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Essential Components of English Language Development

Vocabulary Functions Forms Fluency

Terms: What are some Tasks: What are some of Tools: What are the Trying it out: What
of the essential words and the communicative discourse and do English learners
phrases that English purposes English learners grammatical tools need to practice to
learners need for social must learn to navigate? needed to communicate develop accurate and
and academic purposes? for different purposes? fluent use of language?

• General and specific • Express social • Syntax – words • Use spoken


nouns courtesies order English flexibly to
communicate with
• Verbs of being and • Participate in • Subject/verb others
doing discussions agreement
• Identify and
• “survival” words • Give & follow • Conventions for classify word
directions formal and classes and
• Idioms & informal use patterns
collocations • Express needs, likes
& feelings • Verbals: tenses, • Understand and
• Transferable auxiliaries, forms respond in
academic terms • Ask & answer conversations
questions • Adjectives & without hesitation
• Subject-specific adverbs
vocabulary • Describe people & • Produce speech
things; places and • Conjunctions & with appropriate
locations subordination speed, intonation,
stress and volume
• Relate observable • Pronouns
events; narrate past • Adapt reading
events • Prepositions strategies for a
variety of
• Classify; compare & • Determiners & purposes
contrast articles
• Practice
• Express cause & • Sentence variation comprehensible
effect; predict & complexity enunciation,
outcomes pronunciation, and
articulation
• Generalize; draw
conclusions

Adapted from: “A focused approach for English Learner Instruction” E.L. Achieve, Susana Dutro et al
www.elachieve.org

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