthcare 5 (2014): 137-141.
Source: http://www.tarshi.net/inplainspeak/voices-why-we-need-to-bridge-the-gap-
between-sex-workers-movements-and-abortion-rights-activism/
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